From a commencement address by Richard Feynman:
It's a kind of scientific integrity, a principle of scientific thought that corresponds
to a kind of utter honesty-a kind of leaning over backwards. For example, if
you're doing an experiment, you should report everything that you think might
make it invalid-not only what you think is right about it: other causes that could
possibly explain your results; and things you thought of that you've eliminated
by some other experiment, and how they worked-to make sure the other fellow
can tell they have been eliminated.
Details that could throw doubt on your interpretation must be given, if you
know them. You must do the best you can-if you know anything at all wrong,
or possibly wrong-to explain it. If you make a theory, for example, and advertise
it, or put it out, then you must also put down all the facts that disagree with it,
as well as those that agree with it. There is also a more subtle problem. When
you have put a lot of ideas together to make an elaborate theory, you want to
make sure, when explaining what it fits, that those things it fits are not just the
things that gave you the idea for the theory; but that the finished theory makes
something else come out right, in addition.
Call this Feynman integrity.