https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?feed=atom&target=Maximum_Verbosity&title=Special%3AContributions%2FMaximum_Verbosity 2026-10-21T19:38:41Z From HFUnderground MediaWiki 1.16.5 https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Firedrake 2020-10-16T19:34:18Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: /* Example frequencies */</p> <hr /> <div>Firedrake (sometimes labeled as &quot;Firedragon&quot;) is the unofficial name of a shortwave broadcast containing loud oriental orchestral music. It exists solely to jam other broadcasts on the same frequency, apparently for censorship. Firedrake broadcasts only contain music; no form of on-air identification has ever been reported. An article on satdirectory.com revealed that the source of the Firedrake shortwave transmissions is a China National Radio satellite feed.<br /> <br /> == Targeted broadcasts ==<br /> <br /> Firedrake has been logged on frequencies used by Radio Free Asia and Sound of Hope. The jammer is typically used against broadcasts in Chinese targeted to Asia.<br /> <br /> == Example frequencies ==<br /> <br /> These frequencies are in kHz and were logged by HF Underground users or published in the EiBi shortwave schedules (http://www.eibispace.de/). Those wishing to hear Firedrake should try scanning around these frequencies or tuning to scheduled broadcasts known to be jammed rather than only checking specific frequencies. Note that frequencies are not constrained to the shortwave broadcast bands. The Chinese are not known for their rigid conformity to international standardization, agreements or treaties. <br /> <br /> <br /> * 2006: 6145, 7130, 7365, 9350, 9370, 9455, 9680, 9905, 10400, 11700, 11765, 11785, 11940, 12085, 13625, 13675, 13715, 13970, 14600, 15510<br /> * 2007: 7535, 9355, 9680, 9905, 11540, 11765, 11790, 11795, 11945, 12085<br /> * 2008: (no logs)<br /> * 2009: 9000, 10210<br /> * 2010: 8400, 9150, 10300, 11100, 12600, 13300, 14980, 15720<br /> * 2011: 7970, 10300, 11500, 11560, 12160, 12175, 12230, 12600, 13130, 13850, 13970, 14700<br /> * 2012: 11900, 12230, 12320, 12670, 12980, 13430, 13850, 14870<br /> * 2013: 11500, 12980, 13130, 13970, 15900, 16100<br /> * 2014: 9855, 13630, 13780, 15560, 17560<br /> * 2015: 5890, 5970, 6010, 6020, 6095, 7435, 7445, 7505, 9355, 9370, 9410, 9455, 9685, 9745, 9860, 11560, 11945, 13830, 17625, 17810<br /> * 2016: 7250, 9855, 9880, 13630, 13805, 15565, 17560<br /> * 2017: 6080, 7210, 9350, 9355, 9370, 9745, 9780, 9965, 11540, 11560, 11670, 13830, 15250<br /> * 2018: 6080, 9355, 9455, 9745, 9860<br /> * 2020: 9535, 9720, 9885, 11785<br /> <br /> Firedrake logs are regularly published in Glenn Hauser's [http://www.worldofradio.com/dxldmid.html DX Listening Digest].<br /> <br /> Recordings: <br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_ns16LwekY Chinese Firedrake Jammer on 13300 kHz]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oqSw3uGFlE8 Chinese Firedrake Jammer - Full Audio]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HAKlWeamTEE Firedrake Jamming from China]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kL0HKhgjIYU Firedrake on 7970kHz]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IjtzyhDlNi4 Firedrake jammer on 10970]<br /> * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LwJgM595p4w Firedrake shortwave radio jammer - Everywhere...]<br /> <br /> Other links:<br /> * [http://www.satdirectory.com/firedrake.html Firedrake - The source of China's Radio Jammer found on Chinasat 6B]<br /> * [http://www.lyngsat.com/ChinaSat-6B.html ChinaSat 6B]<br /> * [http://www.iarums-r1.org/iarums/prcdragon.pdf Fighting the Chinese Government &quot;Firedragon&quot; Music Jammer and Sound of Hope broadcasting, Taiwan]<br /> * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_jamming_in_China Radio jamming in China (wikipedia)]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Firedrake 2020-10-15T20:58:13Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: /* Example frequencies */</p> <hr /> <div>Firedrake (sometimes labeled as &quot;Firedragon&quot;) is the unofficial name of a shortwave broadcast containing loud oriental orchestral music. It exists solely to jam other broadcasts on the same frequency, apparently for censorship. Firedrake broadcasts only contain music; no form of on-air identification has ever been reported. An article on satdirectory.com revealed that the source of the Firedrake shortwave transmissions is a China National Radio satellite feed.<br /> <br /> == Targeted broadcasts ==<br /> <br /> Firedrake has been logged on frequencies used by Radio Free Asia and Sound of Hope. The jammer is typically used against broadcasts in Chinese targeted to Asia.<br /> <br /> == Example frequencies ==<br /> <br /> These frequencies are in kHz and were logged by HF Underground users or published in the EiBi shortwave schedules (http://www.eibispace.de/). Those wishing to hear Firedrake should try scanning around these frequencies or tuning to scheduled broadcasts known to be jammed rather than only checking specific frequencies. Note that frequencies are not constrained to the shortwave broadcast bands. The Chinese are not known for their rigid conformity to international standardization, agreements or treaties. <br /> <br /> <br /> * 2006: 6145, 7130, 7365, 9350, 9370, 9455, 9680, 9905, 10400, 11700, 11765, 11785, 11940, 12085, 13625, 13675, 13715, 13970, 14600, 15510<br /> * 2007: 7535, 9355, 9680, 9905, 11540, 11765, 11790, 11795, 11945, 12085<br /> * 2008: (no logs)<br /> * 2009: 9000, 10210<br /> * 2010: 8400, 9150, 10300, 11100, 12600, 13300, 14980, 15720<br /> * 2011: 7970, 10300, 11500, 11560, 12160, 12175, 12230, 12600, 13130, 13850, 13970, 14700<br /> * 2012: 11900, 12230, 12320, 12670, 12980, 13430, 13850, 14870<br /> * 2013: 11500, 12980, 13130, 13970, 15900, 16100<br /> * 2014: 9855, 13630, 13780, 15560, 17560<br /> * 2015: 5890, 5970, 6010, 6020, 6095, 7435, 7445, 7505, 9355, 9370, 9410, 9455, 9685, 9745, 9860, 11560, 11945, 13830, 17625, 17810<br /> * 2016: 7250, 9855, 9880, 13630, 13805, 15565, 17560<br /> * 2017: 6080, 7210, 9350, 9355, 9370, 9745, 9780, 9965, 11540, 11560, 11670, 13830, 15250<br /> * 2018: 6080, 9355, 9455, 9745, 9860<br /> * 2020: 9535, 9885, 11785<br /> <br /> Firedrake logs are regularly published in Glenn Hauser's [http://www.worldofradio.com/dxldmid.html DX Listening Digest].<br /> <br /> Recordings: <br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_ns16LwekY Chinese Firedrake Jammer on 13300 kHz]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oqSw3uGFlE8 Chinese Firedrake Jammer - Full Audio]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HAKlWeamTEE Firedrake Jamming from China]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kL0HKhgjIYU Firedrake on 7970kHz]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IjtzyhDlNi4 Firedrake jammer on 10970]<br /> * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LwJgM595p4w Firedrake shortwave radio jammer - Everywhere...]<br /> <br /> Other links:<br /> * [http://www.satdirectory.com/firedrake.html Firedrake - The source of China's Radio Jammer found on Chinasat 6B]<br /> * [http://www.lyngsat.com/ChinaSat-6B.html ChinaSat 6B]<br /> * [http://www.iarums-r1.org/iarums/prcdragon.pdf Fighting the Chinese Government &quot;Firedragon&quot; Music Jammer and Sound of Hope broadcasting, Taiwan]<br /> * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_jamming_in_China Radio jamming in China (wikipedia)]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Firedrake 2020-04-14T12:57:20Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: /* Example frequencies */</p> <hr /> <div>Firedrake (sometimes labeled as &quot;Firedragon&quot;) is the unofficial name of a shortwave broadcast containing loud oriental orchestral music. It exists solely to jam other broadcasts on the same frequency, apparently for censorship. Firedrake broadcasts only contain music; no form of on-air identification has ever been reported. An article on satdirectory.com revealed that the source of the Firedrake shortwave transmissions is a China National Radio satellite feed.<br /> <br /> == Targeted broadcasts ==<br /> <br /> Firedrake has been logged on frequencies used by Radio Free Asia and Sound of Hope. The jammer is typically used against broadcasts in Chinese targeted to Asia.<br /> <br /> == Example frequencies ==<br /> <br /> These frequencies are in kHz and were logged by HF Underground users or published in the EiBi shortwave schedules (http://www.eibispace.de/). Those wishing to hear Firedrake should try scanning around these frequencies or tuning to scheduled broadcasts known to be jammed rather than only checking specific frequencies. Note that frequencies are not constrained to the shortwave broadcast bands. The Chinese are not known for their rigid conformity to international standardization, agreements or treaties. <br /> <br /> <br /> * 2006: 6145, 7130, 7365, 9350, 9370, 9455, 9680, 9905, 10400, 11700, 11765, 11785, 11940, 12085, 13625, 13675, 13715, 13970, 14600, 15510<br /> * 2007: 7535, 9355, 9680, 9905, 11540, 11765, 11790, 11795, 11945, 12085<br /> * 2008: (no logs)<br /> * 2009: 9000, 10210<br /> * 2010: 8400, 9150, 10300, 11100, 12600, 13300, 14980, 15720<br /> * 2011: 7970, 10300, 11500, 11560, 12160, 12175, 12230, 12600, 13130, 13850, 13970, 14700<br /> * 2012: 11900, 12230, 12320, 12670, 12980, 13430, 13850, 14870<br /> * 2013: 11500, 12980, 13130, 13970, 15900, 16100<br /> * 2014: 9855, 13630, 13780, 15560, 17560<br /> * 2015: 5890, 5970, 6010, 6020, 6095, 7435, 7445, 7505, 9355, 9370, 9410, 9455, 9685, 9745, 9860, 11560, 11945, 13830, 17625, 17810<br /> * 2016: 7250, 9855, 9880, 13630, 13805, 15565, 17560<br /> * 2017: 6080, 7210, 9350, 9355, 9370, 9745, 9780, 9965, 11540, 11560, 11670, 13830, 15250<br /> * 2018: 6080, 9355, 9455, 9745, 9860<br /> * 2020: 9885, 11785<br /> <br /> Firedrake logs are regularly published in Glenn Hauser's [http://www.worldofradio.com/dxldmid.html DX Listening Digest].<br /> <br /> Recordings: <br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_ns16LwekY Chinese Firedrake Jammer on 13300 kHz]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oqSw3uGFlE8 Chinese Firedrake Jammer - Full Audio]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HAKlWeamTEE Firedrake Jamming from China]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kL0HKhgjIYU Firedrake on 7970kHz]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IjtzyhDlNi4 Firedrake jammer on 10970]<br /> * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LwJgM595p4w Firedrake shortwave radio jammer - Everywhere...]<br /> <br /> Other links:<br /> * [http://www.satdirectory.com/firedrake.html Firedrake - The source of China's Radio Jammer found on Chinasat 6B]<br /> * [http://www.lyngsat.com/ChinaSat-6B.html ChinaSat 6B]<br /> * [http://www.iarums-r1.org/iarums/prcdragon.pdf Fighting the Chinese Government &quot;Firedragon&quot; Music Jammer and Sound of Hope broadcasting, Taiwan]<br /> * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_jamming_in_China Radio jamming in China (wikipedia)]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Firedrake 2020-04-10T14:09:24Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: /* Example frequencies */</p> <hr /> <div>Firedrake (sometimes labeled as &quot;Firedragon&quot;) is the unofficial name of a shortwave broadcast containing loud oriental orchestral music. It exists solely to jam other broadcasts on the same frequency, apparently for censorship. Firedrake broadcasts only contain music; no form of on-air identification has ever been reported. An article on satdirectory.com revealed that the source of the Firedrake shortwave transmissions is a China National Radio satellite feed.<br /> <br /> == Targeted broadcasts ==<br /> <br /> Firedrake has been logged on frequencies used by Radio Free Asia and Sound of Hope. The jammer is typically used against broadcasts in Chinese targeted to Asia.<br /> <br /> == Example frequencies ==<br /> <br /> These frequencies are in kHz and were logged by HF Underground users or published in the EiBi shortwave schedules (http://www.eibispace.de/). Those wishing to hear Firedrake should try scanning around these frequencies or tuning to scheduled broadcasts known to be jammed rather than only checking specific frequencies. Note that frequencies are not constrained to the shortwave broadcast bands.<br /> <br /> <br /> * 2006: 6145, 7130, 7365, 9350, 9370, 9455, 9680, 9905, 10400, 11700, 11765, 11785, 11940, 12085, 13625, 13675, 13715, 13970, 14600, 15510<br /> * 2007: 7535, 9355, 9680, 9905, 11540, 11765, 11790, 11795, 11945, 12085<br /> * 2008: (no logs)<br /> * 2009: 9000, 10210<br /> * 2010: 8400, 9150, 10300, 11100, 12600, 13300, 14980, 15720<br /> * 2011: 7970, 10300, 11500, 11560, 12160, 12175, 12230, 12600, 13130, 13850, 13970, 14700<br /> * 2012: 11900, 12230, 12320, 12670, 12980, 13430, 13850, 14870<br /> * 2013: 11500, 12980, 13130, 13970, 15900, 16100<br /> * 2014: 9855, 13630, 13780, 15560, 17560<br /> * 2015: 5890, 5970, 6010, 6020, 6095, 7435, 7445, 7505, 9355, 9370, 9410, 9455, 9685, 9745, 9860, 11560, 11945, 13830, 17625, 17810<br /> * 2016: 7250, 9855, 9880, 13630, 13805, 15565, 17560<br /> * 2017: 6080, 7210, 9350, 9355, 9370, 9745, 9780, 9965, 11540, 11560, 11670, 13830, 15250<br /> * 2018: 6080, 9355, 9455, 9745, 9860<br /> * 2020: 11785<br /> <br /> Firedrake logs are regularly published in Glenn Hauser's [http://www.worldofradio.com/dxldmid.html DX Listening Digest].<br /> <br /> Recordings: <br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_ns16LwekY Chinese Firedrake Jammer on 13300 kHz]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oqSw3uGFlE8 Chinese Firedrake Jammer - Full Audio]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HAKlWeamTEE Firedrake Jamming from China]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kL0HKhgjIYU Firedrake on 7970kHz]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IjtzyhDlNi4 Firedrake jammer on 10970]<br /> * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LwJgM595p4w Firedrake shortwave radio jammer - Everywhere...]<br /> <br /> Other links:<br /> * [http://www.satdirectory.com/firedrake.html Firedrake - The source of China's Radio Jammer found on Chinasat 6B]<br /> * [http://www.lyngsat.com/ChinaSat-6B.html ChinaSat 6B]<br /> * [http://www.iarums-r1.org/iarums/prcdragon.pdf Fighting the Chinese Government &quot;Firedragon&quot; Music Jammer and Sound of Hope broadcasting, Taiwan]<br /> * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_jamming_in_China Radio jamming in China (wikipedia)]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Firedrake 2018-04-23T20:23:21Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: /* Example frequencies */</p> <hr /> <div>Firedrake is the unofficial name of a shortwave broadcast containing loud oriental orchestral music. It exists solely to jam other broadcasts on the same frequency, apparently for censorship. Firedrake broadcasts only contain music; no form of on-air identification has ever been reported. An article on satdirectory.com revealed that the source of the Firedrake shortwave transmissions is a China National Radio satellite feed.<br /> <br /> == Targeted broadcasts ==<br /> <br /> Firedrake has been logged on frequencies used by Radio Free Asia and Sound of Hope. The jammer is typically used against broadcasts in Chinese targeted to Asia.<br /> <br /> == Example frequencies ==<br /> <br /> These frequencies are in kHz and were logged by HF Underground users or published in the EiBi shortwave schedules (http://www.eibispace.de/). Those wishing to hear Firedrake should try scanning around these frequencies or tuning to scheduled broadcasts known to be jammed rather than only checking specific frequencies. Note that frequencies are not constrained to the shortwave broadcast bands.<br /> <br /> <br /> * 2006: 6145, 7130, 7365, 9350, 9370, 9455, 9680, 9905, 10400, 11700, 11765, 11785, 11940, 12085, 13625, 13675, 13715, 13970, 14600, 15510<br /> * 2007: 7535, 9355, 9680, 9905, 11540, 11765, 11790, 11795, 11945, 12085<br /> * 2008: (no logs)<br /> * 2009: 9000, 10210<br /> * 2010: 8400, 9150, 10300, 11100, 12600, 13300, 14980, 15720<br /> * 2011: 7970, 10300, 11500, 11560, 12160, 12175, 12230, 12600, 13130, 13850, 13970, 14700<br /> * 2012: 11900, 12230, 12320, 12670, 12980, 13430, 13850, 14870<br /> * 2013: 11500, 12980, 13130, 13970, 15900, 16100<br /> * 2014: 9855, 13630, 13780, 15560, 17560<br /> * 2015: 5890, 5970, 6010, 6020, 6095, 7435, 7445, 7505, 9355, 9370, 9410, 9455, 9685, 9745, 9860, 11560, 11945, 13830, 17625, 17810<br /> * 2016: 7250, 9855, 9880, 13630, 13805, 15565, 17560<br /> * 2017: 6080, 7210, 9350, 9355, 9370, 9745, 9780, 9965, 11540, 11560, 11670, 13830, 15250<br /> * 2018: 6080, 9355, 9455, 9745, 9860<br /> <br /> Firedrake logs are regularly published in Glenn Hauser's [http://www.worldofradio.com/dxldmid.html DX Listening Digest].<br /> <br /> Recordings: <br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_ns16LwekY Chinese Firedrake Jammer on 13300 kHz]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oqSw3uGFlE8 Chinese Firedrake Jammer - Full Audio]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HAKlWeamTEE Firedrake Jamming from China]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kL0HKhgjIYU Firedrake on 7970kHz]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IjtzyhDlNi4 Firedrake jammer on 10970]<br /> * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LwJgM595p4w Firedrake shortwave radio jammer - Everywhere...]<br /> <br /> Other links:<br /> * [http://www.satdirectory.com/firedrake.html Firedrake - The source of China's Radio Jammer found on Chinasat 6B]<br /> * [http://www.lyngsat.com/ChinaSat-6B.html ChinaSat 6B]<br /> * [http://www.iarums-r1.org/iarums/prcdragon.pdf Fighting the Chinese Government &quot;Firedragon&quot; Music Jammer and Sound of Hope broadcasting, Taiwan]<br /> * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_jamming_in_China Radio jamming in China (wikipedia)]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Firedrake 2018-04-23T20:11:30Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: /* Example frequencies */</p> <hr /> <div>Firedrake is the unofficial name of a shortwave broadcast containing loud oriental orchestral music. It exists solely to jam other broadcasts on the same frequency, apparently for censorship. Firedrake broadcasts only contain music; no form of on-air identification has ever been reported. An article on satdirectory.com revealed that the source of the Firedrake shortwave transmissions is a China National Radio satellite feed.<br /> <br /> == Targeted broadcasts ==<br /> <br /> Firedrake has been logged on frequencies used by Radio Free Asia and Sound of Hope. The jammer is typically used against broadcasts in Chinese targeted to Asia.<br /> <br /> == Example frequencies ==<br /> <br /> These frequencies are in kHz and were logged by HF Underground users or published in the EiBi shortwave schedules (http://www.eibispace.de/). Those wishing to hear Firedrake should try scanning around these frequencies or tuning to scheduled broadcasts known to be jammed rather than only checking specific frequencies. Note that frequencies are not constrained to the shortwave broadcast bands.<br /> <br /> <br /> * 2006: 6145, 7130, 7365, 9350, 9370, 9455, 9680, 9905, 10400, 11700, 11765, 11785, 11940, 12085, 13625, 13675, 13715, 13970, 14600, 15510<br /> * 2007: 7535, 9355, 9680, 9905, 11540, 11765, 11790, 11795, 11945, 12085<br /> * 2008: (no logs)<br /> * 2009: 9000, 10210<br /> * 2010: 8400, 9150, 10300, 11100, 12600, 13300, 14980, 15720<br /> * 2011: 7970, 10300, 11500, 11560, 12160, 12175, 12230, 12600, 13130, 13850, 13970, 14700<br /> * 2012: 11900, 12230, 12320, 12670, 12980, 13430, 13850, 14870<br /> * 2013: 11500, 12980, 13130, 13970, 15900, 16100<br /> * 2014: 9855, 13630, 13780, 15560, 17560<br /> * 2015: 5890, 5970, 6010, 6020, 6095, 7435, 7445, 7505, 9355, 9370, 9410, 9455, 9685, 9745, 9860, 11560, 11945, 13830, 17625, 17810<br /> * 2016: 7250, 9855, 9880, 13630, 13805, 15565, 17560<br /> * 2017: 6080, 7210, 9350, 9355, 9370, 9745, 9780, 9965, 11540, 11560, 11670, 13830, 15250<br /> * 2018: 9455, 9745, 9860<br /> <br /> Firedrake logs are regularly published in Glenn Hauser's [http://www.worldofradio.com/dxldmid.html DX Listening Digest].<br /> <br /> Recordings: <br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_ns16LwekY Chinese Firedrake Jammer on 13300 kHz]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oqSw3uGFlE8 Chinese Firedrake Jammer - Full Audio]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HAKlWeamTEE Firedrake Jamming from China]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kL0HKhgjIYU Firedrake on 7970kHz]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IjtzyhDlNi4 Firedrake jammer on 10970]<br /> * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LwJgM595p4w Firedrake shortwave radio jammer - Everywhere...]<br /> <br /> Other links:<br /> * [http://www.satdirectory.com/firedrake.html Firedrake - The source of China's Radio Jammer found on Chinasat 6B]<br /> * [http://www.lyngsat.com/ChinaSat-6B.html ChinaSat 6B]<br /> * [http://www.iarums-r1.org/iarums/prcdragon.pdf Fighting the Chinese Government &quot;Firedragon&quot; Music Jammer and Sound of Hope broadcasting, Taiwan]<br /> * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_jamming_in_China Radio jamming in China (wikipedia)]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Firedrake 2018-01-06T18:57:50Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: /* Example frequencies */</p> <hr /> <div>Firedrake is the unofficial name of a shortwave broadcast containing loud oriental orchestral music. It exists solely to jam other broadcasts on the same frequency, apparently for censorship. Firedrake broadcasts only contain music; no form of on-air identification has ever been reported. An article on satdirectory.com revealed that the source of the Firedrake shortwave transmissions is a China National Radio satellite feed.<br /> <br /> == Targeted broadcasts ==<br /> <br /> Firedrake has been logged on frequencies used by Radio Free Asia and Sound of Hope. The jammer is typically used against broadcasts in Chinese targeted to Asia.<br /> <br /> == Example frequencies ==<br /> <br /> These frequencies are in kHz and were logged by HF Underground users or published in the EiBi shortwave schedules (http://www.eibispace.de/). Those wishing to hear Firedrake should try scanning around these frequencies or tuning to scheduled broadcasts known to be jammed rather than only checking specific frequencies. Note that frequencies are not constrained to the shortwave broadcast bands.<br /> <br /> <br /> * 2006: 6145, 7130, 7365, 9350, 9370, 9455, 9680, 9905, 10400, 11700, 11765, 11785, 11940, 12085, 13625, 13675, 13715, 13970, 14600, 15510<br /> * 2007: 7535, 9355, 9680, 9905, 11540, 11765, 11790, 11795, 11945, 12085<br /> * 2008: (no logs)<br /> * 2009: 9000, 10210<br /> * 2010: 8400, 9150, 10300, 11100, 12600, 13300, 14980, 15720<br /> * 2011: 7970, 10300, 11500, 11560, 12160, 12175, 12230, 12600, 13130, 13850, 13970, 14700<br /> * 2012: 11900, 12230, 12320, 12670, 12980, 13430, 13850, 14870<br /> * 2013: 11500, 12980, 13130, 13970, 15900, 16100<br /> * 2014: 9855, 13630, 13780, 15560, 17560<br /> * 2015: 5890, 5970, 6010, 6020, 6095, 7435, 7445, 7505, 9355, 9370, 9410, 9455, 9685, 9745, 9860, 11560, 11945, 13830, 17625, 17810<br /> * 2016: 7250, 9855, 9880, 13630, 13805, 15565, 17560<br /> * 2017: 6080, 7210, 9350, 9355, 9370, 9745, 9780, 9965, 11540, 11560, 11670, 13830, 15250<br /> * 2018: 9455, 9860<br /> <br /> Firedrake logs are regularly published in Glenn Hauser's [http://www.worldofradio.com/dxldmid.html DX Listening Digest].<br /> <br /> Recordings: <br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_ns16LwekY Chinese Firedrake Jammer on 13300 kHz]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oqSw3uGFlE8 Chinese Firedrake Jammer - Full Audio]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HAKlWeamTEE Firedrake Jamming from China]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kL0HKhgjIYU Firedrake on 7970kHz]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IjtzyhDlNi4 Firedrake jammer on 10970]<br /> * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LwJgM595p4w Firedrake shortwave radio jammer - Everywhere...]<br /> <br /> Other links:<br /> * [http://www.satdirectory.com/firedrake.html Firedrake - The source of China's Radio Jammer found on Chinasat 6B]<br /> * [http://www.lyngsat.com/ChinaSat-6B.html ChinaSat 6B]<br /> * [http://www.iarums-r1.org/iarums/prcdragon.pdf Fighting the Chinese Government &quot;Firedragon&quot; Music Jammer and Sound of Hope broadcasting, Taiwan]<br /> * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_jamming_in_China Radio jamming in China (wikipedia)]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/DGPS 2017-09-07T23:10:01Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div>The Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) transmits correction information that improves the accuracy of the GPS system, from 15 meters to as good as 10 cm. These transmissions are in the 283.5-325.0 kHz band, and are interesting DX targets.<br /> <br /> [[File:Dgps_waterfall.png|200px|thumb|left|A waterfall of the DGPS band]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Stations in the United States and Canada typically transmit on 1 kHz channel steps, while those outside of North America can also use 0.5 kHz channels. Transmissions are at 100 or 200 baud, using MFSK. DGPS Data packets contain a 10 bit ID. This ID is not unique, but using a combination of the ID along with the frequency and baud rate allows the specific station to be identified. Data transmissions are continuous, so it is possible to receive many messages per minute from strong stations, as well as the occasional message from more distant or weaker stations. DGPS stations can be used as propagation beacons, observing when messages from the various stations are being received.<br /> <br /> Software to decode DGPS includes [http://www.blackcatsystems.com/software/dgps_decoding_software_sdr.html Amalgamated DGPS] which is available for Windows and Macintosh computers. Amalgamated DGPS can decode the entire DGPS band from I/Q recording files made by various popular SDR programs. It can also decode portions of the band from either WAVE audio files, or from live audio via a sound input.<br /> <br /> The following is the output from Amalgamated DGPS from a series of I/Q recording files, covering approximately a 24 hour period, as received in Maryland, USA. The list is sorted by the number of received messages (Count) from each station. Many DX stations were received, including from the West Coast and Panama. DGPS stations from Alaska, as well as Europe, have also been received at this location.<br /> <br /> &lt;pre&gt;<br /> Count ID ref1 ref2 kHz Baud City Country Lat Lon km Deg <br /> 3 816 032 033 304.0 100 Aransas Pass, TX United States 27.842 -97.065 2,269 241 <br /> 7 907 304 305 320.0 200 Richmond, BC Canada 49.114 -123.183 3,753 302 <br /> 23 881 262 263 302.0 100 Point Loma, CA United States 32.677 -117.25 3,666 271 <br /> 32 886 272 273 287.0 100 Fort Stevens, OR United States 46.208 -123.96 3,834 297 <br /> 46 828 246 247 301.0 100 Angleton, TX United States 29.301 -95.484 2,046 241 <br /> 62 946 344 345 299.0 200 Rigolet, NL Canada 54.25 -58.5 2,127 34 <br /> 83 918 310 311 286.0 200 Wiarton, ON Canada 44.75 -81.117 656 330 <br /> 498 919 308 309 306.0 200 Cardinal, ON Canada 44.783 -75.417 579 12 <br /> 806 936 332 333 319.0 200 Point Escuminac, NB Canada 47.075 -64.8 1,278 46 <br /> 1037 934 336 337 307.0 200 Fox Island, NS Canada 45.361 -61.097 1,442 59 <br /> 1513 814 028 029 293.0 200 English Turn, LA United States 29.886 -89.947 1,608 231 <br /> 1676 972 901 902 302.0 200 Miraflores Panama 8.993 -79.585 3,425 185 <br /> 2364 927 316 317 309.0 200 Lauzon, QC Canada 46.821 -71.165 920 29 <br /> 2464 937 330 331 298.0 200 Hartlen Point, NS Canada 44.583 -63.45 1,238 60 <br /> 4590 940 338 339 315.0 200 Cape Race, NL Canada 46.661 -53.075 2,076 60 <br /> 5094 944 342 343 310.0 200 Cape Norman, NL Canada 51.509 -55.831 2,091 44 <br /> 5337 830 100 101 296.0 100 Wisconsin, Point WI United States 46.708 -92.025 1,444 308 <br /> 7622 809 018 019 289.0 100 Cape Canaveral, FL United States 28.467 -80.554 1,292 196 <br /> 7861 836 112 113 292.0 200 Cheboygan, MI United States 45.656 -84.475 901 320 <br /> 9198 971 903 904 307.0 200 Gatun Panama 9.261 -79.937 3,398 186 <br /> 10242 839 118 119 322.0 100 Youngstown, NY United States 43.239 -78.972 427 338 <br /> 15109 869 168 169 290.0 200 Louisville, KY United States 38.018 -85.31 745 258 <br /> 15927 925 320 321 313.0 200 Moise, QC Canada 50.202 -66.119 1,443 32 <br /> 16015 865 160 161 320.0 200 Millers Ferry, AL United States 32.095 -87.397 1,262 231 <br /> 16196 864 158 159 317.0 200 St Paul [Alma], MN United States 44.306 -91.906 1,333 297 <br /> 16885 935 334 335 312.0 200 Western Head, NS Canada 43.993 -64.67 1,124 61 <br /> 20834 939 326 327 295.0 200 Partridge Island, NB Canada 45.239 -66.056 1,085 52 <br /> 21937 827 244 245 312.0 200 Tampa, FL United States 27.85 -82.543 1,414 203 <br /> 28094 831 102 103 298.0 100 Upper Keweenaw, MI United States 47.233 -88.628 1,257 316 <br /> 30161 942 340 341 288.0 200 Cape Ray, NL Canada 47.636 -59.241 1,671 52 <br /> 33737 778 192 193 292.0 100 Kensington, SC United States 33.491 -79.349 723 198 <br /> 36717 808 016 017 314.0 200 Card Sound, FL United States 25.442 -80.452 1,619 193 <br /> 38968 806 012 013 289.0 100 Driver, VA United States 36.963 -76.562 307 173 <br /> 44091 929 312 313 296.0 200 St Jean Richelieu, QC Canada 45.324 -73.317 693 24 <br /> 44747 926 318 319 300.0 200 Riviere du Loop, QC Canada 47.762 -69.606 1,073 31 <br /> 46205 803 006 007 293.0 100 Moriches, NY United States 40.794 -72.756 378 70 <br /> 46706 799 044 045 290.0 200 Penobscot, ME United States 44.453 -68.776 858 49 <br /> 46743 771 196 197 294.0 100 New Bern, NC United States 35.181 -77.059 503 181 <br /> 58907 863 156 157 311.0 200 Rock Island IL United States 42.02 -90.231 1,143 287 <br /> 59027 838 116 117 319.0 200 Detroit, MI United States 42.306 -83.103 590 301 <br /> 73240 777 218 219 304.0 200 Mequon, WI United States 43.202 -88.066 1,002 296 <br /> 73891 792 136 137 297.0 200 Bobo, MS United States 34.125 -90.696 1,367 247 <br /> 74725 844 094 095 324.0 200 Hudson Falls, NY United States 43.272 -73.542 489 35 <br /> 74839 870 170 171 309.0 200 Reedy Point, DE United States 39.569 -75.572 121 97 <br /> 75094 772 198 199 306.0 200 Acushnet, MA United States 41.749 -70.889 561 64 <br /> 78252 804 008 009 286.0 200 Sandy Hook, NJ United States 40.475 -74.02 266 70 <br /> 78756 847 058 059 301.0 200 Annapolis, MD United States 39.018 -76.61 82 158 <br /> &lt;/pre&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> # [http://www.blackcatsystems.com/software/dgps_decoding_software_sdr.html Amalgamated DGPS]<br /> # [http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=dgpsMain US Coast Guard DGPS Site]<br /> # [https://www.amsa.gov.au/navigation/services/dgps/ Australian Maritime Safety Authority DGPS]<br /> # [http://www.ccg-gcc.gc.ca/CCG-DGPS/Marine-Differential-Global-Positioning-System Canadian Coast Guard DGPS Site]<br /> # [http://www.wsv.de/fvt/dgps/index.html German DGPS]<br /> # [https://www.nlb.org.uk/dgps/dgps.htm Northern Lighthouse Board DGPS (Scotland &amp; Isle of Man)]<br /> # [https://www.trinityhouse.co.uk/dgps Trinity House DGPS (England, Wales, the Channel Islands and Gibraltar)]<br /> # [http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/pdf/dgps/bcstand/dgpsbst.pdf Broadcast Standard for the USCG DGPS Navigation Service - COMDTINST M16577.1]<br /> # [http://www.sigidwiki.com/images/6/66/Rtcm-sc104-transmission-characteristics-of-marine-differential-gps-stations.pdf Transmission Characteristics of Marine Differential GPS (DGPS) Stations]<br /> # [http://www.ialathree.org/products/technical/index.html IALA Technical area]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/DGPS 2017-09-07T23:09:41Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div>The Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) transmits correction information that improves the accuracy of the GPS system, from 15 meters to as good as 10 cm. These transmissions are in the 283.5-325.0 kHz band, and are interesting DX targets.<br /> <br /> [[File:Dgps_waterfall.png|200px|thumb|left|A waterfall of the DGPS band]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Stations in the United States and Canada typically transmit on 1 kHz channel steps, while those outside of North America can also use 0.5 kHz channels. Transmissions are at 100 or 200 baud, using MFSK. DGPS Data packets contain a 10 bit ID. This ID is not unique, but using a combination of the ID along with the frequency and baud rate allows the specific station to be identified. Data transmissions are continuous, so it is possible to receive many messages per minute from strong stations, as well as the occasional message from more distant or weaker stations. DGPS stations can be used as propagation beacons, observing when messages from the various stations are being received.<br /> <br /> Software to decode DGPS includes [http://www.blackcatsystems.com/software/dgps_decoding_software_sdr.html Amalgamated DGPS] which is available for Windows and Macintosh computers. Amalgamated DGPS can decode the entire DGPS band from I/Q recording files made by various popular SDR programs. It can also decode portions of the band from either WAVE audio files, or from live audio via a sound input.<br /> <br /> The following is the output from Amalgamated DGPS from a series of I/Q recording files, covering approximately a 24 hour period, as received in Maryland, USA. The list is sorted by the number of received messages (Count) from each station. Many DX stations were received, including from the West Coast and Panama. DGPS stations from Alaska, as well as Europe, have also been received at this location.<br /> <br /> &lt;pre&gt;<br /> Count ID ref1 ref2 kHz Baud City Country Lat Lon km Deg <br /> 3 816 032 033 304.0 100 Aransas Pass, TX United States 27.842 -97.065 2,269 241 <br /> 7 907 304 305 320.0 200 Richmond, BC Canada 49.114 -123.183 3,753 302 <br /> 23 881 262 263 302.0 100 Point Loma, CA United States 32.677 -117.25 3,666 271 <br /> 32 886 272 273 287.0 100 Fort Stevens, OR United States 46.208 -123.96 3,834 297 <br /> 46 828 246 247 301.0 100 Angleton, TX United States 29.301 -95.484 2,046 241 <br /> 62 946 344 345 299.0 200 Rigolet, NL Canada 54.25 -58.5 2,127 34 <br /> 83 918 310 311 286.0 200 Wiarton, ON Canada 44.75 -81.117 656 330 <br /> 498 919 308 309 306.0 200 Cardinal, ON Canada 44.783 -75.417 579 12 <br /> 806 936 332 333 319.0 200 Point Escuminac, NB Canada 47.075 -64.8 1,278 46 <br /> 1037 934 336 337 307.0 200 Fox Island, NS Canada 45.361 -61.097 1,442 59 <br /> 1513 814 028 029 293.0 200 English Turn, LA United States 29.886 -89.947 1,608 231 <br /> 1676 972 901 902 302.0 200 Miraflores Panama 8.993 -79.585 3,425 185 <br /> 2364 927 316 317 309.0 200 Lauzon, QC Canada 46.821 -71.165 920 29 <br /> 2464 937 330 331 298.0 200 Hartlen Point, NS Canada 44.583 -63.45 1,238 60 <br /> 4590 940 338 339 315.0 200 Cape Race, NL Canada 46.661 -53.075 2,076 60 <br /> 5094 944 342 343 310.0 200 Cape Norman, NL Canada 51.509 -55.831 2,091 44 <br /> 5337 830 100 101 296.0 100 Wisconsin, Point WI United States 46.708 -92.025 1,444 308 <br /> 7622 809 018 019 289.0 100 Cape Canaveral, FL United States 28.467 -80.554 1,292 196 <br /> 7861 836 112 113 292.0 200 Cheboygan, MI United States 45.656 -84.475 901 320 <br /> 9198 971 903 904 307.0 200 Gatun Panama 9.261 -79.937 3,398 186 <br /> 10242 839 118 119 322.0 100 Youngstown, NY United States 43.239 -78.972 427 338 <br /> 15109 869 168 169 290.0 200 Louisville, KY United States 38.018 -85.31 745 258 <br /> 15927 925 320 321 313.0 200 Moise, QC Canada 50.202 -66.119 1,443 32 <br /> 16015 865 160 161 320.0 200 Millers Ferry, AL United States 32.095 -87.397 1,262 231 <br /> 16196 864 158 159 317.0 200 St Paul [Alma], MN United States 44.306 -91.906 1,333 297 <br /> 16885 935 334 335 312.0 200 Western Head, NS Canada 43.993 -64.67 1,124 61 <br /> 20834 939 326 327 295.0 200 Partridge Island, NB Canada 45.239 -66.056 1,085 52 <br /> 21937 827 244 245 312.0 200 Tampa, FL United States 27.85 -82.543 1,414 203 <br /> 28094 831 102 103 298.0 100 Upper Keweenaw, MI United States 47.233 -88.628 1,257 316 <br /> 30161 942 340 341 288.0 200 Cape Ray, NL Canada 47.636 -59.241 1,671 52 <br /> 33737 778 192 193 292.0 100 Kensington, SC United States 33.491 -79.349 723 198 <br /> 36717 808 016 017 314.0 200 Card Sound, FL United States 25.442 -80.452 1,619 193 <br /> 38968 806 012 013 289.0 100 Driver, VA United States 36.963 -76.562 307 173 <br /> 44091 929 312 313 296.0 200 St Jean Richelieu, QC Canada 45.324 -73.317 693 24 <br /> 44747 926 318 319 300.0 200 Riviere du Loop, QC Canada 47.762 -69.606 1,073 31 <br /> 46205 803 006 007 293.0 100 Moriches, NY United States 40.794 -72.756 378 70 <br /> 46706 799 044 045 290.0 200 Penobscot, ME United States 44.453 -68.776 858 49 <br /> 46743 771 196 197 294.0 100 New Bern, NC United States 35.181 -77.059 503 181 <br /> 58907 863 156 157 311.0 200 Rock Island IL United States 42.02 -90.231 1,143 287 <br /> 59027 838 116 117 319.0 200 Detroit, MI United States 42.306 -83.103 590 301 <br /> 73240 777 218 219 304.0 200 Mequon, WI United States 43.202 -88.066 1,002 296 <br /> 73891 792 136 137 297.0 200 Bobo, MS United States 34.125 -90.696 1,367 247 <br /> 74725 844 094 095 324.0 200 Hudson Falls, NY United States 43.272 -73.542 489 35 <br /> 74839 870 170 171 309.0 200 Reedy Point, DE United States 39.569 -75.572 121 97 <br /> 75094 772 198 199 306.0 200 Acushnet, MA United States 41.749 -70.889 561 64 <br /> 78252 804 008 009 286.0 200 Sandy Hook, NJ United States 40.475 -74.02 266 70 <br /> 78756 847 058 059 301.0 200 Annapolis, MD United States 39.018 -76.61 82 158 <br /> &lt;/pre&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> # [http://www.blackcatsystems.com/software/dgps_decoding_software_sdr.html Amalgamated DGPS]<br /> # [http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=dgpsMain US Coast Guard DGPS Site]<br /> # [https://www.amsa.gov.au/navigation/services/dgps/ Australian Maritime Safety Authority DGPS]<br /> # [http://www.ccg-gcc.gc.ca/CCG-DGPS/Marine-Differential-Global-Positioning-System Canadian Coast Guard DGPS Site]<br /> # [http://www.wsv.de/fvt/dgps/index.html German DGPS]<br /> # [https://www.nlb.org.uk/dgps/dgps.htm Northern Lighthouse Board DGPS (Scotland &amp; Isle of Man)]<br /> # [https://www.trinityhouse.co.uk/dgps Trinity House DGPS (England, Wales, the Channel Islands and Gibraltar)]<br /> # [Commissioners of Irish Lights (Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland)]<br /> # [http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/pdf/dgps/bcstand/dgpsbst.pdf Broadcast Standard for the USCG DGPS Navigation Service - COMDTINST M16577.1]<br /> # [http://www.sigidwiki.com/images/6/66/Rtcm-sc104-transmission-characteristics-of-marine-differential-gps-stations.pdf Transmission Characteristics of Marine Differential GPS (DGPS) Stations]<br /> # [http://www.ialathree.org/products/technical/index.html IALA Technical area]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/NIST_Digital_Archives 2017-09-07T02:34:15Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: </p> <hr /> <div>The [https://www.nist.gov U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology] (NIST) was founded in 1901 and is now part of the U.S. Department of Commerce. NIST is one of the nation's oldest physical science laboratories. Congress established the agency to remove a major challenge to U.S. industrial competitiveness at the time—a second-rate measurement infrastructure that lagged behind the capabilities of the United Kingdom, Germany, and other economic rivals.<br /> <br /> <br /> Since their inception, they have studied a wide variety of topics and have produced many research papers on the subjects. Many of the papers have been archived and are available online at the [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org NIST Digital Archive].<br /> <br /> <br /> Below is a sampling of the research papers related to radio. There are far more than the below list and this is a only a sample to get started. Click on the NIST Digital Archive link above to do your own searching.<br /> <br /> <br /> Radio Propagation<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/148765 Some observations of short-period radio fading (RP70)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/141905 Field-intensity measurements at frequencies from 285 to 5,400 kilocycles per second (RP429)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/81683 Studies of natural electric and magnetic fields (Paper 64D4-73)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/81371 Effects of high-altitude nuclear explosions on radio noise (Paper 64D1-35)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/80044 Measurement of the attenuation of radio signals by jungles (Paper 68D8-388)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/80562 Wave hop theory of long distance propagation of low-frequency radio waves (Paper 68D12-432)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/84676 Electrical conductivity of the Great Lakes]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82412 Propagation studies using direction-finding techniques]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/94555 An analysis of within-the-hour fading in 100- to 1,000-Mc transmissions]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/137639 An analysis of continuous records of field intensity at broadcast frequencies (RP752)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/84366 Some implications of aircraft interference patterns in troposcatter reception (Paper 67D4-276)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/80603 Spatial properties of the amplitude fading of continuous HF radio waves]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16009coll74/id/4397 Nuclear Tests Affect Radio Noise (STR-2443)]<br /> <br /> <br /> The Ionosphere (aka Kennelly-Heaviside Layer)<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/151082 Kennelly-Heaviside layer height observations for 4,045 and 8,650 kc (RP246)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/142865 Preliminary note on an automatic recorder giving a continuous height record of the Kennelly-Heaviside layer (RP373)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/143345 Investigations of Kennelly-Heaviside layer heights for frequencies between 1,600 and 8,650 kilocycles per second (RP390)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139937 The cause and elimination of night effects in radio range-beacon reception (RP513)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/138668 Continuous measurements of the virtual heights of the ionosphere (RP582)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/137957 Studies of the ionosphere and their application to radio transmission (RP632)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/113322 Characteristics of the ionosphere and their application to radio transmission (RP1001)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/105099 Field equipment for ionosphere measurements (RP1384)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/83908 Very-low-frequency radio propagation in the ionosphere (Paper 66D6-226)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82810 On the analysis of LF Ionospheric radio propagation phenomena]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16009coll74/id/409 Winds in the Ionosphere (TR1611)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82598 Frequency dependence of D-region scattering at VHF (Paper 65D5-146)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82677 The Solar Wind]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82499 Statistics of a radio wave diffracted by a random ionosphere (Paper 63D3-130)]<br /> <br /> <br /> Antennas<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/95806 A 600-Ohm multiple-wire delta antenna for ionosphere studies (RP2094)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/83180 A survey of the very wide band and frequency independent antennas-1945 to the present]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/81942 Cylindrical antenna theory]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/84354 Optimum reception pattern of the Beverage wave antenna at very low frequencies (67D4-274)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/86751 Theory of coil antennas (Paper 69D7-534)]<br /> <br /> <br /> The Solar Eclipse Impact on Radio Propagation<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139555 Radio observations of the Bureau of Standards during the solar eclipse of August 31, 1932 (RP629)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/114644 Ionosphere studies during partial solar eclipse of February 3, 1935 RP(868)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/109139 Predictions of normal radio critical frequencies related to solar eclipses in 1940 (RP1279)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/85913 D-region absorption at 10 and 15 mc/s during the total solar eclipse of July 20, 1963 (Paper 69D7-527)]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/NIST_Digital_Archives 2017-09-07T02:24:32Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: </p> <hr /> <div>The [https://www.nist.gov U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology] (NIST) was founded in 1901 and is now part of the U.S. Department of Commerce. NIST is one of the nation's oldest physical science laboratories. Congress established the agency to remove a major challenge to U.S. industrial competitiveness at the time—a second-rate measurement infrastructure that lagged behind the capabilities of the United Kingdom, Germany, and other economic rivals.<br /> <br /> <br /> Since their inception, they have studied a wide variety of topics and have produced many research papers on the subjects. Many of the papers have been archived and are available online at the [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org NIST Digital Archive].<br /> <br /> <br /> Below is a sampling of the research papers related to radio. There are far more than the below list and this is a only a sample to get started. Click on the NIST Digital Archive link above to do your own searching.<br /> <br /> <br /> Radio Propagation<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/148765 Some observations of short-period radio fading (RP70)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/141905 Field-intensity measurements at frequencies from 285 to 5,400 kilocycles per second (RP429)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/81683 Studies of natural electric and magnetic fields (Paper 64D4-73)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/81371 Effects of high-altitude nuclear explosions on radio noise (Paper 64D1-35)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/80044 Measurement of the attenuation of radio signals by jungles (Paper 68D8-388)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/80562 Wave hop theory of long distance propagation of low-frequency radio waves (Paper 68D12-432)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/84676 Electrical conductivity of the Great Lakes]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82412 Propagation studies using direction-finding techniques]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/94555 An analysis of within-the-hour fading in 100- to 1,000-Mc transmissions]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/137639 An analysis of continuous records of field intensity at broadcast frequencies (RP752)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/84366 Some implications of aircraft interference patterns in troposcatter reception (Paper 67D4-276)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/80603 Spatial properties of the amplitude fading of continuous HF radio waves]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16009coll74/id/4397 Nuclear Tests Affect Radio Noise (STR-2443)]<br /> <br /> <br /> The Ionosphere (aka Kennelly-Heaviside Layer)<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/151082 Kennelly-Heaviside layer height observations for 4,045 and 8,650 kc (RP246)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/142865 Preliminary note on an automatic recorder giving a continuous height record of the Kennelly-Heaviside layer (RP373)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/143345 Investigations of Kennelly-Heaviside layer heights for frequencies between 1,600 and 8,650 kilocycles per second (RP390)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139937 The cause and elimination of night effects in radio range-beacon reception (RP513)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/138668 Continuous measurements of the virtual heights of the ionosphere (RP582)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/137957 Studies of the ionosphere and their application to radio transmission (RP632)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/113322 Characteristics of the ionosphere and their application to radio transmission (RP1001)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/105099 Field equipment for ionosphere measurements (RP1384)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/83908 Very-low-frequency radio propagation in the ionosphere (Paper 66D6-226)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82810 On the analysis of LF Ionospheric radio propagation phenomena]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16009coll74/id/409 Winds in the Ionosphere (TR1611)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82598 Frequency dependence of D-region scattering at VHF (Paper 65D5-146)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82677 The Solar Wind]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82499 Statistics of a radio wave diffracted by a random ionosphere (Paper 63D3-130)]<br /> <br /> <br /> Antennas<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/95806 A 600-Ohm multiple-wire delta antenna for ionosphere studies (RP2094)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/83180 A survey of the very wide band and frequency independent antennas-1945 to the present]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/81942 Cylindrical antenna theory]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/84354 Optimum reception pattern of the Beverage wave antenna at very low frequencies (67D4-274)]<br /> <br /> <br /> The Solar Eclipse Impact on Radio Propagation<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139555 Radio observations of the Bureau of Standards during the solar eclipse of August 31, 1932 (RP629)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/114644 Ionosphere studies during partial solar eclipse of February 3, 1935 RP(868)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/109139 Predictions of normal radio critical frequencies related to solar eclipses in 1940 (RP1279)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/85913 D-region absorption at 10 and 15 mc/s during the total solar eclipse of July 20, 1963 (Paper 69D7-527)]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/NIST_Digital_Archives 2017-09-07T02:20:20Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: </p> <hr /> <div>The [https://www.nist.gov U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology] (NIST) was founded in 1901 and is now part of the U.S. Department of Commerce. NIST is one of the nation's oldest physical science laboratories. Congress established the agency to remove a major challenge to U.S. industrial competitiveness at the time—a second-rate measurement infrastructure that lagged behind the capabilities of the United Kingdom, Germany, and other economic rivals.<br /> <br /> <br /> Since their inception, they have studied a wide variety of topics and have produced many research papers on the subjects. Many of the papers have been archived and are available online at the [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org NIST Digital Archive].<br /> <br /> <br /> Below is a sampling of the research papers related to radio. There are far more than the below list and this is a only a sample to get started. Click on the NIST Digital Archive link above to do your own searching.<br /> <br /> <br /> Radio Propagation<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/148765 Some observations of short-period radio fading (RP70)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/141905 Field-intensity measurements at frequencies from 285 to 5,400 kilocycles per second (RP429)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/81683 Studies of natural electric and magnetic fields (Paper 64D4-73)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/81371 Effects of high-altitude nuclear explosions on radio noise (Paper 64D1-35)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/80044 Measurement of the attenuation of radio signals by jungles (Paper 68D8-388)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/80562 Wave hop theory of long distance propagation of low-frequency radio waves (Paper 68D12-432)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/84676 Electrical conductivity of the Great Lakes]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82412 Propagation studies using direction-finding techniques]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/94555 An analysis of within-the-hour fading in 100- to 1,000-Mc transmissions]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/137639 An analysis of continuous records of field intensity at broadcast frequencies (RP752)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/84366 Some implications of aircraft interference patterns in troposcatter reception (Paper 67D4-276)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/80603 Spatial properties of the amplitude fading of continuous HF radio waves]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> The Ionosphere (aka Kennelly-Heaviside Layer)<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/151082 Kennelly-Heaviside layer height observations for 4,045 and 8,650 kc (RP246)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/142865 Preliminary note on an automatic recorder giving a continuous height record of the Kennelly-Heaviside layer (RP373)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/143345 Investigations of Kennelly-Heaviside layer heights for frequencies between 1,600 and 8,650 kilocycles per second (RP390)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139937 The cause and elimination of night effects in radio range-beacon reception (RP513)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/138668 Continuous measurements of the virtual heights of the ionosphere (RP582)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/137957 Studies of the ionosphere and their application to radio transmission (RP632)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/113322 Characteristics of the ionosphere and their application to radio transmission (RP1001)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/105099 Field equipment for ionosphere measurements (RP1384)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/83908 Very-low-frequency radio propagation in the ionosphere (Paper 66D6-226)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82810 On the analysis of LF Ionospheric radio propagation phenomena]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16009coll74/id/409 Winds in the Ionosphere (TR1611)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82598 Frequency dependence of D-region scattering at VHF (Paper 65D5-146)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82677 The Solar Wind]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82499 Statistics of a radio wave diffracted by a random ionosphere (Paper 63D3-130)]<br /> <br /> <br /> Antennas<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/95806 A 600-Ohm multiple-wire delta antenna for ionosphere studies (RP2094)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/83180 A survey of the very wide band and frequency independent antennas-1945 to the present]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/81942 Cylindrical antenna theory]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/84354 Optimum reception pattern of the Beverage wave antenna at very low frequencies (67D4-274)]<br /> <br /> <br /> The Solar Eclipse Impact on Radio Propagation<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139555 Radio observations of the Bureau of Standards during the solar eclipse of August 31, 1932 (RP629)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/114644 Ionosphere studies during partial solar eclipse of February 3, 1935 RP(868)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/109139 Predictions of normal radio critical frequencies related to solar eclipses in 1940 (RP1279)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/85913 D-region absorption at 10 and 15 mc/s during the total solar eclipse of July 20, 1963 (Paper 69D7-527)]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/NIST_Digital_Archives 2017-09-07T02:19:20Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: </p> <hr /> <div>The [https://www.nist.gov U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology] (NIST) was founded in 1901 and is now part of the U.S. Department of Commerce. NIST is one of the nation's oldest physical science laboratories. Congress established the agency to remove a major challenge to U.S. industrial competitiveness at the time—a second-rate measurement infrastructure that lagged behind the capabilities of the United Kingdom, Germany, and other economic rivals.<br /> <br /> <br /> Since their inception, they have studied a wide variety of topics and have produced many research papers on the subjects. Many of the papers have been archived and are available online at the [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org NIST Digital Archive].<br /> <br /> <br /> Below are a sampling of the research papers related to radio. This is by no means their entire selection, but a only a sample to get started. Click on the NIST Digital Archive link above to do your own searching.<br /> <br /> <br /> Radio Propagation<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/148765 Some observations of short-period radio fading (RP70)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/141905 Field-intensity measurements at frequencies from 285 to 5,400 kilocycles per second (RP429)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/81683 Studies of natural electric and magnetic fields (Paper 64D4-73)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/81371 Effects of high-altitude nuclear explosions on radio noise (Paper 64D1-35)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/80044 Measurement of the attenuation of radio signals by jungles (Paper 68D8-388)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/80562 Wave hop theory of long distance propagation of low-frequency radio waves (Paper 68D12-432)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/84676 Electrical conductivity of the Great Lakes]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82412 Propagation studies using direction-finding techniques]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/94555 An analysis of within-the-hour fading in 100- to 1,000-Mc transmissions]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/137639 An analysis of continuous records of field intensity at broadcast frequencies (RP752)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/84366 Some implications of aircraft interference patterns in troposcatter reception (Paper 67D4-276)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/80603 Spatial properties of the amplitude fading of continuous HF radio waves]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> The Ionosphere (aka Kennelly-Heaviside Layer)<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/151082 Kennelly-Heaviside layer height observations for 4,045 and 8,650 kc (RP246)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/142865 Preliminary note on an automatic recorder giving a continuous height record of the Kennelly-Heaviside layer (RP373)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/143345 Investigations of Kennelly-Heaviside layer heights for frequencies between 1,600 and 8,650 kilocycles per second (RP390)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139937 The cause and elimination of night effects in radio range-beacon reception (RP513)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/138668 Continuous measurements of the virtual heights of the ionosphere (RP582)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/137957 Studies of the ionosphere and their application to radio transmission (RP632)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/113322 Characteristics of the ionosphere and their application to radio transmission (RP1001)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/105099 Field equipment for ionosphere measurements (RP1384)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/83908 Very-low-frequency radio propagation in the ionosphere (Paper 66D6-226)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82810 On the analysis of LF Ionospheric radio propagation phenomena]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16009coll74/id/409 Winds in the Ionosphere (TR1611)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82598 Frequency dependence of D-region scattering at VHF (Paper 65D5-146)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82677 The Solar Wind]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82499 Statistics of a radio wave diffracted by a random ionosphere (Paper 63D3-130)]<br /> <br /> <br /> Antennas<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/95806 A 600-Ohm multiple-wire delta antenna for ionosphere studies (RP2094)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/83180 A survey of the very wide band and frequency independent antennas-1945 to the present]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/81942 Cylindrical antenna theory]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/84354 Optimum reception pattern of the Beverage wave antenna at very low frequencies (67D4-274)]<br /> <br /> <br /> The Solar Eclipse Impact on Radio Propagation<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139555 Radio observations of the Bureau of Standards during the solar eclipse of August 31, 1932 (RP629)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/114644 Ionosphere studies during partial solar eclipse of February 3, 1935 RP(868)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/109139 Predictions of normal radio critical frequencies related to solar eclipses in 1940 (RP1279)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/85913 D-region absorption at 10 and 15 mc/s during the total solar eclipse of July 20, 1963 (Paper 69D7-527)]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/NIST_Digital_Archives 2017-09-07T02:16:05Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: </p> <hr /> <div>The [https://www.nist.gov U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology] (NIST) was founded in 1901 and is now part of the U.S. Department of Commerce. NIST is one of the nation's oldest physical science laboratories. Congress established the agency to remove a major challenge to U.S. industrial competitiveness at the time—a second-rate measurement infrastructure that lagged behind the capabilities of the United Kingdom, Germany, and other economic rivals.<br /> <br /> <br /> Since their inception, they have studied a wide variety of topics and have produced many research papers on the subjects. Many of the papers have been archived and are available online at the [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org NIST Digital Archive].<br /> <br /> <br /> Below are a sampling of the research papers related to radio. This is by no means their entire selection, but a only a sample to get started. Click on the NIST Digital Archive link above to do your own searching.<br /> <br /> <br /> Radio Propagation<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/148765 Some observations of short-period radio fading (RP70)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/81683 Studies of natural electric and magnetic fields (Paper 64D4-73)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/81371 Effects of high-altitude nuclear explosions on radio noise (Paper 64D1-35)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/80044 Measurement of the attenuation of radio signals by jungles (Paper 68D8-388)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/80562 Wave hop theory of long distance propagation of low-frequency radio waves (Paper 68D12-432)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/84676 Electrical conductivity of the Great Lakes]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82412 Propagation studies using direction-finding techniques]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/94555 An analysis of within-the-hour fading in 100- to 1,000-Mc transmissions]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/137639 An analysis of continuous records of field intensity at broadcast frequencies (RP752)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/84366 Some implications of aircraft interference patterns in troposcatter reception (Paper 67D4-276)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/80603 Spatial properties of the amplitude fading of continuous HF radio waves]<br /> <br /> <br /> The Ionosphere (aka Kennelly-Heaviside Layer)<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/151082 Kennelly-Heaviside layer height observations for 4,045 and 8,650 kc (RP246)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/142865 Preliminary note on an automatic recorder giving a continuous height record of the Kennelly-Heaviside layer (RP373)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/143345 Investigations of Kennelly-Heaviside layer heights for frequencies between 1,600 and 8,650 kilocycles per second (RP390)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139937 The cause and elimination of night effects in radio range-beacon reception (RP513)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/138668 Continuous measurements of the virtual heights of the ionosphere (RP582)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/137957 Studies of the ionosphere and their application to radio transmission (RP632)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/113322 Characteristics of the ionosphere and their application to radio transmission (RP1001)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/105099 Field equipment for ionosphere measurements (RP1384)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/83908 Very-low-frequency radio propagation in the ionosphere (Paper 66D6-226)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82810 On the analysis of LF Ionospheric radio propagation phenomena]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16009coll74/id/409 Winds in the Ionosphere (TR1611)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82598 Frequency dependence of D-region scattering at VHF (Paper 65D5-146)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82677 The Solar Wind]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82499 Statistics of a radio wave diffracted by a random ionosphere (Paper 63D3-130)]<br /> <br /> <br /> Antennas<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/95806 A 600-Ohm multiple-wire delta antenna for ionosphere studies (RP2094)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/83180 A survey of the very wide band and frequency independent antennas-1945 to the present]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/81942 Cylindrical antenna theory]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/84354 Optimum reception pattern of the Beverage wave antenna at very low frequencies (67D4-274)]<br /> <br /> <br /> The Solar Eclipse Impact on Radio Propagation<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139555 Radio observations of the Bureau of Standards during the solar eclipse of August 31, 1932 (RP629)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/114644 Ionosphere studies during partial solar eclipse of February 3, 1935 RP(868)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/109139 Predictions of normal radio critical frequencies related to solar eclipses in 1940 (RP1279)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/85913 D-region absorption at 10 and 15 mc/s during the total solar eclipse of July 20, 1963 (Paper 69D7-527)]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/NIST_Digital_Archives 2017-09-07T02:11:03Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: </p> <hr /> <div>The [https://www.nist.gov U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology] (NIST) was founded in 1901 and is now part of the U.S. Department of Commerce. NIST is one of the nation's oldest physical science laboratories. Congress established the agency to remove a major challenge to U.S. industrial competitiveness at the time—a second-rate measurement infrastructure that lagged behind the capabilities of the United Kingdom, Germany, and other economic rivals.<br /> <br /> <br /> Since their inception, they have studied a wide variety of topics and have produced many research papers on the subjects. Many of the papers have been archived and are available online at the [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org NIST Digital Archive].<br /> <br /> <br /> Below are a sampling of the research papers related to radio. This is by no means their entire selection, but a only a sample to get started. Click on the NIST Digital Archive link above to do your own searching.<br /> <br /> <br /> Radio Propagation<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/148765 Some observations of short-period radio fading (RP70)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/81683 Studies of natural electric and magnetic fields (Paper 64D4-73)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/81371 Effects of high-altitude nuclear explosions on radio noise (Paper 64D1-35)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/80044 Measurement of the attenuation of radio signals by jungles (Paper 68D8-388)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/80562 Wave hop theory of long distance propagation of low-frequency radio waves (Paper 68D12-432)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/84676 Electrical conductivity of the Great Lakes]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82412 Propagation studies using direction-finding techniques]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/94555 An analysis of within-the-hour fading in 100- to 1,000-Mc transmissions]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/137639 An analysis of continuous records of field intensity at broadcast frequencies (RP752)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/84366 Some implications of aircraft interference patterns in troposcatter reception (Paper 67D4-276)]<br /> <br /> <br /> The Ionosphere (aka Kennelly-Heaviside Layer)<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/151082 Kennelly-Heaviside layer height observations for 4,045 and 8,650 kc (RP246)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/142865 Preliminary note on an automatic recorder giving a continuous height record of the Kennelly-Heaviside layer (RP373)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/143345 Investigations of Kennelly-Heaviside layer heights for frequencies between 1,600 and 8,650 kilocycles per second (RP390)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139937 The cause and elimination of night effects in radio range-beacon reception (RP513)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/138668 Continuous measurements of the virtual heights of the ionosphere (RP582)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/137957 Studies of the ionosphere and their application to radio transmission (RP632)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/105099 Field equipment for ionosphere measurements (RP1384)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/83908 Very-low-frequency radio propagation in the ionosphere (Paper 66D6-226)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82810 On the analysis of LF Ionospheric radio propagation phenomena]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16009coll74/id/409 Winds in the Ionosphere (TR1611)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82598 Frequency dependence of D-region scattering at VHF (Paper 65D5-146)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82677 The Solar Wind]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82499 Statistics of a radio wave diffracted by a random ionosphere (Paper 63D3-130)]<br /> <br /> <br /> Antennas<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/95806 A 600-Ohm multiple-wire delta antenna for ionosphere studies (RP2094)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/83180 A survey of the very wide band and frequency independent antennas-1945 to the present]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/81942 Cylindrical antenna theory]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/84354 Optimum reception pattern of the Beverage wave antenna at very low frequencies (67D4-274)]<br /> <br /> <br /> The Solar Eclipse Impact on Radio Propagation<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139555 Radio observations of the Bureau of Standards during the solar eclipse of August 31, 1932 (RP629)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/114644 Ionosphere studies during partial solar eclipse of February 3, 1935 RP(868)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/109139 Predictions of normal radio critical frequencies related to solar eclipses in 1940 (RP1279)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/85913 D-region absorption at 10 and 15 mc/s during the total solar eclipse of July 20, 1963 (Paper 69D7-527)]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/NIST_Digital_Archives 2017-09-07T02:04:38Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: </p> <hr /> <div>The [https://www.nist.gov U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology] (NIST) was founded in 1901 and is now part of the U.S. Department of Commerce. NIST is one of the nation's oldest physical science laboratories. Congress established the agency to remove a major challenge to U.S. industrial competitiveness at the time—a second-rate measurement infrastructure that lagged behind the capabilities of the United Kingdom, Germany, and other economic rivals.<br /> <br /> <br /> Since their inception, they have studied a wide variety of topics and have produced many research papers on the subjects. Many of the papers have been archived and are available online at the [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org NIST Digital Archive].<br /> <br /> <br /> Below are a sampling of the research papers related to radio. This is by no means their entire selection, but a only a sample to get started. Click on the NIST Digital Archive link above to do your own searching.<br /> <br /> <br /> Radio Propagation<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/81683 Studies of natural electric and magnetic fields (Paper 64D4-73)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/81371 Effects of high-altitude nuclear explosions on radio noise (Paper 64D1-35)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/80044 Measurement of the attenuation of radio signals by jungles (Paper 68D8-388)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/80562 Wave hop theory of long distance propagation of low-frequency radio waves (Paper 68D12-432)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/84676 Electrical conductivity of the Great Lakes]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82412 Propagation studies using direction-finding techniques]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/94555 An analysis of within-the-hour fading in 100- to 1,000-Mc transmissions]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/137639 An analysis of continuous records of field intensity at broadcast frequencies (RP752)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/84366 Some implications of aircraft interference patterns in troposcatter reception (Paper 67D4-276)]<br /> <br /> <br /> The Ionosphere (aka Kennelly-Heaviside Layer)<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/151082 Kennelly-Heaviside layer height observations for 4,045 and 8,650 kc (RP246)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/142865 Preliminary note on an automatic recorder giving a continuous height record of the Kennelly-Heaviside layer (RP373)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/143345 Investigations of Kennelly-Heaviside layer heights for frequencies between 1,600 and 8,650 kilocycles per second (RP390)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139937 The cause and elimination of night effects in radio range-beacon reception (RP513)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/138668 Continuous measurements of the virtual heights of the ionosphere (RP582)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/137957 Studies of the ionosphere and their application to radio transmission (RP632)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/105099 Field equipment for ionosphere measurements (RP1384)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/83908 Very-low-frequency radio propagation in the ionosphere (Paper 66D6-226)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82810 On the analysis of LF Ionospheric radio propagation phenomena]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16009coll74/id/409 Winds in the Ionosphere (TR1611)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82598 Frequency dependence of D-region scattering at VHF (Paper 65D5-146)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82677 The Solar Wind]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82499 Statistics of a radio wave diffracted by a random ionosphere (Paper 63D3-130)]<br /> <br /> <br /> Antennas<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/95806 A 600-Ohm multiple-wire delta antenna for ionosphere studies (RP2094)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/83180 A survey of the very wide band and frequency independent antennas-1945 to the present]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/81942 Cylindrical antenna theory]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/84354 Optimum reception pattern of the Beverage wave antenna at very low frequencies (67D4-274)]<br /> <br /> <br /> The Solar Eclipse Impact on Radio Propagation<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139555 Radio observations of the Bureau of Standards during the solar eclipse of August 31, 1932 (RP629)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/114644 Ionosphere studies during partial solar eclipse of February 3, 1935 RP(868)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/109139 Predictions of normal radio critical frequencies related to solar eclipses in 1940 (RP1279)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/85913 D-region absorption at 10 and 15 mc/s during the total solar eclipse of July 20, 1963 (Paper 69D7-527)]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/NIST_Digital_Archives 2017-09-07T01:58:07Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: </p> <hr /> <div>The [https://www.nist.gov U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology] (NIST) was founded in 1901 and is now part of the U.S. Department of Commerce. NIST is one of the nation's oldest physical science laboratories. Congress established the agency to remove a major challenge to U.S. industrial competitiveness at the time—a second-rate measurement infrastructure that lagged behind the capabilities of the United Kingdom, Germany, and other economic rivals.<br /> <br /> <br /> Since their inception, they have studied a wide variety of topics and have produced many research papers on the subjects. Many of the papers have been archived and are available online at the [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org NIST Digital Archive].<br /> <br /> <br /> Below are a sampling of the research papers related to radio. This is by no means their entire selection, but a only a sample to get started. Click on the NIST Digital Archive link above to do your own searching.<br /> <br /> <br /> Radio Propagation<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/81683 Studies of natural electric and magnetic fields (Paper 64D4-73)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/81371 Effects of high-altitude nuclear explosions on radio noise (Paper 64D1-35)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/80044 Measurement of the attenuation of radio signals by jungles (Paper 68D8-388)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/80562 Wave hop theory of long distance propagation of low-frequency radio waves (Paper 68D12-432)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/84676 Electrical conductivity of the Great Lakes]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82412 Propagation studies using direction-finding techniques]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/94555 An analysis of within-the-hour fading in 100- to 1,000-Mc transmissions]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/137639 An analysis of continuous records of field intensity at broadcast frequencies (RP752)]<br /> <br /> <br /> The Ionosphere (aka Kennelly-Heaviside Layer)<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/151082 Kennelly-Heaviside layer height observations for 4,045 and 8,650 kc (RP246)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/142865 Preliminary note on an automatic recorder giving a continuous height record of the Kennelly-Heaviside layer (RP373)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/143345 Investigations of Kennelly-Heaviside layer heights for frequencies between 1,600 and 8,650 kilocycles per second (RP390)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139937 The cause and elimination of night effects in radio range-beacon reception (RP513)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/138668 Continuous measurements of the virtual heights of the ionosphere (RP582)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/137957 Studies of the ionosphere and their application to radio transmission (RP632)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/105099 Field equipment for ionosphere measurements (RP1384)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/83908 Very-low-frequency radio propagation in the ionosphere (Paper 66D6-226)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82810 On the analysis of LF Ionospheric radio propagation phenomena]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16009coll74/id/409 Winds in the Ionosphere (TR1611)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82598 Frequency dependence of D-region scattering at VHF (Paper 65D5-146)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82677 The Solar Wind]<br /> <br /> <br /> Antennas<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/95806 A 600-Ohm multiple-wire delta antenna for ionosphere studies (RP2094)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/83180 A survey of the very wide band and frequency independent antennas-1945 to the present]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/81942 Cylindrical antenna theory]<br /> <br /> <br /> The Solar Eclipse Impact on Radio Propagation<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139555 Radio observations of the Bureau of Standards during the solar eclipse of August 31, 1932 (RP629)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/114644 Ionosphere studies during partial solar eclipse of February 3, 1935 RP(868)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/109139 Predictions of normal radio critical frequencies related to solar eclipses in 1940 (RP1279)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/85913 D-region absorption at 10 and 15 mc/s during the total solar eclipse of July 20, 1963 (Paper 69D7-527)]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/NIST_Digital_Archives 2017-09-07T01:50:02Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: </p> <hr /> <div>The [https://www.nist.gov U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology] (NIST) was founded in 1901 and is now part of the U.S. Department of Commerce. NIST is one of the nation's oldest physical science laboratories. Congress established the agency to remove a major challenge to U.S. industrial competitiveness at the time—a second-rate measurement infrastructure that lagged behind the capabilities of the United Kingdom, Germany, and other economic rivals.<br /> <br /> <br /> Since their inception, they have studied a wide variety of topics and have produced many research papers on the subjects. Many of the papers have been archived and are available online at the [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org NIST Digital Archive].<br /> <br /> <br /> Below are a sampling of the research papers related to radio. This is by no means their entire selection, but a only a sample to get started. Click on the NIST Digital Archive link above to do your own searching.<br /> <br /> <br /> Radio Propagation<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/81683 Studies of natural electric and magnetic fields (Paper 64D4-73)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/81371 Effects of high-altitude nuclear explosions on radio noise (Paper 64D1-35)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/80044 Measurement of the attenuation of radio signals by jungles (Paper 68D8-388)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/80562 Wave hop theory of long distance propagation of low-frequency radio waves (Paper 68D12-432)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/84676 Electrical conductivity of the Great Lakes]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82412 Propagation studies using direction-finding techniques]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/94555 An analysis of within-the-hour fading in 100- to 1,000-Mc transmissions]<br /> <br /> <br /> The Ionosphere (aka Kennelly-Heaviside Layer)<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/151082 Kennelly-Heaviside layer height observations for 4,045 and 8,650 kc (RP246)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/142865 Preliminary note on an automatic recorder giving a continuous height record of the Kennelly-Heaviside layer (RP373)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/143345 Investigations of Kennelly-Heaviside layer heights for frequencies between 1,600 and 8,650 kilocycles per second (RP390)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139937 The cause and elimination of night effects in radio range-beacon reception (RP513)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/138668 Continuous measurements of the virtual heights of the ionosphere (RP582)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/137957 Studies of the ionosphere and their application to radio transmission (RP632)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/105099 Field equipment for ionosphere measurements (RP1384)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/83908 Very-low-frequency radio propagation in the ionosphere (Paper 66D6-226)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82810 On the analysis of LF Ionospheric radio propagation phenomena]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16009coll74/id/409 Winds in the Ionosphere (TR1611)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82598 Frequency dependence of D-region scattering at VHF (Paper 65D5-146)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82677 The Solar Wind]<br /> <br /> <br /> The Solar Eclipse Impact on Radio Propagation<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139555 Radio observations of the Bureau of Standards during the solar eclipse of August 31, 1932 (RP629)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/114644 Ionosphere studies during partial solar eclipse of February 3, 1935 RP(868)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/109139 Predictions of normal radio critical frequencies related to solar eclipses in 1940 (RP1279)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/85913 D-region absorption at 10 and 15 mc/s during the total solar eclipse of July 20, 1963 (Paper 69D7-527)]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/NIST_Digital_Archives 2017-09-07T01:36:36Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: </p> <hr /> <div>The [https://www.nist.gov U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology] (NIST) was founded in 1901 and is now part of the U.S. Department of Commerce. NIST is one of the nation's oldest physical science laboratories. Congress established the agency to remove a major challenge to U.S. industrial competitiveness at the time—a second-rate measurement infrastructure that lagged behind the capabilities of the United Kingdom, Germany, and other economic rivals.<br /> <br /> <br /> Since their inception, they have studied a wide variety of topics and have produced many research papers on the subjects. Many of the papers have been archived and are available online at the [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org NIST Digital Archive].<br /> <br /> <br /> Below are a sampling of the research papers related to radio. This is by no means their entire selection, but a only a sample to get started. Click on the NIST Digital Archive link above to do your own searching.<br /> <br /> <br /> Radio Propagation<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/81683 Studies of natural electric and magnetic fields (Paper 64D4-73)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/81371 Effects of high-altitude nuclear explosions on radio noise (Paper 64D1-35)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/80044 Measurement of the attenuation of radio signals by jungles (Paper 68D8-388)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/80562 Wave hop theory of long distance propagation of low-frequency radio waves (Paper 68D12-432)]<br /> <br /> <br /> The Ionosphere (aka Kennelly-Heaviside Layer)<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/151082 Kennelly-Heaviside layer height observations for 4,045 and 8,650 kc (RP246)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/142865 Preliminary note on an automatic recorder giving a continuous height record of the Kennelly-Heaviside layer (RP373)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/143345 Investigations of Kennelly-Heaviside layer heights for frequencies between 1,600 and 8,650 kilocycles per second (RP390)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139937 The cause and elimination of night effects in radio range-beacon reception (RP513)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/138668 Continuous measurements of the virtual heights of the ionosphere (RP582)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/137957 Studies of the ionosphere and their application to radio transmission (RP632)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/105099 Field equipment for ionosphere measurements (RP1384)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/83908 Very-low-frequency radio propagation in the ionosphere (Paper 66D6-226)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82810 On the analysis of LF Ionospheric radio propagation phenomena]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16009coll74/id/409 Winds in the Ionosphere (TR1611)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82598 Frequency dependence of D-region scattering at VHF (Paper 65D5-146)]<br /> <br /> <br /> The Solar Eclipse Impact on Radio Propagation<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139555 Radio observations of the Bureau of Standards during the solar eclipse of August 31, 1932 (RP629)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/114644 Ionosphere studies during partial solar eclipse of February 3, 1935 RP(868)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/109139 Predictions of normal radio critical frequencies related to solar eclipses in 1940 (RP1279)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/85913 D-region absorption at 10 and 15 mc/s during the total solar eclipse of July 20, 1963 (Paper 69D7-527)]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/NIST_Digital_Archives 2017-09-07T01:33:08Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: </p> <hr /> <div>The [https://www.nist.gov U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology] (NIST) was founded in 1901 and is now part of the U.S. Department of Commerce. NIST is one of the nation's oldest physical science laboratories. Congress established the agency to remove a major challenge to U.S. industrial competitiveness at the time—a second-rate measurement infrastructure that lagged behind the capabilities of the United Kingdom, Germany, and other economic rivals.<br /> <br /> <br /> Since their inception, they have studied a wide variety of topics and have produced many research papers on the subjects. Many of the papers have been archived and are available online at the [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org NIST Digital Archive].<br /> <br /> <br /> Below are a sampling of the research papers related to radio. This is by no means their entire selection, but a only a sample to get started. Click on the NIST Digital Archive link above to do your own searching.<br /> <br /> <br /> Radio Propagation<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/81683 Studies of natural electric and magnetic fields (Paper 64D4-73)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/81371 Effects of high-altitude nuclear explosions on radio noise (Paper 64D1-35)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/80044 Measurement of the attenuation of radio signals by jungles (Paper 68D8-388)]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> The Ionosphere (aka Kennelly-Heaviside Layer)<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/151082 Kennelly-Heaviside layer height observations for 4,045 and 8,650 kc (RP246)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/142865 Preliminary note on an automatic recorder giving a continuous height record of the Kennelly-Heaviside layer (RP373)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/143345 Investigations of Kennelly-Heaviside layer heights for frequencies between 1,600 and 8,650 kilocycles per second (RP390)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139937 The cause and elimination of night effects in radio range-beacon reception (RP513)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/138668 Continuous measurements of the virtual heights of the ionosphere (RP582)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/137957 Studies of the ionosphere and their application to radio transmission (RP632)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/105099 Field equipment for ionosphere measurements (RP1384)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/83908 Very-low-frequency radio propagation in the ionosphere (Paper 66D6-226)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/82810 On the analysis of LF Ionospheric radio propagation phenomena]<br /> <br /> <br /> The Solar Eclipse Impact on Radio Propagation<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139555 Radio observations of the Bureau of Standards during the solar eclipse of August 31, 1932 (RP629)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/114644 Ionosphere studies during partial solar eclipse of February 3, 1935 RP(868)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/109139 Predictions of normal radio critical frequencies related to solar eclipses in 1940 (RP1279)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/85913 D-region absorption at 10 and 15 mc/s during the total solar eclipse of July 20, 1963 (Paper 69D7-527)]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Main_Page 2017-09-07T01:14:44Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: </p> <hr /> <div>Welcome to HFUnderground.com, aka the HFU. This site is dedicated to documenting longwave, mediumwave, and shortwave stations, including broadcasters, utility/military stations, pirate radio and spy numbers stations. <br /> <br /> '''Be sure to visit the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/ HF Underground Message Board] for the latest reception reports and news about pirate and other shortwave radio stations.<br /> '''<br /> <br /> Everyone who is a radio enthusiast is encouraged to add information to the site. Just become a registered user, and you can start to contribute!<br /> <br /> *[[Radio Hobby Related Software]]<br /> *[[Amateur radio|Amateur (ham) radio]]<br /> *[[DXing]]<br /> *[[Pirate radio stations]]<br /> *[[Pirate radio station email addresses]]<br /> *[[Pirate QSL Collection]]<br /> *[[Pirate Radio New Listener Guide and FAQ]]<br /> *[[:Category:People]]<br /> *[[Signal Identification]]<br /> *[[Shortwave Broadcast Stations]]<br /> *[[Shortwave jammers]]<br /> *[[Shortwave Utility Stations]]<br /> *[[Spy numbers stations]]<br /> *[[Mediumwave Broadcast Stations]]<br /> *[[Mediumwave Utility Stations]]<br /> *[[Longwave Broadcast Stations]]<br /> *[[Longwave Utility Stations]]<br /> *[[VHF / UHF Radio]]<br /> *[[CB|CB and Freebanding]]<br /> *[[Miscellaneous]]<br /> *[[RTL-SDR]]<br /> *[[Technical Topics]]<br /> *[[NIST_Digital_Archives|NIST Digital Archives]]<br /> *[[Part_15_Beacons|Part 15 Beacons]]<br /> *Radio Related [[Blogs]] <br /> <br /> '''[[:Category:Main topics]]''':Top level category of articles and images.<br /> <br /> [http://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/Special:Recentchanges?feed=rss Recent Changes RSS Feed]<br /> <br /> [http://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/Special:Newpages?feed=rss New Pages RSS Feed]<br /> <br /> <br /> == Internet Relay Chat ==<br /> <br /> Many pirate and other radio enthusiasts hang out on the #PirateRadio and #WUNClub IRC (Internet Relay Chat) channels on the StarChat network.<br /> This is a place where you can chat with fellow listeners, as well as share monitoring catches in real time.<br /> <br /> Joining the chat is fairly easy. You can use the online chat below until you get an IRC client.<br /> The Java chat requires a browser with Java enabled.<br /> <br /> [http://www.starchat.net/chat/?chan=PirateRadio Click here to be taken to the #PirateRadio chat]<br /> <br /> [http://www.starchat.net/chat/?chan=WUNClub Click here to be taken to the #WUNClub chat]<br /> <br /> [http://www.starchat.net/chat/?chan=mid-atlantic-scan Click here to be taken to the #mid-atlantic-scan chat] (Mid Atlantic VHF/UHF Radio Scanning)</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Main_Page 2017-09-07T01:14:06Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: </p> <hr /> <div>Welcome to HFUnderground.com, aka the HFU. This site is dedicated to documenting longwave, mediumwave, and shortwave stations, including broadcasters, utility/military stations, pirate radio and spy numbers stations. <br /> <br /> '''Be sure to visit the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/ HF Underground Message Board] for the latest reception reports and news about pirate and other shortwave radio stations.<br /> '''<br /> <br /> Everyone who is a radio enthusiast is encouraged to add information to the site. Just become a registered user, and you can start to contribute!<br /> <br /> *[[Radio Hobby Related Software]]<br /> *[[Amateur radio|Amateur (ham) radio]]<br /> *[[DXing]]<br /> *[[Pirate radio stations]]<br /> *[[Pirate radio station email addresses]]<br /> *[[Pirate QSL Collection]]<br /> *[[Pirate Radio New Listener Guide and FAQ]]<br /> *[[:Category:People]]<br /> *[[Signal Identification]]<br /> *[[Shortwave Broadcast Stations]]<br /> *[[Shortwave jammers]]<br /> *[[Shortwave Utility Stations]]<br /> *[[Spy numbers stations]]<br /> *[[Mediumwave Broadcast Stations]]<br /> *[[Mediumwave Utility Stations]]<br /> *[[Longwave Broadcast Stations]]<br /> *[[Longwave Utility Stations]]<br /> *[[VHF / UHF Radio]]<br /> *[[CB|CB and Freebanding]]<br /> *[[Miscellaneous]]<br /> *[[RTL-SDR]]<br /> *[[Technical Topics]]<br /> *[[NIST_Digital_Archives|NIST Digital Archives]]<br /> *[[Part_15_Beacons]]<br /> *Radio Related [[Blogs]] <br /> <br /> '''[[:Category:Main topics]]''':Top level category of articles and images.<br /> <br /> [http://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/Special:Recentchanges?feed=rss Recent Changes RSS Feed]<br /> <br /> [http://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/Special:Newpages?feed=rss New Pages RSS Feed]<br /> <br /> <br /> == Internet Relay Chat ==<br /> <br /> Many pirate and other radio enthusiasts hang out on the #PirateRadio and #WUNClub IRC (Internet Relay Chat) channels on the StarChat network.<br /> This is a place where you can chat with fellow listeners, as well as share monitoring catches in real time.<br /> <br /> Joining the chat is fairly easy. You can use the online chat below until you get an IRC client.<br /> The Java chat requires a browser with Java enabled.<br /> <br /> [http://www.starchat.net/chat/?chan=PirateRadio Click here to be taken to the #PirateRadio chat]<br /> <br /> [http://www.starchat.net/chat/?chan=WUNClub Click here to be taken to the #WUNClub chat]<br /> <br /> [http://www.starchat.net/chat/?chan=mid-atlantic-scan Click here to be taken to the #mid-atlantic-scan chat] (Mid Atlantic VHF/UHF Radio Scanning)</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Main_Page 2017-09-07T01:12:18Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: </p> <hr /> <div>Welcome to HFUnderground.com, aka the HFU. This site is dedicated to documenting longwave, mediumwave, and shortwave stations, including broadcasters, utility/military stations, pirate radio and spy numbers stations. <br /> <br /> '''Be sure to visit the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/ HF Underground Message Board] for the latest reception reports and news about pirate and other shortwave radio stations.<br /> '''<br /> <br /> Everyone who is a radio enthusiast is encouraged to add information to the site. Just become a registered user, and you can start to contribute!<br /> <br /> *[[Radio Hobby Related Software]]<br /> *[[Amateur radio|Amateur (ham) radio]]<br /> *[[DXing]]<br /> *[[Pirate radio stations]]<br /> *[[Pirate radio station email addresses]]<br /> *[[Pirate QSL Collection]]<br /> *[[Pirate Radio New Listener Guide and FAQ]]<br /> *[[:Category:People]]<br /> *[[Signal Identification]]<br /> *[[Shortwave Broadcast Stations]]<br /> *[[Shortwave jammers]]<br /> *[[Shortwave Utility Stations]]<br /> *[[Spy numbers stations]]<br /> *[[Mediumwave Broadcast Stations]]<br /> *[[Mediumwave Utility Stations]]<br /> *[[Longwave Broadcast Stations]]<br /> *[[Longwave Utility Stations]]<br /> *[[VHF / UHF Radio]]<br /> *[[CB|CB and Freebanding]]<br /> *[[Miscellaneous]]<br /> *[[RTL-SDR]]<br /> *[[Technical Topics]]<br /> *[[NIST_Digital_Archives]]<br /> *[[Part_15_Beacons]]<br /> *Radio Related [[Blogs]] <br /> <br /> '''[[:Category:Main topics]]''':Top level category of articles and images.<br /> <br /> [http://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/Special:Recentchanges?feed=rss Recent Changes RSS Feed]<br /> <br /> [http://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/Special:Newpages?feed=rss New Pages RSS Feed]<br /> <br /> <br /> == Internet Relay Chat ==<br /> <br /> Many pirate and other radio enthusiasts hang out on the #PirateRadio and #WUNClub IRC (Internet Relay Chat) channels on the StarChat network.<br /> This is a place where you can chat with fellow listeners, as well as share monitoring catches in real time.<br /> <br /> Joining the chat is fairly easy. You can use the online chat below until you get an IRC client.<br /> The Java chat requires a browser with Java enabled.<br /> <br /> [http://www.starchat.net/chat/?chan=PirateRadio Click here to be taken to the #PirateRadio chat]<br /> <br /> [http://www.starchat.net/chat/?chan=WUNClub Click here to be taken to the #WUNClub chat]<br /> <br /> [http://www.starchat.net/chat/?chan=mid-atlantic-scan Click here to be taken to the #mid-atlantic-scan chat] (Mid Atlantic VHF/UHF Radio Scanning)</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/NIST_Digital_Archives 2017-09-07T01:11:07Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: </p> <hr /> <div>The [https://www.nist.gov U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology] (NIST) was founded in 1901 and is now part of the U.S. Department of Commerce. NIST is one of the nation's oldest physical science laboratories. Congress established the agency to remove a major challenge to U.S. industrial competitiveness at the time—a second-rate measurement infrastructure that lagged behind the capabilities of the United Kingdom, Germany, and other economic rivals.<br /> <br /> <br /> Since their inception, they have studied a wide variety of topics and have produced many research papers on the subjects. Many of the papers have been archived and are available online at the [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org NIST Digital Archive].<br /> <br /> <br /> Below are a sampling of the research papers related to radio. This is by no means their entire selection, but a only a sample to get started. Click on the NIST Digital Archive link above to do your own searching.<br /> <br /> <br /> The Ionosphere (aka Kennelly-Heaviside Layer)<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/151082 Kennelly-Heaviside layer height observations for 4,045 and 8,650 kc (RP246)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/142865 Preliminary note on an automatic recorder giving a continuous height record of the Kennelly-Heaviside layer (RP373)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/143345 Investigations of Kennelly-Heaviside layer heights for frequencies between 1,600 and 8,650 kilocycles per second (RP390)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139937 The cause and elimination of night effects in radio range-beacon reception (RP513)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/138668 Continuous measurements of the virtual heights of the ionosphere (RP582)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/137957 Studies of the ionosphere and their application to radio transmission (RP632)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/105099 Field equipment for ionosphere measurements (RP1384)]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> The Solar Eclipse Impact on Radio Propagation<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139555 Radio observations of the Bureau of Standards during the solar eclipse of August 31, 1932 (RP629)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/114644 Ionosphere studies during partial solar eclipse of February 3, 1935 RP(868)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/109139 Predictions of normal radio critical frequencies related to solar eclipses in 1940 (RP1279)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/85913 D-region absorption at 10 and 15 mc/s during the total solar eclipse of July 20, 1963 (Paper 69D7-527)]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/NIST_Digital_Archives 2017-09-07T01:02:55Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: </p> <hr /> <div>The [https://www.nist.gov U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology] (NIST) was founded in 1901 and is now part of the U.S. Department of Commerce. NIST is one of the nation's oldest physical science laboratories. Congress established the agency to remove a major challenge to U.S. industrial competitiveness at the time—a second-rate measurement infrastructure that lagged behind the capabilities of the United Kingdom, Germany, and other economic rivals.<br /> <br /> <br /> Since their inception, they have studied a wide variety of topics and have produced many research papers on the subjects. Many of the papers have been archived and are available online at the [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org NIST Digital Archive].<br /> <br /> <br /> Below are a sampling of the research papers related to radio. This is by no means their entire selection, but a only a sample to get started. Click on the NIST Digital Archive link above to do your own searching.<br /> <br /> <br /> The Ionosphere (aka Kennelly-Heaviside Layer)<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/151082 Kennelly-Heaviside layer height observations for 4,045 and 8,650 kc (RP246)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/142865 Preliminary note on an automatic recorder giving a continuous height record of the Kennelly-Heaviside layer (RP373)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/143345 Investigations of Kennelly-Heaviside layer heights for frequencies between 1,600 and 8,650 kilocycles per second (RP390)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139937 The cause and elimination of night effects in radio range-beacon reception (RP513)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/138668 Continuous measurements of the virtual heights of the ionosphere (RP582)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/137957 Studies of the ionosphere and their application to radio transmission (RP632)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/105099 Field equipment for ionosphere measurements (RP1384)]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Radio Propagation and the Solar Eclipse<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139555 Radio observations of the Bureau of Standards during the solar eclipse of August 31, 1932 (RP629)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/114644 Ionosphere studies during partial solar eclipse of February 3, 1935 RP(868)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/109139 Predictions of normal radio critical frequencies related to solar eclipses in 1940 (RP1279)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/85913 D-region absorption at 10 and 15 mc/s during the total solar eclipse of July 20, 1963 (Paper 69D7-527)]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/NIST_Digital_Archives 2017-09-07T00:55:45Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: </p> <hr /> <div>The [https://www.nist.gov U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology] (NIST) was founded in 1901 and is now part of the U.S. Department of Commerce. NIST is one of the nation's oldest physical science laboratories. Congress established the agency to remove a major challenge to U.S. industrial competitiveness at the time—a second-rate measurement infrastructure that lagged behind the capabilities of the United Kingdom, Germany, and other economic rivals.<br /> <br /> <br /> Since their inception, they have studied a wide variety of topics and have produced many research papers on the subjects. Many of the papers have been archived and are available online at the [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org NIST Digital Archive].<br /> <br /> <br /> Below are a sampling of the research papers related to radio. This is by no means their entire selection, but a only a sample to get started. Click on the NIST Digital Archive link above to do your own searching.<br /> <br /> <br /> The Ionosphere (aka Kennelly-Heaviside Layer)<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/151082 Kennelly-Heaviside layer height observations for 4,045 and 8,650 kc (RP246)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/142865 Preliminary note on an automatic recorder giving a continuous height record of the Kennelly-Heaviside layer (RP373)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/143345 Investigations of Kennelly-Heaviside layer heights for frequencies between 1,600 and 8,650 kilocycles per second (RP390)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139937 The cause and elimination of night effects in radio range-beacon reception (RP513)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/138668 Continuous measurements of the virtual heights of the ionosphere (RP582)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/137957 Studies of the ionosphere and their application to radio transmission (RP632)]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/105099 Field equipment for ionosphere measurements (RP1384)]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Radio Propagation and the Solar Eclipse<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139555 Radio observations of the Bureau of Standards during the solar eclipse of August 31, 1932]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/114644 Ionosphere studies during partial solar eclipse of February 3, 1935]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/109139 Predictions of normal radio critical frequencies related to solar eclipses in 1940]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/85913 D-region absorption at 10 and 15 mc/s during the total solar eclipse of July 20, 1963]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/NIST_Digital_Archives 2017-09-07T00:52:31Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: </p> <hr /> <div>The [https://www.nist.gov U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology] (NIST) was founded in 1901 and is now part of the U.S. Department of Commerce. NIST is one of the nation's oldest physical science laboratories. Congress established the agency to remove a major challenge to U.S. industrial competitiveness at the time—a second-rate measurement infrastructure that lagged behind the capabilities of the United Kingdom, Germany, and other economic rivals.<br /> <br /> <br /> Since their inception, they have studied a wide variety of topics and have produced many research papers on the subjects. Many of the papers have been archived and are available online at the [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org NIST Digital Archive].<br /> <br /> <br /> Below are a sampling of the research papers related to radio. This is by no means their entire selection, but a only a sample to get started. Click on the NIST Digital Archive link above to do your own searching.<br /> <br /> <br /> The Ionosphere (aka Kennelly-Heaviside Layer)<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/137957 Studies of the ionosphere and their application to radio transmission]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/142865 Preliminary note on an automatic recorder giving a continuous height record of the Kennelly-Heaviside layer]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/138668 Continuous measurements of the virtual heights of the ionosphere]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/143345 Investigations of Kennelly-Heaviside layer heights for frequencies between 1,600 and 8,650 kilocycles per second]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/151082 Kennelly-Heaviside layer height observations for 4,045 and 8,650 kc]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139937 The cause and elimination of night effects in radio range-beacon reception]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/105099 Field equipment for ionosphere measurements (RP1384)]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Radio Propagation and the Solar Eclipse<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139555 Radio observations of the Bureau of Standards during the solar eclipse of August 31, 1932]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/114644 Ionosphere studies during partial solar eclipse of February 3, 1935]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/109139 Predictions of normal radio critical frequencies related to solar eclipses in 1940]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/85913 D-region absorption at 10 and 15 mc/s during the total solar eclipse of July 20, 1963]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/NIST_Digital_Archives 2017-09-07T00:49:05Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: </p> <hr /> <div>The [https://www.nist.gov U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology] (NIST) was founded in 1901 and is now part of the U.S. Department of Commerce. NIST is one of the nation's oldest physical science laboratories. Congress established the agency to remove a major challenge to U.S. industrial competitiveness at the time—a second-rate measurement infrastructure that lagged behind the capabilities of the United Kingdom, Germany, and other economic rivals.<br /> <br /> <br /> Since their inception, they have studied a wide variety of topics and have produced many research papers on the subjects. Many of the papers have been archived and are available online at the [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org NIST Digital Archive].<br /> <br /> <br /> Below are a sampling of the research papers related to radio. This is by no means their entire selection, but a only a sample to get started. Click on the NIST Digital Archive link above to do your own searching.<br /> <br /> <br /> The Ionosphere (aka Kennelly-Heaviside Layer)<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/137957 Studies of the ionosphere and their application to radio transmission]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/142865 Preliminary note on an automatic recorder giving a continuous height record of the Kennelly-Heaviside layer]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/138668 Continuous measurements of the virtual heights of the ionosphere]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/143345 Investigations of Kennelly-Heaviside layer heights for frequencies between 1,600 and 8,650 kilocycles per second]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/151082 Kennelly-Heaviside layer height observations for 4,045 and 8,650 kc]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139937 The cause and elimination of night effects in radio range-beacon reception]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Radio Propagation and the Solar Eclipse<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139555 Radio observations of the Bureau of Standards during the solar eclipse of August 31, 1932]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/114644 Ionosphere studies during partial solar eclipse of February 3, 1935]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/109139 Predictions of normal radio critical frequencies related to solar eclipses in 1940]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/85913 D-region absorption at 10 and 15 mc/s during the total solar eclipse of July 20, 1963]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/NIST_Digital_Archives 2017-09-07T00:45:40Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: </p> <hr /> <div>The [https://www.nist.gov U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology] (NIST) was founded in 1901 and is now part of the U.S. Department of Commerce. NIST is one of the nation's oldest physical science laboratories. Congress established the agency to remove a major challenge to U.S. industrial competitiveness at the time—a second-rate measurement infrastructure that lagged behind the capabilities of the United Kingdom, Germany, and other economic rivals.<br /> <br /> <br /> Since their inception, they have studied a wide variety of topics and have produced many research papers on the subjects. Many of the papers have been archived and are available online at the [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org NIST Digital Archive].<br /> <br /> <br /> Below are a sampling of the research papers related to radio. This is by no means their entire selection, but a only a sample to get started. Click on the NIST Digital Archive link above to do your own searching.<br /> <br /> <br /> The Ionosphere (aka Kennelly-Heaviside Layer)<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/137957 Studies of the ionosphere and their application to radio transmission]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/142865 Preliminary note on an automatic recorder giving a continuous height record of the Kennelly-Heaviside layer]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/138668 Continuous measurements of the virtual heights of the ionosphere]<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Radio Propagation and the Solar Eclipse<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/139555 Radio observations of the Bureau of Standards during the solar eclipse of August 31, 1932]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/114644 Ionosphere studies during partial solar eclipse of February 3, 1935]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/109139 Predictions of normal radio critical frequencies related to solar eclipses in 1940]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p13011coll6/id/85913 D-region absorption at 10 and 15 mc/s during the total solar eclipse of July 20, 1963]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/NIST_Digital_Archives 2017-09-07T00:36:56Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: </p> <hr /> <div>The [https://www.nist.gov U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology] (NIST) was founded in 1901 and is now part of the U.S. Department of Commerce. NIST is one of the nation's oldest physical science laboratories. Congress established the agency to remove a major challenge to U.S. industrial competitiveness at the time—a second-rate measurement infrastructure that lagged behind the capabilities of the United Kingdom, Germany, and other economic rivals.<br /> <br /> <br /> Since their inception, they have studied a wide variety of topics and have produced many research papers on the subjects. Many of the papers have been archived and are available online at the [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org NIST Digital Archive].<br /> <br /> <br /> Below are a sampling of the research papers related to radio. This is by no means their entire selection, but a only a sample to get started. Click on the NIST Digital Archive link above to do your own searching.<br /> <br /> <br /> Radio Propagation and the Solar Eclipse<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p13011coll6/id/139555/rec/4 Radio observations of the Bureau of Standards during the solar eclipse of August 31, 1932]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p13011coll6/id/114644/rec/1 Ionosphere studies during partial solar eclipse of February 3, 1935]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p13011coll6/id/109139/rec/3 Predictions of normal radio critical frequencies related to solar eclipses in 1940]<br /> <br /> [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p13011coll6/id/85913/rec/6 D-region absorption at 10 and 15 mc/s during the total solar eclipse of July 20, 1963]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/NIST_Digital_Archives 2017-09-07T00:32:25Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: Created page with &quot;The [https://www.nist.gov U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology] (NIST) was founded in 1901 and is now part of the U.S. Department of Commerce. NIST is one of the n...&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>The [https://www.nist.gov U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology] (NIST) was founded in 1901 and is now part of the U.S. Department of Commerce. NIST is one of the nation's oldest physical science laboratories. Congress established the agency to remove a major challenge to U.S. industrial competitiveness at the time—a second-rate measurement infrastructure that lagged behind the capabilities of the United Kingdom, Germany, and other economic rivals.<br /> <br /> <br /> Since their inception, they have studied a wide variety of topics and have produced many research papers on the subjects. Many of the papers have been archived and are available online at the [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org NIST Digital Archive].<br /> <br /> <br /> Below are a sampling of the research papers related to radio. This is by no means their entire selection, but a only a sample to get started. Click on the NIST Digital Archive link above to do your own searching.</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/UTC 2017-09-07T00:25:26Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: /* External links */</p> <hr /> <div>'''UTC''' is an abbreviation for &quot;Coordinated Universal Time&quot;. For most practical purposes, including shortwave listening, it is the time in Greenwich England. Because of this, it was once known as, and is still sometimes referred to as, &quot;Greenwich Mean Time&quot;, or &quot;GMT&quot;. In the eastern USA, UTC is four hours ahead of local time while daylight savings time is in effect, and five hours ahead when it is not.<br /> <br /> Shortwave stations may be heard simultaneously over large parts of the globe; each area may have a different local time. Referring to these broadcasts using UTC allows everyone, broadcasters and listeners alike, to avoid the overhead and confusion of trying to translate time from one time zone to another. Because of this, broadcast schedules and listeners' signal reports, for pirates and non-pirates, usually use UTC. It is common for [[DXer]]s to keep a clock at hand that is set to UTC, so that schedules can be observed and logs written down without having to translate local time to UTC. A clock can be set to UTC (or local time) to a high degree of accuracy by listening to the station [[WWV]].<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/radio-stations/wwv NIST WWV website]<br /> <br /> [[Category: Radio esoterica]]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Firedrake 2017-08-05T20:05:20Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: /* Example frequencies */</p> <hr /> <div>Firedrake is the unofficial name of a shortwave broadcast containing loud oriental orchestral music. It exists solely to jam other broadcasts on the same frequency, apparently for censorship. Firedrake broadcasts only contain music; no form of on-air identification has ever been reported. An article on satdirectory.com revealed that the source of the Firedrake shortwave transmissions is a China National Radio satellite feed.<br /> <br /> == Targeted broadcasts ==<br /> <br /> Firedrake has been logged on frequencies used by Radio Free Asia and Sound of Hope. The jammer is typically used against broadcasts in Chinese targeted to Asia.<br /> <br /> == Example frequencies ==<br /> <br /> These frequencies are in kHz and were logged by HF Underground users. Those wishing to hear Firedrake should try scanning around these frequencies or tuning to scheduled broadcasts known to be jammed rather than only checking specific frequencies. Note that frequencies are not constrained to the shortwave broadcast bands.<br /> <br /> <br /> * 2006: 6145, 7130, 7365, 9350, 9370, 9455, 9680, 9905, 10400, 11700, 11765, 11785, 11940, 12085, 13625, 13675, 13715, 13970, 14600, 15510<br /> * 2007: 7535, 9355, 9680, 9905, 11540, 11765, 11790, 11795, 11945, 12085<br /> * 2008: (no logs)<br /> * 2009: 9000, 10210<br /> * 2010: (no logs)<br /> * 2011: 7970, 10300, 11500, 11560, 12160, 12175, 12230, 12600, 13130, 13850, 13970, 14700<br /> * 2012: 11900, 12230, 12320, 12670, 12980, 13430, 13850, 14870<br /> * 2013: 11500, 12980, 13130, 13970, 15900, 16100<br /> * 2014: (no logs)<br /> * 2015: 5890, 5970, 6095, 7435, 7445, 7505, 9355, 9370, 9410, 9455, 9685, 9745, 9860, 11560, 11945, 13830, 17625, 17810<br /> * 2016: (no logs)<br /> * 2017: 6080, 7210, 9350, 9355, 9370, 9745, 9780, 9965, 11540, 11560, 11670, 13830, 15250<br /> <br /> Firedrake logs are regularly published in Glenn Hauser's [http://www.worldofradio.com/dxldmid.html DX Listening Digest].<br /> <br /> Recordings: <br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_ns16LwekY Chinese Firedrake Jammer on 13300 kHz]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oqSw3uGFlE8 Chinese Firedrake Jammer - Full Audio]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HAKlWeamTEE Firedrake Jamming from China]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kL0HKhgjIYU Firedrake on 7970kHz]<br /> * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IjtzyhDlNi4 Firedrake jammer on 10970]<br /> * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LwJgM595p4w Firedrake shortwave radio jammer - Everywhere...]<br /> <br /> Other links:<br /> * [http://www.satdirectory.com/firedrake.html Firedrake - The source of China's Radio Jammer found on Chinasat 6B]<br /> * [http://www.lyngsat.com/ChinaSat-6B.html ChinaSat 6B]<br /> * [http://www.iarums-r1.org/iarums/prcdragon.pdf Fighting the Chinese Government &quot;Firedragon&quot; Music Jammer and Sound of Hope broadcasting, Taiwan]<br /> * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_jamming_in_China Radio jamming in China (wikipedia)]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Main_Page 2017-01-14T19:38:50Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: </p> <hr /> <div>Welcome to HFUnderground.com, aka the HFU. This site is dedicated to documenting longwave, mediumwave, and shortwave stations, including broadcasters, utility/military stations, pirate radio and spy numbers stations. <br /> <br /> '''Be sure to visit the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/ HF Underground Message Board] for the latest reception reports and news about pirate and other shortwave radio stations.<br /> '''<br /> <br /> Everyone who is a radio enthusiast is encouraged to add information to the site. Just become a registered user, and you can start to contribute!<br /> <br /> *[[Radio Hobby Related Software]]<br /> *[[Amateur radio|Amateur (ham) radio]]<br /> *[[DXing]]<br /> *[[Pirate radio stations]]<br /> *[[Pirate radio station email addresses]]<br /> *[[Pirate QSL Collection]]<br /> *[[Pirate Radio New Listener Guide and FAQ]]<br /> *[[:Category:People]]<br /> *[[Signal Identification]]<br /> *[[Shortwave Broadcast Stations]]<br /> *[[Shortwave jammers]]<br /> *[[Shortwave Utility Stations]]<br /> *[[Spy numbers stations]]<br /> *[[Mediumwave Broadcast Stations]]<br /> *[[Mediumwave Utility Stations]]<br /> *[[Longwave Broadcast Stations]]<br /> *[[Longwave Utility Stations]]<br /> *[[VHF / UHF Radio]]<br /> *[[CB|CB and Freebanding]]<br /> *[[Miscellaneous]]<br /> *[[RTL-SDR]]<br /> *[[Technical Topics]]<br /> *[[Part_15_Beacons]]<br /> *Radio Related [[Blogs]] <br /> <br /> '''[[:Category:Main topics]]''':Top level category of articles and images.<br /> <br /> [http://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/Special:Recentchanges?feed=rss Recent Changes RSS Feed]<br /> <br /> [http://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/Special:Newpages?feed=rss New Pages RSS Feed]<br /> <br /> <br /> == Internet Relay Chat ==<br /> <br /> Many pirate and other radio enthusiasts hang out on the #PirateRadio and #WUNClub IRC (Internet Relay Chat) channels on the StarChat network.<br /> This is a place where you can chat with fellow listeners, as well as share monitoring catches in real time.<br /> <br /> Joining the chat is fairly easy. You can use the online chat below until you get an IRC client.<br /> The Java chat requires a browser with Java enabled.<br /> <br /> [http://www.starchat.net/chat/?chan=PirateRadio Click here to be taken to the #PirateRadio chat]<br /> <br /> [http://www.starchat.net/chat/?chan=WUNClub Click here to be taken to the #WUNClub chat]<br /> <br /> [http://www.starchat.net/chat/?chan=mid-atlantic-scan Click here to be taken to the #mid-atlantic-scan chat] (Mid Atlantic VHF/UHF Radio Scanning)</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Longwave_Utility_Stations 2017-01-14T19:38:40Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: Created page with &quot;Everything related to long wave utility stations goes here. * DGPS Differential GPS stations. Located in the LW &amp; MW band (283.5 kHz - 325 kHz) along with the NDBs.&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>Everything related to long wave utility stations goes here.<br /> <br /> * [[DGPS]] Differential GPS stations. Located in the LW &amp; MW band (283.5 kHz - 325 kHz) along with the NDBs.</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Mediumwave_Utility_Stations 2017-01-14T19:37:21Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: </p> <hr /> <div>Everything related to medium wave utility stations goes here.<br /> <br /> * [[DGPS]] Differential GPS stations. Located in the LW &amp; MW band (283.5 kHz - 325 kHz) along with the NDBs.</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Main_Page 2017-01-14T19:36:03Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: </p> <hr /> <div>Welcome to HFUnderground.com, aka the HFU. This site is dedicated to documenting longwave, mediumwave, and shortwave stations, including broadcasters, utility/military stations, pirate radio and spy numbers stations. <br /> <br /> '''Be sure to visit the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/ HF Underground Message Board] for the latest reception reports and news about pirate and other shortwave radio stations.<br /> '''<br /> <br /> Everyone who is a radio enthusiast is encouraged to add information to the site. Just become a registered user, and you can start to contribute!<br /> <br /> *[[Radio Hobby Related Software]]<br /> *[[Amateur radio|Amateur (ham) radio]]<br /> *[[DXing]]<br /> *[[Pirate radio stations]]<br /> *[[Pirate radio station email addresses]]<br /> *[[Pirate QSL Collection]]<br /> *[[Pirate Radio New Listener Guide and FAQ]]<br /> *[[:Category:People]]<br /> *[[Signal Identification]]<br /> *[[Shortwave Broadcast Stations]]<br /> *[[Shortwave jammers]]<br /> *[[Shortwave Utility Stations]]<br /> *[[Spy numbers stations]]<br /> *[[Mediumwave Broadcast Stations]]<br /> *[[Mediumwave Utility Stations]]<br /> *[[Longwave Broadcast Stations]]<br /> *[[VHF / UHF Radio]]<br /> *[[CB|CB and Freebanding]]<br /> *[[Miscellaneous]]<br /> *[[RTL-SDR]]<br /> *[[Technical Topics]]<br /> *[[Part_15_Beacons]]<br /> *Radio Related [[Blogs]] <br /> <br /> '''[[:Category:Main topics]]''':Top level category of articles and images.<br /> <br /> [http://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/Special:Recentchanges?feed=rss Recent Changes RSS Feed]<br /> <br /> [http://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/Special:Newpages?feed=rss New Pages RSS Feed]<br /> <br /> <br /> == Internet Relay Chat ==<br /> <br /> Many pirate and other radio enthusiasts hang out on the #PirateRadio and #WUNClub IRC (Internet Relay Chat) channels on the StarChat network.<br /> This is a place where you can chat with fellow listeners, as well as share monitoring catches in real time.<br /> <br /> Joining the chat is fairly easy. You can use the online chat below until you get an IRC client.<br /> The Java chat requires a browser with Java enabled.<br /> <br /> [http://www.starchat.net/chat/?chan=PirateRadio Click here to be taken to the #PirateRadio chat]<br /> <br /> [http://www.starchat.net/chat/?chan=WUNClub Click here to be taken to the #WUNClub chat]<br /> <br /> [http://www.starchat.net/chat/?chan=mid-atlantic-scan Click here to be taken to the #mid-atlantic-scan chat] (Mid Atlantic VHF/UHF Radio Scanning)</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Mediumwave_Utility_Stations 2017-01-14T19:35:00Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: Created page with &quot;Everything related to medium wave utility stations goes here. * DPGS Differential GPS stations. Located in the LW &amp; MW band (283.5 kHz - 325 kHz) along with the NDBs.&quot;</p> <hr /> <div>Everything related to medium wave utility stations goes here.<br /> <br /> * [[DPGS]] Differential GPS stations. Located in the LW &amp; MW band (283.5 kHz - 325 kHz) along with the NDBs.</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/DGPS 2017-01-07T00:08:01Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: </p> <hr /> <div>The Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) transmits correction information that improves the accuracy of the GPS system, from 15 meters to as good as 10 cm. These transmissions are in the 283.5-325.0 kHz band, and are interesting DX targets.<br /> <br /> [[File:Dgps_waterfall.png|200px|thumb|left|A waterfall of the DGPS band]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Stations in the United States and Canada typically transmit on 1 kHz channel steps, while those outside of North America can also use 0.5 kHz channels. Transmissions are at 100 or 200 baud, using MFSK. DGPS Data packets contain a 10 bit ID. This ID is not unique, but using a combination of the ID along with the frequency and baud rate allows the specific station to be identified. Data transmissions are continuous, so it is possible to receive many messages per minute from strong stations, as well as the occasional message from more distant or weaker stations. DGPS stations can be used as propagation beacons, observing when messages from the various stations are being received.<br /> <br /> Software to decode DGPS includes [http://www.blackcatsystems.com/software/dgps_decoding_software_sdr.html Amalgamated DGPS] which is available for Windows and Macintosh computers. Amalgamated DGPS can decode the entire DGPS band from I/Q recording files made by various popular SDR programs. It can also decode portions of the band from either WAVE audio files, or from live audio via a sound input.<br /> <br /> The following is the output from Amalgamated DGPS from a series of I/Q recording files, covering approximately a 24 hour period, as received in Maryland, USA. The list is sorted by the number of received messages (Count) from each station. Many DX stations were received, including from the West Coast and Panama. DGPS stations from Alaska, as well as Europe, have also been received at this location.<br /> <br /> &lt;pre&gt;<br /> Count ID ref1 ref2 kHz Baud City Country Lat Lon km Deg <br /> 3 816 032 033 304.0 100 Aransas Pass, TX United States 27.842 -97.065 2,269 241 <br /> 7 907 304 305 320.0 200 Richmond, BC Canada 49.114 -123.183 3,753 302 <br /> 23 881 262 263 302.0 100 Point Loma, CA United States 32.677 -117.25 3,666 271 <br /> 32 886 272 273 287.0 100 Fort Stevens, OR United States 46.208 -123.96 3,834 297 <br /> 46 828 246 247 301.0 100 Angleton, TX United States 29.301 -95.484 2,046 241 <br /> 62 946 344 345 299.0 200 Rigolet, NL Canada 54.25 -58.5 2,127 34 <br /> 83 918 310 311 286.0 200 Wiarton, ON Canada 44.75 -81.117 656 330 <br /> 498 919 308 309 306.0 200 Cardinal, ON Canada 44.783 -75.417 579 12 <br /> 806 936 332 333 319.0 200 Point Escuminac, NB Canada 47.075 -64.8 1,278 46 <br /> 1037 934 336 337 307.0 200 Fox Island, NS Canada 45.361 -61.097 1,442 59 <br /> 1513 814 028 029 293.0 200 English Turn, LA United States 29.886 -89.947 1,608 231 <br /> 1676 972 901 902 302.0 200 Miraflores Panama 8.993 -79.585 3,425 185 <br /> 2364 927 316 317 309.0 200 Lauzon, QC Canada 46.821 -71.165 920 29 <br /> 2464 937 330 331 298.0 200 Hartlen Point, NS Canada 44.583 -63.45 1,238 60 <br /> 4590 940 338 339 315.0 200 Cape Race, NL Canada 46.661 -53.075 2,076 60 <br /> 5094 944 342 343 310.0 200 Cape Norman, NL Canada 51.509 -55.831 2,091 44 <br /> 5337 830 100 101 296.0 100 Wisconsin, Point WI United States 46.708 -92.025 1,444 308 <br /> 7622 809 018 019 289.0 100 Cape Canaveral, FL United States 28.467 -80.554 1,292 196 <br /> 7861 836 112 113 292.0 200 Cheboygan, MI United States 45.656 -84.475 901 320 <br /> 9198 971 903 904 307.0 200 Gatun Panama 9.261 -79.937 3,398 186 <br /> 10242 839 118 119 322.0 100 Youngstown, NY United States 43.239 -78.972 427 338 <br /> 15109 869 168 169 290.0 200 Louisville, KY United States 38.018 -85.31 745 258 <br /> 15927 925 320 321 313.0 200 Moise, QC Canada 50.202 -66.119 1,443 32 <br /> 16015 865 160 161 320.0 200 Millers Ferry, AL United States 32.095 -87.397 1,262 231 <br /> 16196 864 158 159 317.0 200 St Paul [Alma], MN United States 44.306 -91.906 1,333 297 <br /> 16885 935 334 335 312.0 200 Western Head, NS Canada 43.993 -64.67 1,124 61 <br /> 20834 939 326 327 295.0 200 Partridge Island, NB Canada 45.239 -66.056 1,085 52 <br /> 21937 827 244 245 312.0 200 Tampa, FL United States 27.85 -82.543 1,414 203 <br /> 28094 831 102 103 298.0 100 Upper Keweenaw, MI United States 47.233 -88.628 1,257 316 <br /> 30161 942 340 341 288.0 200 Cape Ray, NL Canada 47.636 -59.241 1,671 52 <br /> 33737 778 192 193 292.0 100 Kensington, SC United States 33.491 -79.349 723 198 <br /> 36717 808 016 017 314.0 200 Card Sound, FL United States 25.442 -80.452 1,619 193 <br /> 38968 806 012 013 289.0 100 Driver, VA United States 36.963 -76.562 307 173 <br /> 44091 929 312 313 296.0 200 St Jean Richelieu, QC Canada 45.324 -73.317 693 24 <br /> 44747 926 318 319 300.0 200 Riviere du Loop, QC Canada 47.762 -69.606 1,073 31 <br /> 46205 803 006 007 293.0 100 Moriches, NY United States 40.794 -72.756 378 70 <br /> 46706 799 044 045 290.0 200 Penobscot, ME United States 44.453 -68.776 858 49 <br /> 46743 771 196 197 294.0 100 New Bern, NC United States 35.181 -77.059 503 181 <br /> 58907 863 156 157 311.0 200 Rock Island IL United States 42.02 -90.231 1,143 287 <br /> 59027 838 116 117 319.0 200 Detroit, MI United States 42.306 -83.103 590 301 <br /> 73240 777 218 219 304.0 200 Mequon, WI United States 43.202 -88.066 1,002 296 <br /> 73891 792 136 137 297.0 200 Bobo, MS United States 34.125 -90.696 1,367 247 <br /> 74725 844 094 095 324.0 200 Hudson Falls, NY United States 43.272 -73.542 489 35 <br /> 74839 870 170 171 309.0 200 Reedy Point, DE United States 39.569 -75.572 121 97 <br /> 75094 772 198 199 306.0 200 Acushnet, MA United States 41.749 -70.889 561 64 <br /> 78252 804 008 009 286.0 200 Sandy Hook, NJ United States 40.475 -74.02 266 70 <br /> 78756 847 058 059 301.0 200 Annapolis, MD United States 39.018 -76.61 82 158 <br /> &lt;/pre&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> # [http://www.blackcatsystems.com/software/dgps_decoding_software_sdr.html Amalgamated DGPS]<br /> # [http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=dgpsMain US Coast Guard DGPS Site]<br /> # [http://www.ccg-gcc.gc.ca/CCG-DGPS/Marine-Differential-Global-Positioning-System Canadian Coast Guard DGPS Site]<br /> # [http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/pdf/dgps/bcstand/dgpsbst.pdf Broadcast Standard for the USCG DGPS Navigation Service - COMDTINST M16577.1]<br /> # [http://www.sigidwiki.com/images/6/66/Rtcm-sc104-transmission-characteristics-of-marine-differential-gps-stations.pdf Transmission Characteristics of Marine Differential GPS (DGPS) Stations]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/DGPS 2017-01-07T00:00:01Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div>The Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) transmits correction information that improves the accuracy of the GPS system, from 15 meters to as good as 10 cm. These transmissions are in the 285-325 kHz band, and are interesting DX targets.<br /> <br /> [[File:Dgps_waterfall.png|200px|thumb|left|A waterfall of the DGPS band]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Stations in the United States and Canada typically transmit on 1 kHz channel steps, while those outside of North America can also use 0.5 kHz channels. Transmissions are at 100 or 200 baud, using MFSK. DGPS Data packets contain a 10 bit ID. This ID is not unique, but using a combination of the ID along with the frequency and baud rate allows the specific station to be identified. Data transmissions are continuous, so it is possible to receive many messages per minute from strong stations, as well as the occasional message from more distant or weaker stations. DGPS stations can be used as propagation beacons, observing when messages from the various stations are being received.<br /> <br /> Software to decode DGPS includes [http://www.blackcatsystems.com/software/dgps_decoding_software_sdr.html Amalgamated DGPS] which is available for Windows and Macintosh computers. Amalgamated DGPS can decode the entire DGPS band from I/Q recording files made by various popular SDR programs. It can also decode portions of the band from either WAVE audio files, or from live audio via a sound input.<br /> <br /> The following is the output from Amalgamated DGPS from a series of I/Q recording files, covering approximately a 24 hour period, as received in Maryland, USA. The list is sorted by the number of received messages (Count) from each station. Many DX stations were received, including from the West Coast and Panama. DGPS stations from Alaska, as well as Europe, have also been received at this location.<br /> <br /> &lt;pre&gt;<br /> Count ID ref1 ref2 kHz Baud City Country Lat Lon km Deg <br /> 3 816 032 033 304.0 100 Aransas Pass, TX United States 27.842 -97.065 2,269 241 <br /> 7 907 304 305 320.0 200 Richmond, BC Canada 49.114 -123.183 3,753 302 <br /> 23 881 262 263 302.0 100 Point Loma, CA United States 32.677 -117.25 3,666 271 <br /> 32 886 272 273 287.0 100 Fort Stevens, OR United States 46.208 -123.96 3,834 297 <br /> 46 828 246 247 301.0 100 Angleton, TX United States 29.301 -95.484 2,046 241 <br /> 62 946 344 345 299.0 200 Rigolet, NL Canada 54.25 -58.5 2,127 34 <br /> 83 918 310 311 286.0 200 Wiarton, ON Canada 44.75 -81.117 656 330 <br /> 498 919 308 309 306.0 200 Cardinal, ON Canada 44.783 -75.417 579 12 <br /> 806 936 332 333 319.0 200 Point Escuminac, NB Canada 47.075 -64.8 1,278 46 <br /> 1037 934 336 337 307.0 200 Fox Island, NS Canada 45.361 -61.097 1,442 59 <br /> 1513 814 028 029 293.0 200 English Turn, LA United States 29.886 -89.947 1,608 231 <br /> 1676 972 901 902 302.0 200 Miraflores Panama 8.993 -79.585 3,425 185 <br /> 2364 927 316 317 309.0 200 Lauzon, QC Canada 46.821 -71.165 920 29 <br /> 2464 937 330 331 298.0 200 Hartlen Point, NS Canada 44.583 -63.45 1,238 60 <br /> 4590 940 338 339 315.0 200 Cape Race, NL Canada 46.661 -53.075 2,076 60 <br /> 5094 944 342 343 310.0 200 Cape Norman, NL Canada 51.509 -55.831 2,091 44 <br /> 5337 830 100 101 296.0 100 Wisconsin, Point WI United States 46.708 -92.025 1,444 308 <br /> 7622 809 018 019 289.0 100 Cape Canaveral, FL United States 28.467 -80.554 1,292 196 <br /> 7861 836 112 113 292.0 200 Cheboygan, MI United States 45.656 -84.475 901 320 <br /> 9198 971 903 904 307.0 200 Gatun Panama 9.261 -79.937 3,398 186 <br /> 10242 839 118 119 322.0 100 Youngstown, NY United States 43.239 -78.972 427 338 <br /> 15109 869 168 169 290.0 200 Louisville, KY United States 38.018 -85.31 745 258 <br /> 15927 925 320 321 313.0 200 Moise, QC Canada 50.202 -66.119 1,443 32 <br /> 16015 865 160 161 320.0 200 Millers Ferry, AL United States 32.095 -87.397 1,262 231 <br /> 16196 864 158 159 317.0 200 St Paul [Alma], MN United States 44.306 -91.906 1,333 297 <br /> 16885 935 334 335 312.0 200 Western Head, NS Canada 43.993 -64.67 1,124 61 <br /> 20834 939 326 327 295.0 200 Partridge Island, NB Canada 45.239 -66.056 1,085 52 <br /> 21937 827 244 245 312.0 200 Tampa, FL United States 27.85 -82.543 1,414 203 <br /> 28094 831 102 103 298.0 100 Upper Keweenaw, MI United States 47.233 -88.628 1,257 316 <br /> 30161 942 340 341 288.0 200 Cape Ray, NL Canada 47.636 -59.241 1,671 52 <br /> 33737 778 192 193 292.0 100 Kensington, SC United States 33.491 -79.349 723 198 <br /> 36717 808 016 017 314.0 200 Card Sound, FL United States 25.442 -80.452 1,619 193 <br /> 38968 806 012 013 289.0 100 Driver, VA United States 36.963 -76.562 307 173 <br /> 44091 929 312 313 296.0 200 St Jean Richelieu, QC Canada 45.324 -73.317 693 24 <br /> 44747 926 318 319 300.0 200 Riviere du Loop, QC Canada 47.762 -69.606 1,073 31 <br /> 46205 803 006 007 293.0 100 Moriches, NY United States 40.794 -72.756 378 70 <br /> 46706 799 044 045 290.0 200 Penobscot, ME United States 44.453 -68.776 858 49 <br /> 46743 771 196 197 294.0 100 New Bern, NC United States 35.181 -77.059 503 181 <br /> 58907 863 156 157 311.0 200 Rock Island IL United States 42.02 -90.231 1,143 287 <br /> 59027 838 116 117 319.0 200 Detroit, MI United States 42.306 -83.103 590 301 <br /> 73240 777 218 219 304.0 200 Mequon, WI United States 43.202 -88.066 1,002 296 <br /> 73891 792 136 137 297.0 200 Bobo, MS United States 34.125 -90.696 1,367 247 <br /> 74725 844 094 095 324.0 200 Hudson Falls, NY United States 43.272 -73.542 489 35 <br /> 74839 870 170 171 309.0 200 Reedy Point, DE United States 39.569 -75.572 121 97 <br /> 75094 772 198 199 306.0 200 Acushnet, MA United States 41.749 -70.889 561 64 <br /> 78252 804 008 009 286.0 200 Sandy Hook, NJ United States 40.475 -74.02 266 70 <br /> 78756 847 058 059 301.0 200 Annapolis, MD United States 39.018 -76.61 82 158 <br /> &lt;/pre&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> # [http://www.blackcatsystems.com/software/dgps_decoding_software_sdr.html Amalgamated DGPS]<br /> # [http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=dgpsMain US Coast Guard DGPS Site]<br /> # [http://www.ccg-gcc.gc.ca/CCG-DGPS/Marine-Differential-Global-Positioning-System Canadian Coast Guard DGPS Site]<br /> # [http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/pdf/dgps/bcstand/dgpsbst.pdf Broadcast Standard for the USCG DGPS Navigation Service - COMDTINST M16577.1]<br /> # [http://www.sigidwiki.com/images/6/66/Rtcm-sc104-transmission-characteristics-of-marine-differential-gps-stations.pdf Transmission Characteristics of Marine Differential GPS (DGPS) Stations]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/DGPS 2017-01-06T23:59:42Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div>The Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) transmits correction information that improves the accuracy of the GPS system, from 15 meters to as good as 10 cm. These transmissions are in the 285-325 kHz band, and are interesting DX targets.<br /> <br /> [[File:Dgps_waterfall.png|200px|thumb|left|A waterfall of the DGPS band]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Stations in the United States and Canada typically transmit on 1 kHz channel steps, while those outside of North America can also use 0.5 kHz channels. Transmissions are at 100 or 200 baud, using MFSK. DGPS Data packets contain a 10 bit ID. This ID is not unique, but using a combination of the ID along with the frequency and baud rate allows the specific station to be identified. Data transmissions are continuous, so it is possible to receive many messages per minute from strong stations, as well as the occasional message from more distant or weaker stations. DGPS stations can be used as propagation beacons, observing when messages from the various stations are being received.<br /> <br /> Software to decode DGPS includes [http://www.blackcatsystems.com/software/dgps_decoding_software_sdr.html Amalgamated DGPS] which is available for Windows and Macintosh computers. Amalgamated DGPS can decode the entire DGPS band from I/Q recording files made by various popular SDR programs. It can also decode portions of the band from either WAVE audio files, or from live audio via a sound input.<br /> <br /> The following is the output from Amalgamated DGPS from a series of I/Q recording files, covering approximately a 24 hour period, as received in Maryland, USA. The list is sorted by the number of received messages (Count) from each station. Many DX stations were received, including from the West Coast and Panama. DGPS stations from Alaska, as well as Europe, have also been received at this location.<br /> <br /> &lt;pre&gt;<br /> Count ID ref1 ref2 kHz Baud City Country Lat Lon km Deg <br /> 3 816 032 033 304.0 100 Aransas Pass, TX United States 27.842 -97.065 2,269 241 <br /> 7 907 304 305 320.0 200 Richmond, BC Canada 49.114 -123.183 3,753 302 <br /> 23 881 262 263 302.0 100 Point Loma, CA United States 32.677 -117.25 3,666 271 <br /> 32 886 272 273 287.0 100 Fort Stevens, OR United States 46.208 -123.96 3,834 297 <br /> 46 828 246 247 301.0 100 Angleton, TX United States 29.301 -95.484 2,046 241 <br /> 62 946 344 345 299.0 200 Rigolet, NL Canada 54.25 -58.5 2,127 34 <br /> 83 918 310 311 286.0 200 Wiarton, ON Canada 44.75 -81.117 656 330 <br /> 498 919 308 309 306.0 200 Cardinal, ON Canada 44.783 -75.417 579 12 <br /> 806 936 332 333 319.0 200 Point Escuminac, NB Canada 47.075 -64.8 1,278 46 <br /> 1037 934 336 337 307.0 200 Fox Island, NS Canada 45.361 -61.097 1,442 59 <br /> 1513 814 028 029 293.0 200 English Turn, LA United States 29.886 -89.947 1,608 231 <br /> 1676 972 901 902 302.0 200 Miraflores Panama 8.993 -79.585 3,425 185 <br /> 2364 927 316 317 309.0 200 Lauzon, QC Canada 46.821 -71.165 920 29 <br /> 2464 937 330 331 298.0 200 Hartlen Point, NS Canada 44.583 -63.45 1,238 60 <br /> 4590 940 338 339 315.0 200 Cape Race, NL Canada 46.661 -53.075 2,076 60 <br /> 5094 944 342 343 310.0 200 Cape Norman, NL Canada 51.509 -55.831 2,091 44 <br /> 5337 830 100 101 296.0 100 Wisconsin, Point WI United States 46.708 -92.025 1,444 308 <br /> 7622 809 018 019 289.0 100 Cape Canaveral, FL United States 28.467 -80.554 1,292 196 <br /> 7861 836 112 113 292.0 200 Cheboygan, MI United States 45.656 -84.475 901 320 <br /> 9198 971 903 904 307.0 200 Gatun Panama 9.261 -79.937 3,398 186 <br /> 10242 839 118 119 322.0 100 Youngstown, NY United States 43.239 -78.972 427 338 <br /> 15109 869 168 169 290.0 200 Louisville, KY United States 38.018 -85.31 745 258 <br /> 15927 925 320 321 313.0 200 Moise, QC Canada 50.202 -66.119 1,443 32 <br /> 16015 865 160 161 320.0 200 Millers Ferry, AL United States 32.095 -87.397 1,262 231 <br /> 16196 864 158 159 317.0 200 St Paul [Alma], MN United States 44.306 -91.906 1,333 297 <br /> 16885 935 334 335 312.0 200 Western Head, NS Canada 43.993 -64.67 1,124 61 <br /> 20834 939 326 327 295.0 200 Partridge Island, NB Canada 45.239 -66.056 1,085 52 <br /> 21937 827 244 245 312.0 200 Tampa, FL United States 27.85 -82.543 1,414 203 <br /> 28094 831 102 103 298.0 100 Upper Keweenaw, MI United States 47.233 -88.628 1,257 316 <br /> 30161 942 340 341 288.0 200 Cape Ray, NL Canada 47.636 -59.241 1,671 52 <br /> 33737 778 192 193 292.0 100 Kensington, SC United States 33.491 -79.349 723 198 <br /> 36717 808 016 017 314.0 200 Card Sound, FL United States 25.442 -80.452 1,619 193 <br /> 38968 806 012 013 289.0 100 Driver, VA United States 36.963 -76.562 307 173 <br /> 44091 929 312 313 296.0 200 St Jean Richelieu, QC Canada 45.324 -73.317 693 24 <br /> 44747 926 318 319 300.0 200 Riviere du Loop, QC Canada 47.762 -69.606 1,073 31 <br /> 46205 803 006 007 293.0 100 Moriches, NY United States 40.794 -72.756 378 70 <br /> 46706 799 044 045 290.0 200 Penobscot, ME United States 44.453 -68.776 858 49 <br /> 46743 771 196 197 294.0 100 New Bern, NC United States 35.181 -77.059 503 181 <br /> 58907 863 156 157 311.0 200 Rock Island IL United States 42.02 -90.231 1,143 287 <br /> 59027 838 116 117 319.0 200 Detroit, MI United States 42.306 -83.103 590 301 <br /> 73240 777 218 219 304.0 200 Mequon, WI United States 43.202 -88.066 1,002 296 <br /> 73891 792 136 137 297.0 200 Bobo, MS United States 34.125 -90.696 1,367 247 <br /> 74725 844 094 095 324.0 200 Hudson Falls, NY United States 43.272 -73.542 489 35 <br /> 74839 870 170 171 309.0 200 Reedy Point, DE United States 39.569 -75.572 121 97 <br /> 75094 772 198 199 306.0 200 Acushnet, MA United States 41.749 -70.889 561 64 <br /> 78252 804 008 009 286.0 200 Sandy Hook, NJ United States 40.475 -74.02 266 70 <br /> 78756 847 058 059 301.0 200 Annapolis, MD United States 39.018 -76.61 82 158 <br /> &lt;/pre&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> # [http://www.blackcatsystems.com/software/dgps_decoding_software_sdr.html Amalgamated DGPS]<br /> # [http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=dgpsMain US Coast Guard DGPS Site]<br /> # [http://www.ccg-gcc.gc.ca/CCG-DGPS/Marine-Differential-Global-Positioning-System Canadian Coast Guard DGPS Site]<br /> # [http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/pdf/dgps/bcstand/dgpsbst.pdf Broadcast Standard for the USCG DGPS Navigation Service - COMDTINST M16577.1]<br /> # [http://www.sigidwiki.com/images/6/66/Rtcm-sc104-transmission-characteristics-of-marine-differential-gps-stations.pdf Transmission Characteristics Of Marine Differential GPS (DGPS) Stations]</div>

Maximum Verbosity https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/DGPS 2017-01-06T23:54:18Z

<p>Maximum Verbosity: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div>The Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) transmits correction information that improves the accuracy of the GPS system, from 15 meters to as good as 10 cm. These transmissions are in the 285-325 kHz band, and are interesting DX targets.<br /> <br /> [[File:Dgps_waterfall.png|200px|thumb|left|A waterfall of the DGPS band]]<br /> <br /> <br /> Stations in the United States and Canada typically transmit on 1 kHz channel steps, while those outside of North America can also use 0.5 kHz channels. Transmissions are at 100 or 200 baud, using MFSK. DGPS Data packets contain a 10 bit ID. This ID is not unique, but using a combination of the ID along with the frequency and baud rate allows the specific station to be identified. Data transmissions are continuous, so it is possible to receive many messages per minute from strong stations, as well as the occasional message from more distant or weaker stations. DGPS stations can be used as propagation beacons, observing when messages from the various stations are being received.<br /> <br /> Software to decode DGPS includes [http://www.blackcatsystems.com/software/dgps_decoding_software_sdr.html Amalgamated DGPS] which is available for Windows and Macintosh computers. Amalgamated DGPS can decode the entire DGPS band from I/Q recording files made by various popular SDR programs. It can also decode portions of the band from either WAVE audio files, or from live audio via a sound input.<br /> <br /> The following is the output from Amalgamated DGPS from a series of I/Q recording files, covering approximately a 24 hour period, as received in Maryland, USA. The list is sorted by the number of received messages (Count) from each station. Many DX stations were received, including from the West Coast and Panama. DGPS stations from Alaska, as well as Europe, have also been received at this location.<br /> <br /> &lt;pre&gt;<br /> Count ID ref1 ref2 kHz Baud City Country Lat Lon km Deg <br /> 3 816 032 033 304.0 100 Aransas Pass, TX United States 27.842 -97.065 2,269 241 <br /> 7 907 304 305 320.0 200 Richmond, BC Canada 49.114 -123.183 3,753 302 <br /> 23 881 262 263 302.0 100 Point Loma, CA United States 32.677 -117.25 3,666 271 <br /> 32 886 272 273 287.0 100 Fort Stevens, OR United States 46.208 -123.96 3,834 297 <br /> 46 828 246 247 301.0 100 Angleton, TX United States 29.301 -95.484 2,046 241 <br /> 62 946 344 345 299.0 200 Rigolet, NL Canada 54.25 -58.5 2,127 34 <br /> 83 918 310 311 286.0 200 Wiarton, ON Canada 44.75 -81.117 656 330 <br /> 498 919 308 309 306.0 200 Cardinal, ON Canada 44.783 -75.417 579 12 <br /> 806 936 332 333 319.0 200 Point Escuminac, NB Canada 47.075 -64.8 1,278 46 <br /> 1037 934 336 337 307.0 200 Fox Island, NS Canada 45.361 -61.097 1,442 59 <br /> 1513 814 028 029 293.0 200 English Turn, LA United States 29.886 -89.947 1,608 231 <br /> 1676 972 901 902 302.0 200 Miraflores Panama 8.993 -79.585 3,425 185 <br /> 2364 927 316 317 309.0 200 Lauzon, QC Canada 46.821 -71.165 920 29 <br /> 2464 937 330 331 298.0 200 Hartlen Point, NS Canada 44.583 -63.45 1,238 60 <br /> 4590 940 338 339 315.0 200 Cape Race, NL Canada 46.661 -53.075 2,076 60 <br /> 5094 944 342 343 310.0 200 Cape Norman, NL Canada 51.509 -55.831 2,091 44 <br /> 5337 830 100 101 296.0 100 Wisconsin, Point WI United States 46.708 -92.025 1,444 308 <br /> 7622 809 018 019 289.0 100 Cape Canaveral, FL United States 28.467 -80.554 1,292 196 <br /> 7861 836 112 113 292.0 200 Cheboygan, MI United States 45.656 -84.475 901 320 <br /> 9198 971 903 904 307.0 200 Gatun Panama 9.261 -79.937 3,398 186 <br /> 10242 839 118 119 322.0 100 Youngstown, NY United States 43.239 -78.972 427 338 <br /> 15109 869 168 169 290.0 200 Louisville, KY United States 38.018 -85.31 745 258 <br /> 15927 925 320 321 313.0 200 Moise, QC Canada 50.202 -66.119 1,443 32 <br /> 16015 865 160 161 320.0 200 Millers Ferry, AL United States 32.095 -87.397 1,262 231 <br /> 16196 864 158 159 317.0 200 St Paul [Alma], MN United States 44.306 -91.906 1,333 297 <br /> 16885 935 334 335 312.0 200 Western Head, NS Canada 43.993 -64.67 1,124 61 <br /> 20834 939 326 327 295.0 200 Partridge Island, NB Canada 45.239 -66.056 1,085 52 <br /> 21937 827 244 245 312.0 200 Tampa, FL United States 27.85 -82.543 1,414 203 <br /> 28094 831 102 103 298.0 100 Upper Keweenaw, MI United States 47.233 -88.628 1,257 316 <br /> 30161 942 340 341 288.0 200 Cape Ray, NL Canada 47.636 -59.241 1,671 52 <br /> 33737 778 192 193 292.0 100 Kensington, SC United States 33.491 -79.349 723 198 <br /> 36717 808 016 017 314.0 200 Card Sound, FL United States 25.442 -80.452 1,619 193 <br /> 38968 806 012 013 289.0 100 Driver, VA United States 36.963 -76.562 307 173 <br /> 44091 929 312 313 296.0 200 St Jean Richelieu, QC Canada 45.324 -73.317 693 24 <br /> 44747 926 318 319 300.0 200 Riviere du Loop, QC Canada 47.762 -69.606 1,073 31 <br /> 46205 803 006 007 293.0 100 Moriches, NY United States 40.794 -72.756 378 70 <br /> 46706 799 044 045 290.0 200 Penobscot, ME United States 44.453 -68.776 858 49 <br /> 46743 771 196 197 294.0 100 New Bern, NC United States 35.181 -77.059 503 181 <br /> 58907 863 156 157 311.0 200 Rock Island IL United States 42.02 -90.231 1,143 287 <br /> 59027 838 116 117 319.0 200 Detroit, MI United States 42.306 -83.103 590 301 <br /> 73240 777 218 219 304.0 200 Mequon, WI United States 43.202 -88.066 1,002 296 <br /> 73891 792 136 137 297.0 200 Bobo, MS United States 34.125 -90.696 1,367 247 <br /> 74725 844 094 095 324.0 200 Hudson Falls, NY United States 43.272 -73.542 489 35 <br /> 74839 870 170 171 309.0 200 Reedy Point, DE United States 39.569 -75.572 121 97 <br /> 75094 772 198 199 306.0 200 Acushnet, MA United States 41.749 -70.889 561 64 <br /> 78252 804 008 009 286.0 200 Sandy Hook, NJ United States 40.475 -74.02 266 70 <br /> 78756 847 058 059 301.0 200 Annapolis, MD United States 39.018 -76.61 82 158 <br /> &lt;/pre&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> # [http://www.blackcatsystems.com/software/dgps_decoding_software_sdr.html Amalgamated DGPS]<br /> # [http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/?pageName=dgpsMain US Coast Guard DGPS Site]<br /> # [http://www.ccg-gcc.gc.ca/CCG-DGPS/Marine-Differential-Global-Positioning-System Canadian Coast Guard DGPS Site]<br /> # [http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/pdf/dgps/bcstand/dgpsbst.pdf Broadcast Standard for the USCG DGPS Navigation Service - COMDTINST M16577.1]</div>

Maximum Verbosity