https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?feed=atom&target=Token&title=Special%3AContributionsHFUnderground - User contributions [en]2026-10-23T22:49:05ZFrom HFUndergroundMediaWiki 1.16.5https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/KiwiSDRKiwiSDR2018-11-04T15:05:06Z<p>Token: </p>
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<div>= Overview =<br />
Placeholder page<br />
<br />
<br />
= KiwiSDRs run by HFU Members =<br />
* Wake Forest, NC USA http://chimay.homelinux.org:8073<br />
* Westminster, MD USA http://sdr.hfunderpants.com:8073<br />
* CT/MA Border, Northeast USA http://sigmasdr.ddns.net:8073<br />
* Mojave Desert, CA USA http://tokenradio.proxy.kiwisdr.com:8073/<br />
<br />
= KiwiSDRs Tips =<br />
<br />
== Set Static IP Address ==<br />
<br />
You may want to set the IP address of your KiwiSDR statically, rather than a dynamic DCHP address obtained from your router. Go to the Network tab on the KiwiSDR admin page to do this.<br />
<br />
== GPS Antenna ==<br />
The antenna that comes with the KiwiSDR works, but can be marginal, especially when used indoors. I bought [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00LXRQY9A/ref=oh_aui_detailpage_o00_s01?tag=blackcatsyste-20&linkCode=w00 this antenna ] from Amazon, and it seems to work better. I also found that it helps tremendously to have the antenna sitting on a metal ground plane. A simple small aluminum baking sheet works great. I carefully adjusted the location of the antenna on the sheet, as well as the location of both (they are sitting on a shelf) for maximum signal(s) from the GPS satellites.<br />
<br />
== Enclosures ==<br />
<br />
An all aluminum case is available from [https://www.seeedstudio.com/KiwiSDR-Enclosure-p-3012.html Seeed Studios] that includes a small cooling fan.</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Signal_IdentificationSignal Identification2015-08-29T17:17:36Z<p>Token: /* Non Communications Modes */</p>
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<div>'''Still under construction, call this a late Beta version, almost ready for prime time'''<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
== Why is this Guide here? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
The goal of this Wiki is to help people ID sounds and signals they might come across on the radio, primarily in the HF (3000 to 30000 kHz) and MW (300 to 3000 kHz) bands. Of course not all possible signals can be identified, and certainly they cannot all be presented here. So the IDs will start with the most common modes and move forward from those. As signals to be IDed are presented and hopefully identified on the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,27.0.html HFUnderground HF Mystery Signals] board they will be added to these lists, assuming they were not already here.<br />
<br />
<br />
With the advent and proliferation of SDRs to the hobby of shortwave listening, and the often associated wideband waterfall / spectrum displays, hobbyist are now more likely to notice short duration, transient, signals. Signals are now visually presented that in the past would not have been noticed at all unless the listener just happened to be tuned to the right random frequency when the short duration signal occurred. This has had the affect of raising the probability of reception of any given signal type, regardless of duration. Further, these waterfalls and spectrum images can be used to help ID specific modes of operation, as different techniques often have very different visual signatures.<br />
<br />
<br />
Today's online receiver nodes (from services like [http://www.globaltuners.com/ Globaltuners], [http://sdrspace.com/ SDR-Radio.com], and [http://websdr.org/ WebSDR.org]) mean that more people than ever potentially have access to monitor the HF spectrum. Often people with no prior exposure to HF radio or shortwave listening first gravitate to these kinds of services, as they take no investment in equipment to start using. They then face a sometimes steep learning curve of "what am I hearing, and what are these things on the radio".<br />
<br />
<br />
In general the use of analogue voice and manual communications modes on the HF and MW bands is on the decline, replaced with digital and data modes. The use of other than communications modes, such as ionospheric sounders and HF radars, seems to be at an all-time high. For the new listener, or for more experienced listeners without the proper tools, identifying some of these modes and signals can be a challenge.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== How to submit a signal for ID? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
Go to the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,27.0.html HFUnderground HF Mystery Signals] board and follow the guidelines presented there for posting. Assuming the signal is IDed there, and it is not already on the list here, it will likely be added to this list.<br />
<br />
<br />
== How to use this Identification Guide? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
If you look at the tables of the guide you will see it is divided into three types of signals, "Non DATA Signals", "DATA Signals", and "Unidentified Signals". Each section can be further broken down into sub categories.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Non DATA Signals:'''<br />
<br />
Non DATA Signals are modes that do not carry what is traditionally thought of as digital data. This will be analogue voice modes, traditional Morse Code transmissions, and signals along those basic lines. Radars and Ionosondes have also been included in this segment, as they are not typically DATA transmissions.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''DATA Signals:'''<br />
<br />
DATA Signals are pretty much everything else. If it goes through a modem or is computer generated before being transmitted to the open air it will probably be included in the DATA Signals section. This includes digital voice modes, including many encrypted modes. The DATA Signals section is loosely broken down into the type of modulation used for the data, FSK, MFSK, PSK, etc.<br />
<br />
<br />
Various image modes, such as HFFAX, SSTV, etc, are included in the DATA Signals, even when they are not digital in nature. Despite many of these types having analogue backgrounds most are generated by computer today.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Unidentified Signals:'''<br />
<br />
Unidentified Signals are signals that have not yet been identified. As they are reported or added they will be assigned an "HFU UNID" sequential 3 digit number. This number means nothing, and is just a way to track information and discussions about that signal on the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,27.0.html HFUnderground HF Mystery Signals] board.<br />
<br />
<br />
These UNID signals may appear in more than one segment of the guide, they will be in the Unidentified Signals segment, but may also be shown under their modulation types. For example, an Unknown signal that is obviously an FSK signal may be in both the Unidentified Signals area, and the FSK area, but in both cases they will carry the same UNID number.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Basic information shown for all Entries==<br />
<br />
=== Mode ===<br />
"Mode" is simply a generally accepted name of the technique. This may not be the only designator used for that specific technique. For example, traditional "AM" can also be described as "Double sideband with full carrier", and "A3E". In such a case these other designations may be included on the Mode Specific page. If a Mode Specific page exist for a mode you can access it by clicking on the name in the Mode column. The Mode Specific page will generally contain more detailed information than can be included in this initial chart.<br />
<br />
=== Frequency Range (kHz) ===<br />
"Frequency Range (kHz)" is the range of frequencies where one might find this specific mode in use. For many modes this can be a very wide range, but other modes might be very limited in range. Remember this guide is MW and HF specific and may not consider usage in other frequency ranges.<br />
<br />
=== Bandwidth (kHz) ===<br />
"Bandwidth (kHz)" is the normally occupied bandwidth of the signal, as might be seen on a waterfall or spectrum display. Unless you include the power point for the measurement (3 dB, 6 dB, 10 dB, 20 dB, etc) this is an approximate value only. Because of this very strong signals can appear wider than very weak signals, even if both signals are actually using the same bandwidth. The goal here is to provide something that might help identification, not to define a technical specification for the mode. <br />
<br />
=== Shift (kHz) ===<br />
"Shift (kHz)" is something that only applies to certain types of DATA or digital transmissions. It will be used to define the spacing for visually definable tones or data channels in a transmission.<br />
<br />
=== Number of Tones ===<br />
"Number of Tones" is applicable to certain types of DATA or digital transmissions. It will be used to indicate the number of visually definable tones or data channels in a transmission. <br />
<br />
=== Key Features ===<br />
"Key Features" will be selected features that can help identify the signal, or at least narrow down the candidate pool. Ideally it will be one or two visually distinctive features that can be seen on a waterfall or spectrum display, but these might also be auditory features.<br />
<br />
=== Sources ===<br />
"Sources" are the most likely source for this transmission mode, if known.<br />
<br />
=== Recording ===<br />
"Recording" will link to an audio recording of the mode. Further recordings, both audio and video, may be present on the Mode Specific page.<br />
<br />
=== Spectrum Image ===<br />
"Spectrum Image" is a 200 pixel wide expandable thumbnail image of the signal, often either the spectrum or a waterfall / histogram of some kind. Typically the full size version of this images is at least 640 x 480.<br />
<br />
=The Signals=<br />
<br />
<br />
==Non DATA Signals==<br />
<br />
===Communications Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| [[AM]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically 2.6 to 10.0 kHz, can be wider or narrower<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Carrier present in center of signal, audio typically mirrored left and right of the carrier<br />
| World wide<br />
| AM recording link here<br />
| [[File:AM_SWBC_7520.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[CW]]<br />
(Morse Code)<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Very narrow, potentially less than 50 Hz<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Line or broken line on the waterfall, no sidebands, may show wider "key clicks" at the start and stop of each dot and dash<br />
| World wide<br />
| CW recording link here<br />
| [[File:CW_ham_7030.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[LSB]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically 2.4 to 3.0 kHz, can be wider or narrower<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| No carrier present in Spectrum, audio typically bunched to towards the right (low audio frequency)<br />
| World wide<br />
| LSB recording link here<br />
| [[File:LSB_ham_7155.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[USB]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically 2.4 to 3.0 kHz, can be wider or narrower<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| No carrier present in Spectrum, audio typically bunched to towards the left (low audio frequency)<br />
| World wide<br />
| USB recording link here<br />
| [[File:USB_ham_14185.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
===Non Communications Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| 16 x 64 Sounder (nickname, official name or designation not known)<br />
| Below 4000 to above 30000 observed<br />
| 2.5 kHz<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMCW transmission, changes sweep rates in 16 steps, resulting in 16 different sounds per transmission, a pilot tone may precede each rate change but is not always present<br />
| Unknown<br />
| [[Media:16x64_sounder.mp3]]<br />
16 x 64 sounder recording<br />
| [[File:16x64_sounder.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| 29B6 radar "Kontainer"<br />
| 6000 to 20000<br />
| 4 to 28 kHz observed, unknown limits, width depending on specific operating conditions<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMOP transmission, presenting a wide signal equal to the swept (chirped) width, sweep rate creates a pulsed sound affect, easily confused with British PLUTO radar<br />
| Kovylkino, Mordovia, Russia<br />
| [[Media:29B6.mp3]]<br />
29B6 recording, first portion wide audio, second narrow, as would be heard on many receivers<br />
| [[File:29B6.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| CODAR (Coastal Ocean Dynamics Applications Radar), a specialized radar used to study ocena currents and waves<br />
| 4000 to 27000<br />
| 16 to 240 kHz, depending on band, higher frequencies mean wider swept widths<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMOP or FMICW transmission, presenting a wide signal equal to the swept (chirped) width, sweep rate can create "swooshing" sounds on radio, pulsed transmission can give the sound a rough quality<br />
| World wide, hundreds of locations around the World<br />
| [[Media:CODAR.mp3]]<br />
CODAR recording, first 40 seconds in USB, next 40 in AM, last 40 in LSB<br />
| [[File:CODAR_sweeps.jpg|200px]]<br />
[[File:CODAR_pulses.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| PLUTO radar (possible offical name, PLUTO II, suggested by online documents)<br />
| 8000 to 38000<br />
| 3 to 40 kHz, depending on specific operating conditions<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMCW transmission, presenting a wide signal equal to the swept (chirped) width, sweep rate creates a pulsed sound affect, easily confused with Russian 29B6 radar<br />
| British Sovereing base of Akrotiri, Island of Cyprus<br />
| [[Media:PLUTO_50Hz.mp3]]<br />
[[Media:PLUTO_25Hz.mp3]]<br />
PLUTO recording link here<br />
| [[File:PLUTO.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==DATA Signals==<br />
<br />
===FSK Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| CIS 36-50, BEE, T-600<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 0.085 to 0.500 kHz (85 to 500 Hz depending on mode)<br />
| 85, 125, 250, or 500, only one shift used at a time<br />
| 2<br />
| Appears as two lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted, at idle presents 36 Bd<br />
| Used primarily by Russian Navy, a mode of the T-600 modem<br />
| [[Media:CIS_36_50.mp3]]<br />
CIS 36-50 recording<br />
| [[File:CIS_36_50.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| CIS 50-50, BEE, T-600<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 0.200 to 0.250 kHz (200 or 250 Hz depending on mode)<br />
| 200 or 250 Hz, only one shift used at a time<br />
| 2<br />
| Appears as two lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted, at idle presents 50 Bd<br />
| Used primarily by Russian Navy, a mode of the T-600 modem<br />
| [[Media:CIS_50_50.mp3]]<br />
CIS 50-50 recording<br />
| [[File:CIS_50_50.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[STANAG]] [[4481 FSK]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 0.85 kHz (850 Hz)<br />
| 850 Hz<br />
| 2<br />
| Appears as two lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted<br />
| Used by NATO forces world wide<br />
| [[Media:S4481_FSK.mp3]]<br />
4481 FSK recording<br />
| [[File:S4481_FSK.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===MFSK Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| MIL STD 181-141A [[ALE]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 1.75 kHz (1750 Hz)<br />
| 250 Hz<br />
| 8<br />
| Appears as eight broken lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted, rhythmic sound<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:ALE_SND.mp3]]<br />
MIL STD 188-141A sounding recording<br />
| [[File:ALE_snd.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| JT-65 [[JT65]]<br />
| All ham bands<br />
| 0.175 kHz (175 Hz)<br />
| ~2.65 Hz<br />
| 65<br />
| Appears as stepped lines on the waterfall, has a musical sound to it, can be confused by new listeners for a polytone numbers station like XPA<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:JT65.mp3]]<br />
JT65 recording<br />
| [[File:JT65.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===PSK Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| (Chinese) CHN 4+4<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 2.9 kHz<br />
| 300 Hz, with 450 Hz gap<br />
| 8<br />
| Appears as 8 PSK tones on the waterfall, noticeable 450 Hz gap between tones 4 and 5<br />
| Used by Chinese military<br />
| [[Media:CHN4_4.mp3]]<br />
CHN 4+4 recording<br />
| [[File:CHN4_4.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| CIS12, Fire, MS5, AT3004D, AT3104D<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 3.3 kHz<br />
| 200 Hz (12 tone) or 120 Hz (20 tone)<br />
| 12 or 20<br />
| Appears as 12 or 20 PSK tones on the waterfall, with 3300 Hz Doppler (pilot) tone<br />
| Used primarily by Russian military<br />
| [[Media:CIS12.mp3]]<br />
CIS12 recording<br />
| [[File:CIS12.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[PSK31]]<br />
| Mostly in the ham radio bands<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:psk31_recording.mp3]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===SELCAL Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Image Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| Slow Scan TV [[SSTV]]<br />
| Mostly in the ham radio bands<br />
| 1100-2300 Hz<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Distinctive burst of VIS code bits at the beginning, then a rhythmic sound as the scan lines of video are sent<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:Robot36C.WAV]]<br />
| [[File:Sstv_waterfall.png|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| Weather Fascimile [[Fax]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 1500-2300 Hz<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Rhythmic sound as the scan lines of video are sent twice a second<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:Fax_signal.mp3]]<br />
| [[File:fax_waterfall.png|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| Hellschreiber [[Hellschreiber]]<br />
| Mostly in the ham radio bands<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Scratchy sound as the pixels of each character are sent<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
==Unidentified Signals==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| HFU UNID001<br />
Sweepers<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range, but primarily noticed above 10000 kHz<br />
| Sub 2 kHz to over 200 kHz<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Various shapes, but typically presents as a sweeping, unstable, signal on a waterfall<br />
| Unknown, a strong theory is these are related to industrial processes, possibly RF Welding<br />
| [[Media:UNID001_Sweepers.mp3]]<br />
Sweeper recording, multple examples<br />
| [[File:UNID001_Sweepers.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| HFU UNID002<br />
Pips<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically very narrow, as CW, but occasionally with light 3 kHz modulation<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Appears as a periodic dit or dash on a waterfall with fixed spacing between Pips, typical lengths are 0.063 to 1.5 sec, spacing has ranged from 3.0 to 27 seconds<br />
| Unknown<br />
| [[Media:UNID002_Pips.mp3]]<br />
Pips recording, multiple examples<br />
| [[File:UNID002_Pips.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
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<div></div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/File:Win7_06.jpgFile:Win7 06.jpg2015-07-04T21:10:09Z<p>Token: </p>
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<div></div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/File:XP_05.jpgFile:XP 05.jpg2015-07-04T21:04:39Z<p>Token: </p>
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<div></div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Windows_Audio_RoutingWindows Audio Routing2015-07-04T21:02:34Z<p>Token: </p>
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<div>''' How to get the audio from an SDR to a piece of recording or decoding software on the same PC? '''<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
''' The following technique does not work for everyone based on their specific hardware and software, but it does work for a large number of users. '''<br />
<br />
Many times a suggestion to solve this issue is to get a program like VAC (Virtual Audio Cable) that is designed specifically to do this. VAC and similar programs often work quite well, but they are not the only game in town. Many times you can achieve the same results using only the software provided under Windows, and using the "default record source" that has been a part of Windows for a long time. Default record source just tells Windows what input to look at as its primary recorded sound input, and this is the sound path that can be sent to almost any software in the PC, not just recording software.<br />
<br />
The following solutions are not going to work for everyone, but it does work on many PCs under XP, XP Pro, and Windows 7, depending on the specific hardware and device drivers involved. Some older sound cards do not support this operation, and some modern hardware does support the operation but the drivers are not configured for it, leaving the user potentially high and dry.<br />
<br />
This Wiki entry does not cover specific SDR software or recording / decoding software. Specifics of nomenclature vary across recording / decoding software, but they often use terms like "default recording source" or "primary capture device" to select the same source configured here.<br />
<br />
Each OS, service pack, and audio program, may look slightly different, but the general idea or meaning is often the same. Each OS will be addressed separately, starting with Windows XP and then Windows 7.<br />
<br />
It is strongly recommended that before you start these adjustments you create a System Restore Point that you can revert to.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''Windows XP and XP Pro'''<br />
<br />
''' Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows XP. '''<br />
<br />
Generally XP is very easy to set up for Wave Out or Stereo Mix (there are other possible similar names used with some sound card drivers, "Wave" seems to be the very common) as your default record source.<br />
<br />
On the Desktop locate the "Systray" in the lower right hand corner of the screen. Locate the Speaker icon in the Systray. The drivers for some sound cards change this and supply a different control panel, if that is the case you might have to modify what is described here a bit.<br />
<br />
[[File:XP_01.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
After right clicking on the speaker icon pull up the menu and left click on "Open Volume Control".<br />
<br />
[[File:XP_02.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
The "Volume Control Panel" should now be open. Under "Options" menu pull down to "Properties" and left click that.<br />
<br />
[[File:XP_03.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
You will now want to make sure you are setting the right sound card input, if you have more than one sound card. You will also want to select the "Recording" option, this will bring up the possible record source devices. And then you will want to check mark any sources you might want to use for recording. In the case of what we are trying to do here it might be "Stereo Mix" or "Wave Out". In the case in the pictures "Wave" is the right answer. After you have made your selections hit "OK".<br />
<br />
[[File:XP_04.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
You are now in the "Recording Control Panel". Put a check mark in the "Select" box for the source you want the audio to come from, and adjust the Mixer sliders as needed to control the recorded audio levels. Close the window and you should be good to go, assuming your Decode / Record software is set to take the Windows Default Recording source.<br />
<br />
[[File:XP_05.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''Windows 7'''<br />
<br />
''' Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows 7 Ultimate. '''<br />
<br />
Widows 7 is sometimes a bit more difficult to set up for the default record source. 7 has a tendency to hide features from the user, and this case is no exception. Specifically disabled or unused sources are sometimes not immediately seen in some control panels, and unless you know to go looking for them and turn them on you might not think their use is even an option.<br />
<br />
It the lower right corner of the Desktop locate the Systray (note that I have my desktop set up to look like XP). In Systray right click on the Speaker icon.<br />
<br />
[[File:Win7_01.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
Move the cursor up, hi-lite Record Devices, and left click on it.<br />
<br />
[[File:Win7_02.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The Sound Control Panel should open, with the Record tab selected. This will show you all the record sources that you could select. Windows 7 often hides unused sources by default, so you may not see many sources there at all, or they may all show up, depending on your settings. The below image shows nothing but a Microphone selectable, and was the original configuration for my laptop audio.<br />
<br />
[[File:Win7_03.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Obviously the Microphone as an audio source is great for things like Skype, but does not work too well if we are trying to get the audio from an SDR into recording or decoding software. Right click in the white area under the Microphone, were nothing else is seen. This should bring up a pop-up with two choices, "Show Disabled Devices" and "Show Disconnected Devices". Select both of these options.<br />
<br />
[[File:Win7_04.jpg]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Win7_05.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
If at this point Stereo Mix ( or something similarly worded to that ) is not a selectable option then you may have a problem. In the case of my laptop it was not a selectable option until after I went in and edited the driver a bit, a process that is a bit lengthy and I will not cover here. You may, or may not, be able to do something similar, depending on your hardware and drivers.<br />
<br />
Select the "Stereo Mix" icon to hi-lite it and then press the "Set Default" button.<br />
<br />
[[File:Win7_06.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
If you have been successful there should be a green bubble next to the Stereo Mix icon and there should be a check mark in the bubble. Hit the "OK" button and the control panel should close.<br />
<br />
[[File:Win7_07.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
If all has gone well the Stereo Mix should be your default record source, and if your record / decode software is configured to take its audio from the Windows Default Record source you should be good to go.</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Windows_Audio_RoutingWindows Audio Routing2015-07-04T21:00:35Z<p>Token: </p>
<hr />
<div>''' How to get the audio from an SDR to a piece of recording or decoding software on the same PC? '''<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
''' The following technique does not work for everyone based on their specific hardware and software, but it does work for a large number of users. '''<br />
<br />
Many times a suggestion to solve this issue is to get a program like VAC (Virtual Audio Cable) that is designed specifically to do this. VAC and similar programs often work quite well, but they are not the only game in town. Many times you can achieve the same results using only the software provided under Windows, and using the "default record source" that has been a part of Windows for a long time. Default record source just tells Windows what input to look at as its primary recorded sound input, and this is the sound path that can be sent to almost any software in the PC, not just recording software.<br />
<br />
The following solutions are not going to work for everyone, but it does work on many PCs under XP, XP Pro, and Windows 7, depending on the specific hardware and device drivers involved. Some older sound cards do not support this operation, and some modern hardware does support the operation but the drivers are not configured for it, leaving the user potentially high and dry.<br />
<br />
This Wiki entry does not cover specific SDR software or recording / decoding software. Specifics of nomenclature vary across recording / decoding software, but they often use terms like "default recording source" or "primary capture device" to select the same source configured here.<br />
<br />
Each OS, service pack, and audio program, may look slightly different, but the general idea or meaning is often the same. Each OS will be addressed separately, starting with Windows XP and then Windows 7.<br />
<br />
It is strongly recommended that before you start these adjustments you create a System Restore Point that you can revert to.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''Windows XP and XP Pro'''<br />
<br />
''' Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows XP. '''<br />
<br />
Generally XP is very easy to set up for Wave Out or Stereo Mix (there are other possible similar names used with some sound card drivers, "Wave" seems to be the very common) as your default record source.<br />
<br />
On the Desktop locate the "Systray" in the lower right hand corner of the screen. Locate the Speaker icon in the Systray. The drivers for some sound cards change this and supply a different control panel, if that is the case you might have to modify what is described here a bit.<br />
<br />
[[File:XP_01.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
After right clicking on the speaker icon pull up the menu and left click on "Open Volume Control".<br />
<br />
[[File:XP_02.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
The "Volume Control Panel" should now be open. Under "Options" menu pull down to "Properties" and left click that.<br />
<br />
[[File:XP_03.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
You will now want to make sure you are setting the right sound card input, if you have more than one sound card. You will also want to select the "Recording" option, this will bring up the possible record source devices. And then you will want to check mark any sources you might want to use for recording. In the case of what we are trying to do here it might be "Stereo Mix" or "Wave Out". In the case in the pictures "Wave" is the right answer. After you have made your selections hit "OK".<br />
<br />
[[File:XP_04.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
You are now in the "Recording Control Panel". Put a check mark in the "Select" box for the source you want the audio to come from, and adjust the Mixer sliders as needed to control the recorded audio levels. Close the window and you should be good to go, assuming your Decode / Record software is set to take the Windows Default Recording source.<br />
<br />
[[File:XP_05.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
'''Windows 7'''<br />
<br />
''' Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows 7 Ultimate. '''<br />
<br />
Widows 7 is sometimes a bit more difficult to set up for the default record source. 7 has a tendency to hide features from the user, and this case is no exception. Specifically disabled or unused sources are sometimes not immediately seen in some control panels, and unless you know to go looking for them and turn them on you might not think their use is even an option.<br />
<br />
It the lower right corner of the Desktop locate the Systray (note that I have my desktop set up to look like XP). In Systray right click on the Speaker icon.<br />
IMAGE Win7_01<br />
<br />
<br />
Move the cursor up, hi-lite Record Devices, and left click on it.<br />
IMAGE Win7_02<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The Sound Control Panel should open, with the Record tab selected. This will show you all the record sources that you could select. Windows 7 often hides unused sources by default, so you may not see many sources there at all, or they may all show up, depending on your settings. The below image shows nothing but a Microphone selectable, and was the original configuration for my laptop audio.<br />
IMAGE Win7_03<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Obviously the Microphone as an audio source is great for things like Skype, but does not work too well if we are trying to get the audio from an SDR into recording or decoding software. Right click in the white area under the Microphone, were nothing else is seen. This should bring up a pop-up with two choices, "Show Disabled Devices" and "Show Disconnected Devices". Select both of these options.<br />
IMAGE Win7_04<br />
IMAGE Win7_05<br />
<br />
<br />
If at this point Stereo Mix ( or something similarly worded to that ) is not a selectable option then you may have a problem. In the case of my laptop it was not a selectable option until after I went in and edited the driver a bit, a process that is a bit lengthy and I will not cover here. You may, or may not, be able to do something similar, depending on your hardware and drivers.<br />
<br />
Select the "Stereo Mix" icon to hi-lite it and then press the "Set Default" button.<br />
IMAGE Win7_06<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
If you have been successful there should be a green bubble next to the Stereo Mix icon and there should be a check mark in the bubble. Hit the "OK" button and the control panel should close.<br />
IMAGE Win7_07<br />
<br />
<br />
If all has gone well the Stereo Mix should be your default record source, and if your record / decode software is configured to take its audio from the Windows Default Record source you should be good to go.</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Windows_Audio_RoutingWindows Audio Routing2015-07-04T20:59:14Z<p>Token: </p>
<hr />
<div>''' How to get the audio from an SDR to a piece of recording or decoding software on the same PC? '''<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
''' The following technique does not work for everyone based on their specific hardware and software, but it does work for a large number of users. '''<br />
<br />
Many times a suggestion to solve this issue is to get a program like VAC (Virtual Audio Cable) that is designed specifically to do this. VAC and similar programs often work quite well, but they are not the only game in town. Many times you can achieve the same results using only the software provided under Windows, and using the "default record source" that has been a part of Windows for a long time. Default record source just tells Windows what input to look at as its primary recorded sound input, and this is the sound path that can be sent to almost any software in the PC, not just recording software.<br />
<br />
The following solutions are not going to work for everyone, but it does work on many PCs under XP, XP Pro, and Windows 7, depending on the specific hardware and device drivers involved. Some older sound cards do not support this operation, and some modern hardware does support the operation but the drivers are not configured for it, leaving the user potentially high and dry.<br />
<br />
This Wiki entry does not cover specific SDR software or recording / decoding software. Specifics of nomenclature vary across recording / decoding software, but they often use terms like "default recording source" or "primary capture device" to select the same source configured here.<br />
<br />
Each OS, service pack, and audio program, may look slightly different, but the general idea or meaning is often the same. Each OS will be addressed separately, starting with Windows XP and then Windows 7.<br />
<br />
It is strongly recommended that before you start these adjustments you create a System Restore Point that you can revert to.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
''' Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows XP. '''<br />
<br />
Generally XP is very easy to set up for Wave Out or Stereo Mix (there are other possible similar names used with some sound card drivers, "Wave" seems to be the very common) as your default record source.<br />
<br />
On the Desktop locate the "Systray" in the lower right hand corner of the screen. Locate the Speaker icon in the Systray. The drivers for some sound cards change this and supply a different control panel, if that is the case you might have to modify what is described here a bit.<br />
<br />
[[File:XP_01.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
After right clicking on the speaker icon pull up the menu and left click on "Open Volume Control".<br />
<br />
[[File:XP_02.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
The "Volume Control Panel" should now be open. Under "Options" menu pull down to "Properties" and left click that.<br />
<br />
[[File:XP_03.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
You will now want to make sure you are setting the right sound card input, if you have more than one sound card. You will also want to select the "Recording" option, this will bring up the possible record source devices. And then you will want to check mark any sources you might want to use for recording. In the case of what we are trying to do here it might be "Stereo Mix" or "Wave Out". In the case in the pictures "Wave" is the right answer. After you have made your selections hit "OK".<br />
<br />
[[File:XP_04.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
You are now in the "Recording Control Panel". Put a check mark in the "Select" box for the source you want the audio to come from, and adjust the Mixer sliders as needed to control the recorded audio levels. Close the window and you should be good to go, assuming your Decode / Record software is set to take the Windows Default Recording source.<br />
<br />
[[File:XP_05.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
''' Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows 7 Ultimate. '''<br />
<br />
Widows 7 is sometimes a bit more difficult to set up for the default record source. 7 has a tendency to hide features from the user, and this case is no exception. Specifically disabled or unused sources are sometimes not immediately seen in some control panels, and unless you know to go looking for them and turn them on you might not think their use is even an option.<br />
<br />
It the lower right corner of the Desktop locate the Systray (note that I have my desktop set up to look like XP). In Systray right click on the Speaker icon.<br />
IMAGE Win7_01<br />
<br />
<br />
Move the cursor up, hi-lite Record Devices, and left click on it.<br />
IMAGE Win7_02<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The Sound Control Panel should open, with the Record tab selected. This will show you all the record sources that you could select. Windows 7 often hides unused sources by default, so you may not see many sources there at all, or they may all show up, depending on your settings. The below image shows nothing but a Microphone selectable, and was the original configuration for my laptop audio.<br />
IMAGE Win7_03<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Obviously the Microphone as an audio source is great for things like Skype, but does not work too well if we are trying to get the audio from an SDR into recording or decoding software. Right click in the white area under the Microphone, were nothing else is seen. This should bring up a pop-up with two choices, "Show Disabled Devices" and "Show Disconnected Devices". Select both of these options.<br />
IMAGE Win7_04<br />
IMAGE Win7_05<br />
<br />
<br />
If at this point Stereo Mix ( or something similarly worded to that ) is not a selectable option then you may have a problem. In the case of my laptop it was not a selectable option until after I went in and edited the driver a bit, a process that is a bit lengthy and I will not cover here. You may, or may not, be able to do something similar, depending on your hardware and drivers.<br />
<br />
Select the "Stereo Mix" icon to hi-lite it and then press the "Set Default" button.<br />
IMAGE Win7_06<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
If you have been successful there should be a green bubble next to the Stereo Mix icon and there should be a check mark in the bubble. Hit the "OK" button and the control panel should close.<br />
IMAGE Win7_07<br />
<br />
<br />
If all has gone well the Stereo Mix should be your default record source, and if your record / decode software is configured to take its audio from the Windows Default Record source you should be good to go.</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Windows_Audio_RoutingWindows Audio Routing2015-07-04T20:58:36Z<p>Token: </p>
<hr />
<div>''' How to get the audio from an SDR to a piece of recording or decoding software on the same PC? '''<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
''' The following technique does not work for everyone based on their specific hardware and software, but it does work for a large number of users. '''<br />
<br />
Many times a suggestion to solve this issue is to get a program like VAC (Virtual Audio Cable) that is designed specifically to do this. VAC and similar programs often work quite well, but they are not the only game in town. Many times you can achieve the same results using only the software provided under Windows, and using the "default record source" that has been a part of Windows for a long time. Default record source just tells Windows what input to look at as its primary recorded sound input, and this is the sound path that can be sent to almost any software in the PC, not just recording software.<br />
<br />
The following solutions are not going to work for everyone, but it does work on many PCs under XP, XP Pro, and Windows 7, depending on the specific hardware and device drivers involved. Some older sound cards do not support this operation, and some modern hardware does support the operation but the drivers are not configured for it, leaving the user potentially high and dry.<br />
<br />
This Wiki entry does not cover specific SDR software or recording / decoding software. Specifics of nomenclature vary across recording / decoding software, but they often use terms like "default recording source" or "primary capture device" to select the same source configured here.<br />
<br />
Each OS, service pack, and audio program, may look slightly different, but the general idea or meaning is often the same. Each OS will be addressed separately, starting with Windows XP and then Windows 7.<br />
<br />
It is strongly recommended that before you start these adjustments you create a System Restore Point that you can revert to.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
''' Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows XP. '''<br />
<br />
Generally XP is very easy to set up for Wave Out or Stereo Mix (there are other possible similar names used with some sound card drivers, "Wave" seems to be the very common) as your default record source.<br />
<br />
On the Desktop locate the "Systray" in the lower right hand corner of the screen. Locate the Speaker icon in the Systray. The drivers for some sound cards change this and supply a different control panel, if that is the case you might have to modify what is described here a bit.<br />
<br />
[[File:XP_01.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
After right clicking on the speaker icon pull up the menu and left click on "Open Volume Control".<br />
<br />
[[File:XP_02.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
The "Volume Control Panel" should now be open. Under "Options" menu pull down to "Properties" and left click that.<br />
<br />
[[File:XP_03.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
You will now want to make sure you are setting the right sound card input, if you have more than one sound card. You will also want to select the "Recording" option, this will bring up the possible record source devices. And then you will want to check mark any sources you might want to use for recording. In the case of what we are trying to do here it might be "Stereo Mix" or "Wave Out". In the case in the pictures "Wave" is the right answer. After you have made your selections hit "OK".<br />
<br />
[[File:XP_04.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
You are now in the "Recording Control Panel". Put a check mark in the "Select" box for the source you want the audio to come from, and adjust the Mixer sliders as needed to control the recorded audio levels. Close the window and you should be good to go, assuming your Decode / Record software is set to take the Windows Default Recording source.<br />
<br />
[[File:XP_05.jpg]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
''' Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows 7 Ultimate. '''<br />
<br />
Widows 7 is sometimes a bit more difficult to set up for the default record source. 7 has a tendency to hide features from the user, and this case is no exception. Specifically disabled or unused sources are sometimes not immediately seen in some control panels, and unless you know to go looking for them and turn them on you might not think their use is even an option.<br />
<br />
It the lower right corner of the Desktop locate the Systray (note that I have my desktop set up to look like XP). In Systray right click on the Speaker icon.<br />
IMAGE Win7_01<br />
<br />
<br />
Move the cursor up, hi-lite Record Devices, and left click on it.<br />
IMAGE Win7_02<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The Sound Control Panel should open, with the Record tab selected. This will show you all the record sources that you could select. Windows 7 often hides unused sources by default, so you may not see many sources there at all, or they may all show up, depending on your settings. The below image shows nothing but a Microphone selectable, and was the original configuration for my laptop audio.<br />
IMAGE Win7_03<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Obviously the Microphone as an audio source is great for things like Skype, but does not work too well if we are trying to get the audio from an SDR into recording or decoding software. Right click in the white area under the Microphone, were nothing else is seen. This should bring up a pop-up with two choices, "Show Disabled Devices" and "Show Disconnected Devices". Select both of these options.<br />
IMAGE Win7_04<br />
IMAGE Win7_05<br />
<br />
<br />
If at this point Stereo Mix ( or something similarly worded to that ) is not a selectable option then you may have a problem. In the case of my laptop it was not a selectable option until after I went in and edited the driver a bit, a process that is a bit lengthy and I will not cover here. You may, or may not, be able to do something similar, depending on your hardware and drivers.<br />
<br />
Select the "Stereo Mix" icon to hi-lite it and then press the "Set Default" button.<br />
IMAGE Win7_06<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
If you have been successful there should be a green bubble next to the Stereo Mix icon and there should be a check mark in the bubble. Hit the "OK" button and the control panel should close.<br />
IMAGE Win7_07<br />
<br />
<br />
If all has gone well the Stereo Mix should be your default record source, and if your record / decode software is configured to take its audio from the Windows Default Record source you should be good to go.</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/File:XP_01.jpgFile:XP 01.jpg2015-07-04T20:55:59Z<p>Token: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Windows_Audio_RoutingWindows Audio Routing2015-07-04T20:55:33Z<p>Token: </p>
<hr />
<div>''' How to get the audio from an SDR to a piece of recording or decoding software on the same PC? '''<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
''' The following technique does not work for everyone based on their specific hardware and software, but it does work for a large number of users. '''<br />
<br />
Many times a suggestion to solve this issue is to get a program like VAC (Virtual Audio Cable) that is designed specifically to do this. VAC and similar programs often work quite well, but they are not the only game in town. Many times you can achieve the same results using only the software provided under Windows, and using the "default record source" that has been a part of Windows for a long time. Default record source just tells Windows what input to look at as its primary recorded sound input, and this is the sound path that can be sent to almost any software in the PC, not just recording software.<br />
<br />
The following solutions are not going to work for everyone, but it does work on many PCs under XP, XP Pro, and Windows 7, depending on the specific hardware and device drivers involved. Some older sound cards do not support this operation, and some modern hardware does support the operation but the drivers are not configured for it, leaving the user potentially high and dry.<br />
<br />
This Wiki entry does not cover specific SDR software or recording / decoding software. Specifics of nomenclature vary across recording / decoding software, but they often use terms like "default recording source" or "primary capture device" to select the same source configured here.<br />
<br />
Each OS, service pack, and audio program, may look slightly different, but the general idea or meaning is often the same. Each OS will be addressed separately, starting with Windows XP and then Windows 7.<br />
<br />
It is strongly recommended that before you start these adjustments you create a System Restore Point that you can revert to.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
''' Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows XP. '''<br />
<br />
Generally XP is very easy to set up for Wave Out or Stereo Mix (there are other possible similar names used with some sound card drivers, "Wave" seems to be the very common) as your default record source.<br />
<br />
On the Desktop locate the "Systray" in the lower right hand corner of the screen. Locate the Speaker icon in the Systray. The drivers for some sound cards change this and supply a different control panel, if that is the case you might have to modify what is described here a bit.<br />
[[File:XP_01.jpg|200px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
After right clicking on the speaker icon pull up the menu and left click on "Open Volume Control".<br />
IMAGE XP_02<br />
<br />
<br />
The "Volume Control Panel" should now be open. Under "Options" menu pull down to "Properties" and left click that.<br />
IMAGE XP_03<br />
<br />
<br />
You will now want to make sure you are setting the right sound card input, if you have more than one sound card. You will also want to select the "Recording" option, this will bring up the possible record source devices. And then you will want to check mark any sources you might want to use for recording. In the case of what we are trying to do here it might be "Stereo Mix" or "Wave Out". In the case in the pictures "Wave" is the right answer. After you have made your selections hit "OK".<br />
IMAGE XP_04<br />
<br />
<br />
You are now in the "Recording Control Panel". Put a check mark in the "Select" box for the source you want the audio to come from, and adjust the Mixer sliders as needed to control the recorded audio levels. Close the window and you should be good to go, assuming your Decode / Record software is set to take the Windows Default Recording source.<br />
IMAGE XP_05<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
''' Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows 7 Ultimate. '''<br />
<br />
Widows 7 is sometimes a bit more difficult to set up for the default record source. 7 has a tendency to hide features from the user, and this case is no exception. Specifically disabled or unused sources are sometimes not immediately seen in some control panels, and unless you know to go looking for them and turn them on you might not think their use is even an option.<br />
<br />
It the lower right corner of the Desktop locate the Systray (note that I have my desktop set up to look like XP). In Systray right click on the Speaker icon.<br />
IMAGE Win7_01<br />
<br />
<br />
Move the cursor up, hi-lite Record Devices, and left click on it.<br />
IMAGE Win7_02<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The Sound Control Panel should open, with the Record tab selected. This will show you all the record sources that you could select. Windows 7 often hides unused sources by default, so you may not see many sources there at all, or they may all show up, depending on your settings. The below image shows nothing but a Microphone selectable, and was the original configuration for my laptop audio.<br />
IMAGE Win7_03<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Obviously the Microphone as an audio source is great for things like Skype, but does not work too well if we are trying to get the audio from an SDR into recording or decoding software. Right click in the white area under the Microphone, were nothing else is seen. This should bring up a pop-up with two choices, "Show Disabled Devices" and "Show Disconnected Devices". Select both of these options.<br />
IMAGE Win7_04<br />
IMAGE Win7_05<br />
<br />
<br />
If at this point Stereo Mix ( or something similarly worded to that ) is not a selectable option then you may have a problem. In the case of my laptop it was not a selectable option until after I went in and edited the driver a bit, a process that is a bit lengthy and I will not cover here. You may, or may not, be able to do something similar, depending on your hardware and drivers.<br />
<br />
Select the "Stereo Mix" icon to hi-lite it and then press the "Set Default" button.<br />
IMAGE Win7_06<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
If you have been successful there should be a green bubble next to the Stereo Mix icon and there should be a check mark in the bubble. Hit the "OK" button and the control panel should close.<br />
IMAGE Win7_07<br />
<br />
<br />
If all has gone well the Stereo Mix should be your default record source, and if your record / decode software is configured to take its audio from the Windows Default Record source you should be good to go.</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Windows_Audio_RoutingWindows Audio Routing2015-07-04T20:53:05Z<p>Token: </p>
<hr />
<div>''' How to get the audio from an SDR to a piece of recording or decoding software on the same PC? '''<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
''' The following technique does not work for everyone based on their specific hardware and software, but it does work for a large number of users. '''<br />
<br />
Many times a suggestion to solve this issue is to get a program like VAC (Virtual Audio Cable) that is designed specifically to do this. VAC and similar programs often work quite well, but they are not the only game in town. Many times you can achieve the same results using only the software provided under Windows, and using the "default record source" that has been a part of Windows for a long time. Default record source just tells Windows what input to look at as its primary recorded sound input, and this is the sound path that can be sent to almost any software in the PC, not just recording software.<br />
<br />
The following solutions are not going to work for everyone, but it does work on many PCs under XP, XP Pro, and Windows 7, depending on the specific hardware and device drivers involved. Some older sound cards do not support this operation, and some modern hardware does support the operation but the drivers are not configured for it, leaving the user potentially high and dry.<br />
<br />
This Wiki entry does not cover specific SDR software or recording / decoding software. Specifics of nomenclature vary across recording / decoding software, but they often use terms like "default recording source" or "primary capture device" to select the same source configured here.<br />
<br />
Each OS, service pack, and audio program, may look slightly different, but the general idea or meaning is often the same. Each OS will be addressed separately, starting with Windows XP and then Windows 7.<br />
<br />
It is strongly recommended that before you start these adjustments you create a System Restore Point that you can revert to.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
''' Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows XP. '''<br />
<br />
Generally XP is very easy to set up for Wave Out or Stereo Mix (there are other possible similar names used with some sound card drivers, "Wave" seems to be the very common) as your default record source.<br />
<br />
On the Desktop locate the "Systray" in the lower right hand corner of the screen. Locate the Speaker icon in the Systray. The drivers for some sound cards change this and supply a different control panel, if that is the case you might have to modify what is described here a bit.<br />
IMAGE XP_01<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
After right clicking on the speaker icon pull up the menu and left click on "Open Volume Control".<br />
IMAGE XP_02<br />
<br />
<br />
The "Volume Control Panel" should now be open. Under "Options" menu pull down to "Properties" and left click that.<br />
IMAGE XP_03<br />
<br />
<br />
You will now want to make sure you are setting the right sound card input, if you have more than one sound card. You will also want to select the "Recording" option, this will bring up the possible record source devices. And then you will want to check mark any sources you might want to use for recording. In the case of what we are trying to do here it might be "Stereo Mix" or "Wave Out". In the case in the pictures "Wave" is the right answer. After you have made your selections hit "OK".<br />
IMAGE XP_04<br />
<br />
<br />
You are now in the "Recording Control Panel". Put a check mark in the "Select" box for the source you want the audio to come from, and adjust the Mixer sliders as needed to control the recorded audio levels. Close the window and you should be good to go, assuming your Decode / Record software is set to take the Windows Default Recording source.<br />
IMAGE XP_05<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
''' Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows 7 Ultimate. '''<br />
<br />
Widows 7 is sometimes a bit more difficult to set up for the default record source. 7 has a tendency to hide features from the user, and this case is no exception. Specifically disabled or unused sources are sometimes not immediately seen in some control panels, and unless you know to go looking for them and turn them on you might not think their use is even an option.<br />
<br />
It the lower right corner of the Desktop locate the Systray (note that I have my desktop set up to look like XP). In Systray right click on the Speaker icon.<br />
IMAGE Win7_01<br />
<br />
<br />
Move the cursor up, hi-lite Record Devices, and left click on it.<br />
IMAGE Win7_02<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The Sound Control Panel should open, with the Record tab selected. This will show you all the record sources that you could select. Windows 7 often hides unused sources by default, so you may not see many sources there at all, or they may all show up, depending on your settings. The below image shows nothing but a Microphone selectable, and was the original configuration for my laptop audio.<br />
IMAGE Win7_03<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Obviously the Microphone as an audio source is great for things like Skype, but does not work too well if we are trying to get the audio from an SDR into recording or decoding software. Right click in the white area under the Microphone, were nothing else is seen. This should bring up a pop-up with two choices, "Show Disabled Devices" and "Show Disconnected Devices". Select both of these options.<br />
IMAGE Win7_04<br />
IMAGE Win7_05<br />
<br />
<br />
If at this point Stereo Mix ( or something similarly worded to that ) is not a selectable option then you may have a problem. In the case of my laptop it was not a selectable option until after I went in and edited the driver a bit, a process that is a bit lengthy and I will not cover here. You may, or may not, be able to do something similar, depending on your hardware and drivers.<br />
<br />
Select the "Stereo Mix" icon to hi-lite it and then press the "Set Default" button.<br />
IMAGE Win7_06<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
If you have been successful there should be a green bubble next to the Stereo Mix icon and there should be a check mark in the bubble. Hit the "OK" button and the control panel should close.<br />
IMAGE Win7_07<br />
<br />
<br />
If all has gone well the Stereo Mix should be your default record source, and if your record / decode software is configured to take its audio from the Windows Default Record source you should be good to go.</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Windows_Audio_RoutingWindows Audio Routing2015-07-04T20:48:35Z<p>Token: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''' How to get the audio from an SDR to a piece of recording or decoding software on the same PC? ''''<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
== The following technique does not work for everyone based on their specific hardware and software, but it does work for a large number of users. ==<br />
<br />
Many times a suggestion to solve this issue is to get a program like VAC (Virtual Audio Cable) that is designed specifically to do this. VAC and similar programs often work quite well, but they are not the only game in town. Many times you can achieve the same results using only the software provided under Windows, and using the "default record source" that has been a part of Windows for a long time. Default record source just tells Windows what input to look at as its primary recorded sound input, and this is the sound path that can be sent to almost any software in the PC, not just recording software.<br />
<br />
The following solutions are not going to work for everyone, but it does work on many PCs under XP, XP Pro, and Windows 7, depending on the specific hardware and device drivers involved. Some older sound cards do not support this operation, and some modern hardware does support the operation but the drivers are not configured for it, leaving the user potentially high and dry.<br />
<br />
This Wiki entry does not cover specific SDR software or recording / decoding software. Specifics of nomenclature vary across recording / decoding software, but they often use terms like "default recording source" or "primary capture device" to select the same source configured here.<br />
<br />
Each OS, service pack, and audio program, may look slightly different, but the general idea or meaning is often the same. Each OS will be addressed separately, starting with Windows XP and then Windows 7.<br />
<br />
It is strongly recommended that before you start these adjustments you create a System Restore Point that you can revert to.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows XP. ==<br />
<br />
Generally XP is very easy to set up for Wave Out or Stereo Mix (there are other possible similar names used with some sound card drivers, "Wave" seems to be the very common) as your default record source.<br />
<br />
On the Desktop locate the "Systray" in the lower right hand corner of the screen. Locate the Speaker icon in the Systray. The drivers for some sound cards change this and supply a different control panel, if that is the case you might have to modify what is described here a bit.<br />
IMAGE XP_01<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
After right clicking on the speaker icon pull up the menu and left click on "Open Volume Control".<br />
IMAGE XP_02<br />
<br />
<br />
The "Volume Control Panel" should now be open. Under "Options" menu pull down to "Properties" and left click that.<br />
IMAGE XP_03<br />
<br />
<br />
You will now want to make sure you are setting the right sound card input, if you have more than one sound card. You will also want to select the "Recording" option, this will bring up the possible record source devices. And then you will want to check mark any sources you might want to use for recording. In the case of what we are trying to do here it might be "Stereo Mix" or "Wave Out". In the case in the pictures "Wave" is the right answer. After you have made your selections hit "OK".<br />
IMAGE XP_04<br />
<br />
<br />
You are now in the "Recording Control Panel". Put a check mark in the "Select" box for the source you want the audio to come from, and adjust the Mixer sliders as needed to control the recorded audio levels. Close the window and you should be good to go, assuming your Decode / Record software is set to take the Windows Default Recording source.<br />
IMAGE XP_05<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows 7 Ultimate. ==<br />
<br />
Widows 7 is sometimes a bit more difficult to set up for the default record source. 7 has a tendency to hide features from the user, and this case is no exception. Specifically disabled or unused sources are sometimes not immediately seen in some control panels, and unless you know to go looking for them and turn them on you might not think their use is even an option.<br />
<br />
It the lower right corner of the Desktop locate the Systray (note that I have my desktop set up to look like XP). In Systray right click on the Speaker icon.<br />
IMAGE Win7_01<br />
<br />
<br />
Move the cursor up, hi-lite Record Devices, and left click on it.<br />
IMAGE Win7_02<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The Sound Control Panel should open, with the Record tab selected. This will show you all the record sources that you could select. Windows 7 often hides unused sources by default, so you may not see many sources there at all, or they may all show up, depending on your settings. The below image shows nothing but a Microphone selectable, and was the original configuration for my laptop audio.<br />
IMAGE Win7_03<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Obviously the Microphone as an audio source is great for things like Skype, but does not work too well if we are trying to get the audio from an SDR into recording or decoding software. Right click in the white area under the Microphone, were nothing else is seen. This should bring up a pop-up with two choices, "Show Disabled Devices" and "Show Disconnected Devices". Select both of these options.<br />
IMAGE Win7_04<br />
IMAGE Win7_05<br />
<br />
<br />
If at this point Stereo Mix ( or something similarly worded to that ) is not a selectable option then you may have a problem. In the case of my laptop it was not a selectable option until after I went in and edited the driver a bit, a process that is a bit lengthy and I will not cover here. You may, or may not, be able to do something similar, depending on your hardware and drivers.<br />
<br />
Select the "Stereo Mix" icon to hi-lite it and then press the "Set Default" button.<br />
IMAGE Win7_06<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
If you have been successful there should be a green bubble next to the Stereo Mix icon and there should be a check mark in the bubble. Hit the "OK" button and the control panel should close.<br />
IMAGE Win7_07<br />
<br />
<br />
If all has gone well the Stereo Mix should be your default record source, and if your record / decode software is configured to take its audio from the Windows Default Record source you should be good to go.</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Windows_Audio_RoutingWindows Audio Routing2015-07-04T20:48:10Z<p>Token: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''' Bold text''''''How to get the audio from an SDR to a piece of recording or decoding software on the same PC? ''''<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
== The following technique does not work for everyone based on their specific hardware and software, but it does work for a large number of users. ==<br />
<br />
Many times a suggestion to solve this issue is to get a program like VAC (Virtual Audio Cable) that is designed specifically to do this. VAC and similar programs often work quite well, but they are not the only game in town. Many times you can achieve the same results using only the software provided under Windows, and using the "default record source" that has been a part of Windows for a long time. Default record source just tells Windows what input to look at as its primary recorded sound input, and this is the sound path that can be sent to almost any software in the PC, not just recording software.<br />
<br />
The following solutions are not going to work for everyone, but it does work on many PCs under XP, XP Pro, and Windows 7, depending on the specific hardware and device drivers involved. Some older sound cards do not support this operation, and some modern hardware does support the operation but the drivers are not configured for it, leaving the user potentially high and dry.<br />
<br />
This Wiki entry does not cover specific SDR software or recording / decoding software. Specifics of nomenclature vary across recording / decoding software, but they often use terms like "default recording source" or "primary capture device" to select the same source configured here.<br />
<br />
Each OS, service pack, and audio program, may look slightly different, but the general idea or meaning is often the same. Each OS will be addressed separately, starting with Windows XP and then Windows 7.<br />
<br />
It is strongly recommended that before you start these adjustments you create a System Restore Point that you can revert to.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows XP. ==<br />
<br />
Generally XP is very easy to set up for Wave Out or Stereo Mix (there are other possible similar names used with some sound card drivers, "Wave" seems to be the very common) as your default record source.<br />
<br />
On the Desktop locate the "Systray" in the lower right hand corner of the screen. Locate the Speaker icon in the Systray. The drivers for some sound cards change this and supply a different control panel, if that is the case you might have to modify what is described here a bit.<br />
IMAGE XP_01<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
After right clicking on the speaker icon pull up the menu and left click on "Open Volume Control".<br />
IMAGE XP_02<br />
<br />
<br />
The "Volume Control Panel" should now be open. Under "Options" menu pull down to "Properties" and left click that.<br />
IMAGE XP_03<br />
<br />
<br />
You will now want to make sure you are setting the right sound card input, if you have more than one sound card. You will also want to select the "Recording" option, this will bring up the possible record source devices. And then you will want to check mark any sources you might want to use for recording. In the case of what we are trying to do here it might be "Stereo Mix" or "Wave Out". In the case in the pictures "Wave" is the right answer. After you have made your selections hit "OK".<br />
IMAGE XP_04<br />
<br />
<br />
You are now in the "Recording Control Panel". Put a check mark in the "Select" box for the source you want the audio to come from, and adjust the Mixer sliders as needed to control the recorded audio levels. Close the window and you should be good to go, assuming your Decode / Record software is set to take the Windows Default Recording source.<br />
IMAGE XP_05<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows 7 Ultimate. ==<br />
<br />
Widows 7 is sometimes a bit more difficult to set up for the default record source. 7 has a tendency to hide features from the user, and this case is no exception. Specifically disabled or unused sources are sometimes not immediately seen in some control panels, and unless you know to go looking for them and turn them on you might not think their use is even an option.<br />
<br />
It the lower right corner of the Desktop locate the Systray (note that I have my desktop set up to look like XP). In Systray right click on the Speaker icon.<br />
IMAGE Win7_01<br />
<br />
<br />
Move the cursor up, hi-lite Record Devices, and left click on it.<br />
IMAGE Win7_02<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The Sound Control Panel should open, with the Record tab selected. This will show you all the record sources that you could select. Windows 7 often hides unused sources by default, so you may not see many sources there at all, or they may all show up, depending on your settings. The below image shows nothing but a Microphone selectable, and was the original configuration for my laptop audio.<br />
IMAGE Win7_03<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Obviously the Microphone as an audio source is great for things like Skype, but does not work too well if we are trying to get the audio from an SDR into recording or decoding software. Right click in the white area under the Microphone, were nothing else is seen. This should bring up a pop-up with two choices, "Show Disabled Devices" and "Show Disconnected Devices". Select both of these options.<br />
IMAGE Win7_04<br />
IMAGE Win7_05<br />
<br />
<br />
If at this point Stereo Mix ( or something similarly worded to that ) is not a selectable option then you may have a problem. In the case of my laptop it was not a selectable option until after I went in and edited the driver a bit, a process that is a bit lengthy and I will not cover here. You may, or may not, be able to do something similar, depending on your hardware and drivers.<br />
<br />
Select the "Stereo Mix" icon to hi-lite it and then press the "Set Default" button.<br />
IMAGE Win7_06<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
If you have been successful there should be a green bubble next to the Stereo Mix icon and there should be a check mark in the bubble. Hit the "OK" button and the control panel should close.<br />
IMAGE Win7_07<br />
<br />
<br />
If all has gone well the Stereo Mix should be your default record source, and if your record / decode software is configured to take its audio from the Windows Default Record source you should be good to go.</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Windows_Audio_RoutingWindows Audio Routing2015-07-04T20:46:33Z<p>Token: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''How to get the audio from an SDR to a piece of recording or decoding software on the same PC?'''<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
== The following technique does not work for everyone based on their specific hardware and software, but it does work for a large number of users. ==<br />
<br />
Many times a suggestion to solve this issue is to get a program like VAC (Virtual Audio Cable) that is designed specifically to do this. VAC and similar programs often work quite well, but they are not the only game in town. Many times you can achieve the same results using only the software provided under Windows, and using the "default record source" that has been a part of Windows for a long time. Default record source just tells Windows what input to look at as its primary recorded sound input, and this is the sound path that can be sent to almost any software in the PC, not just recording software.<br />
<br />
The following solutions are not going to work for everyone, but it does work on many PCs under XP, XP Pro, and Windows 7, depending on the specific hardware and device drivers involved. Some older sound cards do not support this operation, and some modern hardware does support the operation but the drivers are not configured for it, leaving the user potentially high and dry.<br />
<br />
This Wiki entry does not cover specific SDR software or recording / decoding software. Specifics of nomenclature vary across recording / decoding software, but they often use terms like "default recording source" or "primary capture device" to select the same source configured here.<br />
<br />
Each OS, service pack, and audio program, may look slightly different, but the general idea or meaning is often the same. Each OS will be addressed separately, starting with Windows XP and then Windows 7.<br />
<br />
It is strongly recommended that before you start these adjustments you create a System Restore Point that you can revert to.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows XP. ==<br />
<br />
Generally XP is very easy to set up for Wave Out or Stereo Mix (there are other possible similar names used with some sound card drivers, "Wave" seems to be the very common) as your default record source.<br />
<br />
On the Desktop locate the "Systray" in the lower right hand corner of the screen. Locate the Speaker icon in the Systray. The drivers for some sound cards change this and supply a different control panel, if that is the case you might have to modify what is described here a bit.<br />
IMAGE XP_01<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
After right clicking on the speaker icon pull up the menu and left click on "Open Volume Control".<br />
IMAGE XP_02<br />
<br />
<br />
The "Volume Control Panel" should now be open. Under "Options" menu pull down to "Properties" and left click that.<br />
IMAGE XP_03<br />
<br />
<br />
You will now want to make sure you are setting the right sound card input, if you have more than one sound card. You will also want to select the "Recording" option, this will bring up the possible record source devices. And then you will want to check mark any sources you might want to use for recording. In the case of what we are trying to do here it might be "Stereo Mix" or "Wave Out". In the case in the pictures "Wave" is the right answer. After you have made your selections hit "OK".<br />
IMAGE XP_04<br />
<br />
<br />
You are now in the "Recording Control Panel". Put a check mark in the "Select" box for the source you want the audio to come from, and adjust the Mixer sliders as needed to control the recorded audio levels. Close the window and you should be good to go, assuming your Decode / Record software is set to take the Windows Default Recording source.<br />
IMAGE XP_05<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows 7 Ultimate. ==<br />
<br />
Widows 7 is sometimes a bit more difficult to set up for the default record source. 7 has a tendency to hide features from the user, and this case is no exception. Specifically disabled or unused sources are sometimes not immediately seen in some control panels, and unless you know to go looking for them and turn them on you might not think their use is even an option.<br />
<br />
It the lower right corner of the Desktop locate the Systray (note that I have my desktop set up to look like XP). In Systray right click on the Speaker icon.<br />
IMAGE Win7_01<br />
<br />
<br />
Move the cursor up, hi-lite Record Devices, and left click on it.<br />
IMAGE Win7_02<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The Sound Control Panel should open, with the Record tab selected. This will show you all the record sources that you could select. Windows 7 often hides unused sources by default, so you may not see many sources there at all, or they may all show up, depending on your settings. The below image shows nothing but a Microphone selectable, and was the original configuration for my laptop audio.<br />
IMAGE Win7_03<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Obviously the Microphone as an audio source is great for things like Skype, but does not work too well if we are trying to get the audio from an SDR into recording or decoding software. Right click in the white area under the Microphone, were nothing else is seen. This should bring up a pop-up with two choices, "Show Disabled Devices" and "Show Disconnected Devices". Select both of these options.<br />
IMAGE Win7_04<br />
IMAGE Win7_05<br />
<br />
<br />
If at this point Stereo Mix ( or something similarly worded to that ) is not a selectable option then you may have a problem. In the case of my laptop it was not a selectable option until after I went in and edited the driver a bit, a process that is a bit lengthy and I will not cover here. You may, or may not, be able to do something similar, depending on your hardware and drivers.<br />
<br />
Select the "Stereo Mix" icon to hi-lite it and then press the "Set Default" button.<br />
IMAGE Win7_06<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
If you have been successful there should be a green bubble next to the Stereo Mix icon and there should be a check mark in the bubble. Hit the "OK" button and the control panel should close.<br />
IMAGE Win7_07<br />
<br />
<br />
If all has gone well the Stereo Mix should be your default record source, and if your record / decode software is configured to take its audio from the Windows Default Record source you should be good to go.</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Windows_Audio_RoutingWindows Audio Routing2015-07-04T20:44:36Z<p>Token: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''How to get the audio from an SDR to a piece of recording or decoding software on the same PC?'''<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
== The following technique does not work for everyone based on their specific hardware and software, but it does work for a large number of users. ==<br />
<br />
Many times a suggestion to solve this issue is to get a program like VAC (Virtual Audio Cable) that is designed specifically to do this. VAC and similar programs often work quite well, but they are not the only game in town. Many times you can achieve the same results using only the software provided under Windows, and using the "default record source" that has been a part of Windows for a long time. Default record source just tells Windows what input to look at as its primary recorded sound input, and this is the sound path that can be sent to almost any software in the PC, not just recording software.<br />
<br />
The following solutions are not going to work for everyone, but it does work on many PCs under XP, XP Pro, and Windows 7, depending on the specific hardware and device drivers involved. Some older sound cards do not support this operation, and some modern hardware does support the operation but the drivers are not configured for it, leaving the user potentially high and dry.<br />
<br />
This Wiki entry does not cover specific SDR software or recording / decoding software. Specifics of nomenclature vary across recording / decoding software, but they often use terms like "default recording source" or "primary capture device" to select the same source configured here.<br />
<br />
Each OS, service pack, and audio program, may look slightly different, but the general idea or meaning is often the same. Each OS will be addressed separately, starting with Windows XP and then Windows 7.<br />
<br />
It is strongly recommended that before you start these adjustments you create a System Restore Point that you can revert to.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows XP.'''<br />
<br />
Generally XP is very easy to set up for Wave Out or Stereo Mix (there are other possible similar names used with some sound card drivers, "Wave" seems to be the very common) as your default record source.<br />
<br />
On the Desktop locate the "Systray" in the lower right hand corner of the screen. Locate the Speaker icon in the Systray. The drivers for some sound cards change this and supply a different control panel, if that is the case you might have to modify what is described here a bit.<br />
IMAGE XP_01<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
After right clicking on the speaker icon pull up the menu and left click on "Open Volume Control".<br />
IMAGE XP_02<br />
<br />
<br />
The "Volume Control Panel" should now be open. Under "Options" menu pull down to "Properties" and left click that.<br />
IMAGE XP_03<br />
<br />
<br />
You will now want to make sure you are setting the right sound card input, if you have more than one sound card. You will also want to select the "Recording" option, this will bring up the possible record source devices. And then you will want to check mark any sources you might want to use for recording. In the case of what we are trying to do here it might be "Stereo Mix" or "Wave Out". In the case in the pictures "Wave" is the right answer. After you have made your selections hit "OK".<br />
IMAGE XP_04<br />
<br />
<br />
You are now in the "Recording Control Panel". Put a check mark in the "Select" box for the source you want the audio to come from, and adjust the Mixer sliders as needed to control the recorded audio levels. Close the window and you should be good to go, assuming your Decode / Record software is set to take the Windows Default Recording source.<br />
IMAGE XP_05<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows 7 Ultimate.'''<br />
<br />
Widows 7 is sometimes a bit more difficult to set up for the default record source. 7 has a tendency to hide features from the user, and this case is no exception. Specifically disabled or unused sources are sometimes not immediately seen in some control panels, and unless you know to go looking for them and turn them on you might not think their use is even an option.<br />
<br />
It the lower right corner of the Desktop locate the Systray (note that I have my desktop set up to look like XP). In Systray right click on the Speaker icon.<br />
IMAGE Win7_01<br />
<br />
<br />
Move the cursor up, hi-lite Record Devices, and left click on it.<br />
IMAGE Win7_02<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The Sound Control Panel should open, with the Record tab selected. This will show you all the record sources that you could select. Windows 7 often hides unused sources by default, so you may not see many sources there at all, or they may all show up, depending on your settings. The below image shows nothing but a Microphone selectable, and was the original configuration for my laptop audio.<br />
IMAGE Win7_03<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Obviously the Microphone as an audio source is great for things like Skype, but does not work too well if we are trying to get the audio from an SDR into recording or decoding software. Right click in the white area under the Microphone, were nothing else is seen. This should bring up a pop-up with two choices, "Show Disabled Devices" and "Show Disconnected Devices". Select both of these options.<br />
IMAGE Win7_04<br />
IMAGE Win7_05<br />
<br />
<br />
If at this point Stereo Mix ( or something similarly worded to that ) is not a selectable option then you may have a problem. In the case of my laptop it was not a selectable option until after I went in and edited the driver a bit, a process that is a bit lengthy and I will not cover here. You may, or may not, be able to do something similar, depending on your hardware and drivers.<br />
<br />
Select the "Stereo Mix" icon to hi-lite it and then press the "Set Default" button.<br />
IMAGE Win7_06<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
If you have been successful there should be a green bubble next to the Stereo Mix icon and there should be a check mark in the bubble. Hit the "OK" button and the control panel should close.<br />
IMAGE Win7_07<br />
<br />
<br />
If all has gone well the Stereo Mix should be your default record source, and if your record / decode software is configured to take its audio from the Windows Default Record source you should be good to go.</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Windows_Audio_RoutingWindows Audio Routing2015-07-04T20:43:41Z<p>Token: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''How to get the audio from an SDR to a piece of recording or decoding software on the same PC?'''<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
==The following technique does not work for everyone based on their specific hardware and software, but it does work for a large number of users.==<br />
<br />
Many times a suggestion to solve this issue is to get a program like VAC (Virtual Audio Cable) that is designed specifically to do this. VAC and similar programs often work quite well, but they are not the only game in town. Many times you can achieve the same results using only the software provided under Windows, and using the "default record source" that has been a part of Windows for a long time. Default record source just tells Windows what input to look at as its primary recorded sound input, and this is the sound path that can be sent to almost any software in the PC, not just recording software.<br />
<br />
The following solutions are not going to work for everyone, but it does work on many PCs under XP, XP Pro, and Windows 7, depending on the specific hardware and device drivers involved. Some older sound cards do not support this operation, and some modern hardware does support the operation but the drivers are not configured for it, leaving the user potentially high and dry.<br />
<br />
This Wiki entry does not cover specific SDR software or recording / decoding software. Specifics of nomenclature vary across recording / decoding software, but they often use terms like "default recording source" or "primary capture device" to select the same source configured here.<br />
<br />
Each OS, service pack, and audio program, may look slightly different, but the general idea or meaning is often the same. Each OS will be addressed separately, starting with Windows XP and then Windows 7.<br />
<br />
It is strongly recommended that before you start these adjustments you create a System Restore Point that you can revert to.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows XP.'''<br />
<br />
Generally XP is very easy to set up for Wave Out or Stereo Mix (there are other possible similar names used with some sound card drivers, "Wave" seems to be the very common) as your default record source.<br />
<br />
On the Desktop locate the "Systray" in the lower right hand corner of the screen. Locate the Speaker icon in the Systray. The drivers for some sound cards change this and supply a different control panel, if that is the case you might have to modify what is described here a bit.<br />
IMAGE XP_01<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
After right clicking on the speaker icon pull up the menu and left click on "Open Volume Control".<br />
IMAGE XP_02<br />
<br />
<br />
The "Volume Control Panel" should now be open. Under "Options" menu pull down to "Properties" and left click that.<br />
IMAGE XP_03<br />
<br />
<br />
You will now want to make sure you are setting the right sound card input, if you have more than one sound card. You will also want to select the "Recording" option, this will bring up the possible record source devices. And then you will want to check mark any sources you might want to use for recording. In the case of what we are trying to do here it might be "Stereo Mix" or "Wave Out". In the case in the pictures "Wave" is the right answer. After you have made your selections hit "OK".<br />
IMAGE XP_04<br />
<br />
<br />
You are now in the "Recording Control Panel". Put a check mark in the "Select" box for the source you want the audio to come from, and adjust the Mixer sliders as needed to control the recorded audio levels. Close the window and you should be good to go, assuming your Decode / Record software is set to take the Windows Default Recording source.<br />
IMAGE XP_05<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows 7 Ultimate.'''<br />
<br />
Widows 7 is sometimes a bit more difficult to set up for the default record source. 7 has a tendency to hide features from the user, and this case is no exception. Specifically disabled or unused sources are sometimes not immediately seen in some control panels, and unless you know to go looking for them and turn them on you might not think their use is even an option.<br />
<br />
It the lower right corner of the Desktop locate the Systray (note that I have my desktop set up to look like XP). In Systray right click on the Speaker icon.<br />
IMAGE Win7_01<br />
<br />
<br />
Move the cursor up, hi-lite Record Devices, and left click on it.<br />
IMAGE Win7_02<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The Sound Control Panel should open, with the Record tab selected. This will show you all the record sources that you could select. Windows 7 often hides unused sources by default, so you may not see many sources there at all, or they may all show up, depending on your settings. The below image shows nothing but a Microphone selectable, and was the original configuration for my laptop audio.<br />
IMAGE Win7_03<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Obviously the Microphone as an audio source is great for things like Skype, but does not work too well if we are trying to get the audio from an SDR into recording or decoding software. Right click in the white area under the Microphone, were nothing else is seen. This should bring up a pop-up with two choices, "Show Disabled Devices" and "Show Disconnected Devices". Select both of these options.<br />
IMAGE Win7_04<br />
IMAGE Win7_05<br />
<br />
<br />
If at this point Stereo Mix ( or something similarly worded to that ) is not a selectable option then you may have a problem. In the case of my laptop it was not a selectable option until after I went in and edited the driver a bit, a process that is a bit lengthy and I will not cover here. You may, or may not, be able to do something similar, depending on your hardware and drivers.<br />
<br />
Select the "Stereo Mix" icon to hi-lite it and then press the "Set Default" button.<br />
IMAGE Win7_06<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
If you have been successful there should be a green bubble next to the Stereo Mix icon and there should be a check mark in the bubble. Hit the "OK" button and the control panel should close.<br />
IMAGE Win7_07<br />
<br />
<br />
If all has gone well the Stereo Mix should be your default record source, and if your record / decode software is configured to take its audio from the Windows Default Record source you should be good to go.</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Windows_Audio_RoutingWindows Audio Routing2015-07-04T20:42:55Z<p>Token: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''How to get the audio from an SDR to a piece of recording or decoding software on the same PC?'''<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
The following technique does not work for everyone based on their specific hardware and software, but it does work for a large number of users.<br />
<br />
Many times a suggestion to solve this issue is to get a program like VAC (Virtual Audio Cable) that is designed specifically to do this. VAC and similar programs often work quite well, but they are not the only game in town. Many times you can achieve the same results using only the software provided under Windows, and using the "default record source" that has been a part of Windows for a long time. Default record source just tells Windows what input to look at as its primary recorded sound input, and this is the sound path that can be sent to almost any software in the PC, not just recording software.<br />
<br />
The following solutions are not going to work for everyone, but it does work on many PCs under XP, XP Pro, and Windows 7, depending on the specific hardware and device drivers involved. Some older sound cards do not support this operation, and some modern hardware does support the operation but the drivers are not configured for it, leaving the user potentially high and dry.<br />
<br />
This Wiki entry does not cover specific SDR software or recording / decoding software. Specifics of nomenclature vary across recording / decoding software, but they often use terms like "default recording source" or "primary capture device" to select the same source configured here.<br />
<br />
Each OS, service pack, and audio program, may look slightly different, but the general idea or meaning is often the same. Each OS will be addressed separately, starting with Windows XP and then Windows 7.<br />
<br />
It is strongly recommended that before you start these adjustments you create a System Restore Point that you can revert to.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows XP.'''<br />
<br />
Generally XP is very easy to set up for Wave Out or Stereo Mix (there are other possible similar names used with some sound card drivers, "Wave" seems to be the very common) as your default record source.<br />
<br />
On the Desktop locate the "Systray" in the lower right hand corner of the screen. Locate the Speaker icon in the Systray. The drivers for some sound cards change this and supply a different control panel, if that is the case you might have to modify what is described here a bit.<br />
IMAGE XP_01<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
After right clicking on the speaker icon pull up the menu and left click on "Open Volume Control".<br />
IMAGE XP_02<br />
<br />
<br />
The "Volume Control Panel" should now be open. Under "Options" menu pull down to "Properties" and left click that.<br />
IMAGE XP_03<br />
<br />
<br />
You will now want to make sure you are setting the right sound card input, if you have more than one sound card. You will also want to select the "Recording" option, this will bring up the possible record source devices. And then you will want to check mark any sources you might want to use for recording. In the case of what we are trying to do here it might be "Stereo Mix" or "Wave Out". In the case in the pictures "Wave" is the right answer. After you have made your selections hit "OK".<br />
IMAGE XP_04<br />
<br />
<br />
You are now in the "Recording Control Panel". Put a check mark in the "Select" box for the source you want the audio to come from, and adjust the Mixer sliders as needed to control the recorded audio levels. Close the window and you should be good to go, assuming your Decode / Record software is set to take the Windows Default Recording source.<br />
IMAGE XP_05<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows 7 Ultimate.==<br />
<br />
Widows 7 is sometimes a bit more difficult to set up for the default record source. 7 has a tendency to hide features from the user, and this case is no exception. Specifically disabled or unused sources are sometimes not immediately seen in some control panels, and unless you know to go looking for them and turn them on you might not think their use is even an option.<br />
<br />
It the lower right corner of the Desktop locate the Systray (note that I have my desktop set up to look like XP). In Systray right click on the Speaker icon.<br />
IMAGE Win7_01<br />
<br />
<br />
Move the cursor up, hi-lite Record Devices, and left click on it.<br />
IMAGE Win7_02<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The Sound Control Panel should open, with the Record tab selected. This will show you all the record sources that you could select. Windows 7 often hides unused sources by default, so you may not see many sources there at all, or they may all show up, depending on your settings. The below image shows nothing but a Microphone selectable, and was the original configuration for my laptop audio.<br />
IMAGE Win7_03<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Obviously the Microphone as an audio source is great for things like Skype, but does not work too well if we are trying to get the audio from an SDR into recording or decoding software. Right click in the white area under the Microphone, were nothing else is seen. This should bring up a pop-up with two choices, "Show Disabled Devices" and "Show Disconnected Devices". Select both of these options.<br />
IMAGE Win7_04<br />
IMAGE Win7_05<br />
<br />
<br />
If at this point Stereo Mix ( or something similarly worded to that ) is not a selectable option then you may have a problem. In the case of my laptop it was not a selectable option until after I went in and edited the driver a bit, a process that is a bit lengthy and I will not cover here. You may, or may not, be able to do something similar, depending on your hardware and drivers.<br />
<br />
Select the "Stereo Mix" icon to hi-lite it and then press the "Set Default" button.<br />
IMAGE Win7_06<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
If you have been successful there should be a green bubble next to the Stereo Mix icon and there should be a check mark in the bubble. Hit the "OK" button and the control panel should close.<br />
IMAGE Win7_07<br />
<br />
<br />
If all has gone well the Stereo Mix should be your default record source, and if your record / decode software is configured to take its audio from the Windows Default Record source you should be good to go.</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Windows_Audio_RoutingWindows Audio Routing2015-07-04T20:40:43Z<p>Token: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''How to get the audio from an SDR to a piece of recording or decoding software on the same PC?'''<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
The following technique does not work for everyone based on their specific hardware and software, but it does work for a large number of users.<br />
<br />
Many times a suggestion to solve this issue is to get a program like VAC (Virtual Audio Cable) that is designed specifically to do this. VAC and similar programs often work quite well, but they are not the only game in town. Many times you can achieve the same results using only the software provided under Windows, and using the "default record source" that has been a part of Windows for a long time. Default record source just tells Windows what input to look at as its primary recorded sound input, and this is the sound path that can be sent to almost any software in the PC, not just recording software.<br />
<br />
The following solutions are not going to work for everyone, but it does work on many PCs under XP, XP Pro, and Windows 7, depending on the specific hardware and device drivers involved. Some older sound cards do not support this operation, and some modern hardware does support the operation but the drivers are not configured for it, leaving the user potentially high and dry.<br />
<br />
This Wiki entry does not cover specific SDR software or recording / decoding software. Specifics of nomenclature vary across recording / decoding software, but they often use terms like "default recording source" or "primary capture device" to select the same source configured here.<br />
<br />
Each OS, service pack, and audio program, may look slightly different, but the general idea or meaning is often the same. Each OS will be addressed separately, starting with Windows XP and then Windows 7.<br />
<br />
It is strongly recommended that before you start these adjustments you create a System Restore Point that you can revert to.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows XP.==<br />
<br />
Generally XP is very easy to set up for Wave Out or Stereo Mix (there are other possible similar names used with some sound card drivers, "Wave" seems to be the very common) as your default record source.<br />
<br />
On the Desktop locate the "Systray" in the lower right hand corner of the screen. Locate the Speaker icon in the Systray. The drivers for some sound cards change this and supply a different control panel, if that is the case you might have to modify what is described here a bit.<br />
IMAGE XP_01<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
After right clicking on the speaker icon pull up the menu and left click on "Open Volume Control".<br />
IMAGE XP_02<br />
<br />
<br />
The "Volume Control Panel" should now be open. Under "Options" menu pull down to "Properties" and left click that.<br />
IMAGE XP_03<br />
<br />
<br />
You will now want to make sure you are setting the right sound card input, if you have more than one sound card. You will also want to select the "Recording" option, this will bring up the possible record source devices. And then you will want to check mark any sources you might want to use for recording. In the case of what we are trying to do here it might be "Stereo Mix" or "Wave Out". In the case in the pictures "Wave" is the right answer. After you have made your selections hit "OK".<br />
IMAGE XP_04<br />
<br />
<br />
You are now in the "Recording Control Panel". Put a check mark in the "Select" box for the source you want the audio to come from, and adjust the Mixer sliders as needed to control the recorded audio levels. Close the window and you should be good to go, assuming your Decode / Record software is set to take the Windows Default Recording source.<br />
IMAGE XP_05<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows 7 Ultimate.==<br />
<br />
Widows 7 is sometimes a bit more difficult to set up for the default record source. 7 has a tendency to hide features from the user, and this case is no exception. Specifically disabled or unused sources are sometimes not immediately seen in some control panels, and unless you know to go looking for them and turn them on you might not think their use is even an option.<br />
<br />
It the lower right corner of the Desktop locate the Systray (note that I have my desktop set up to look like XP). In Systray right click on the Speaker icon.<br />
IMAGE Win7_01<br />
<br />
<br />
Move the cursor up, hi-lite Record Devices, and left click on it.<br />
IMAGE Win7_02<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The Sound Control Panel should open, with the Record tab selected. This will show you all the record sources that you could select. Windows 7 often hides unused sources by default, so you may not see many sources there at all, or they may all show up, depending on your settings. The below image shows nothing but a Microphone selectable, and was the original configuration for my laptop audio.<br />
IMAGE Win7_03<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Obviously the Microphone as an audio source is great for things like Skype, but does not work too well if we are trying to get the audio from an SDR into recording or decoding software. Right click in the white area under the Microphone, were nothing else is seen. This should bring up a pop-up with two choices, "Show Disabled Devices" and "Show Disconnected Devices". Select both of these options.<br />
IMAGE Win7_04<br />
IMAGE Win7_05<br />
<br />
<br />
If at this point Stereo Mix ( or something similarly worded to that ) is not a selectable option then you may have a problem. In the case of my laptop it was not a selectable option until after I went in and edited the driver a bit, a process that is a bit lengthy and I will not cover here. You may, or may not, be able to do something similar, depending on your hardware and drivers.<br />
<br />
Select the "Stereo Mix" icon to hi-lite it and then press the "Set Default" button.<br />
IMAGE Win7_06<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
If you have been successful there should be a green bubble next to the Stereo Mix icon and there should be a check mark in the bubble. Hit the "OK" button and the control panel should close.<br />
IMAGE Win7_07<br />
<br />
<br />
If all has gone well the Stereo Mix should be your default record source, and if your record / decode software is configured to take its audio from the Windows Default Record source you should be good to go.</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Windows_Audio_RoutingWindows Audio Routing2015-07-04T20:40:17Z<p>Token: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''How to get the audio from an SDR to a piece of recording or decoding software on the same PC?'''<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
The following technique does not work for everyone based on their specific hardware and software, but it does work for a large number of users.<br />
<br />
Many times a suggestion to solve this issue is to get a program like VAC (Virtual Audio Cable) that is designed specifically to do this. VAC and similar programs often work quite well, but they are not the only game in town. Many times you can achieve the same results using only the software provided under Windows, and using the "default record source" that has been a part of Windows for a long time. Default record source just tells Windows what input to look at as its primary recorded sound input, and this is the sound path that can be sent to almost any software in the PC, not just recording software.<br />
<br />
The following solutions are not going to work for everyone, but it does work on many PCs under XP, XP Pro, and Windows 7, depending on the specific hardware and device drivers involved. Some older sound cards do not support this operation, and some modern hardware does support the operation but the drivers are not configured for it, leaving the user potentially high and dry.<br />
<br />
This Wiki entry does not cover specific SDR software or recording / decoding software. Specifics of nomenclature vary across recording / decoding software, but they often use terms like "default recording source" or "primary capture device" to select the same source configured here.<br />
<br />
Each OS, service pack, and audio program, may look slightly different, but the general idea or meaning is often the same. Each OS will be addressed separately, starting with Windows XP and then Windows 7.<br />
<br />
It is strongly recommended that before you start these adjustments you create a System Restore Point that you can revert to.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows XP.==<br />
<br />
Generally XP is very easy to set up for Wave Out or Stereo Mix (there are other possible similar names used with some sound card drivers, "Wave" seems to be the very common) as your default record source.<br />
<br />
On the Desktop locate the "Systray" in the lower right hand corner of the screen. Locate the Speaker icon in the Systray. The drivers for some sound cards change this and supply a different control panel, if that is the case you might have to modify what is described here a bit.<br />
IMAGE XP_01<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
After right clicking on the speaker icon pull up the menu and left click on "Open Volume Control".<br />
IMAGE XP_02<br />
<br />
<br />
The "Volume Control Panel" should now be open. Under "Options" menu pull down to "Properties" and left click that.<br />
IMAGE XP_03<br />
<br />
<br />
You will now want to make sure you are setting the right sound card input, if you have more than one sound card. You will also want to select the "Recording" option, this will bring up the possible record source devices. And then you will want to check mark any sources you might want to use for recording. In the case of what we are trying to do here it might be "Stereo Mix" or "Wave Out". In the case in the pictures "Wave" is the right answer. After you have made your selections hit "OK".<br />
IMAGE XP_04<br />
<br />
<br />
You are now in the "Recording Control Panel". Put a check mark in the "Select" box for the source you want the audio to come from, and adjust the Mixer sliders as needed to control the recorded audio levels. Close the window and you should be good to go, assuming your Decode / Record software is set to take the Windows Default Recording source.<br />
IMAGE XP_05<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows 7 Ultimate.<br />
<br />
Widows 7 is sometimes a bit more difficult to set up for the default record source. 7 has a tendency to hide features from the user, and this case is no exception. Specifically disabled or unused sources are sometimes not immediately seen in some control panels, and unless you know to go looking for them and turn them on you might not think their use is even an option.<br />
<br />
It the lower right corner of the Desktop locate the Systray (note that I have my desktop set up to look like XP). In Systray right click on the Speaker icon.<br />
IMAGE Win7_01<br />
<br />
<br />
Move the cursor up, hi-lite Record Devices, and left click on it.<br />
IMAGE Win7_02<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The Sound Control Panel should open, with the Record tab selected. This will show you all the record sources that you could select. Windows 7 often hides unused sources by default, so you may not see many sources there at all, or they may all show up, depending on your settings. The below image shows nothing but a Microphone selectable, and was the original configuration for my laptop audio.<br />
IMAGE Win7_03<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Obviously the Microphone as an audio source is great for things like Skype, but does not work too well if we are trying to get the audio from an SDR into recording or decoding software. Right click in the white area under the Microphone, were nothing else is seen. This should bring up a pop-up with two choices, "Show Disabled Devices" and "Show Disconnected Devices". Select both of these options.<br />
IMAGE Win7_04<br />
IMAGE Win7_05<br />
<br />
<br />
If at this point Stereo Mix ( or something similarly worded to that ) is not a selectable option then you may have a problem. In the case of my laptop it was not a selectable option until after I went in and edited the driver a bit, a process that is a bit lengthy and I will not cover here. You may, or may not, be able to do something similar, depending on your hardware and drivers.<br />
<br />
Select the "Stereo Mix" icon to hi-lite it and then press the "Set Default" button.<br />
IMAGE Win7_06<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
If you have been successful there should be a green bubble next to the Stereo Mix icon and there should be a check mark in the bubble. Hit the "OK" button and the control panel should close.<br />
IMAGE Win7_07<br />
<br />
<br />
If all has gone well the Stereo Mix should be your default record source, and if your record / decode software is configured to take its audio from the Windows Default Record source you should be good to go.</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Windows_Audio_RoutingWindows Audio Routing2015-07-04T20:39:14Z<p>Token: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''How to get the audio from an SDR to a piece of recording or decoding software on the same PC?'''<br />
<br />
The following technique does not work for everyone based on their specific hardware and software, but it does work for a large number of users.<br />
<br />
Many times a suggestion to solve this issue is to get a program like VAC (Virtual Audio Cable) that is designed specifically to do this. VAC and similar programs often work quite well, but they are not the only game in town. Many times you can achieve the same results using only the software provided under Windows, and using the "default record source" that has been a part of Windows for a long time. Default record source just tells Windows what input to look at as its primary recorded sound input, and this is the sound path that can be sent to almost any software in the PC, not just recording software.<br />
<br />
The following solutions are not going to work for everyone, but it does work on many PCs under XP, XP Pro, and Windows 7, depending on the specific hardware and device drivers involved. Some older sound cards do not support this operation, and some modern hardware does support the operation but the drivers are not configured for it, leaving the user potentially high and dry.<br />
<br />
This Wiki entry does not cover specific SDR software or recording / decoding software. Specifics of nomenclature vary across recording / decoding software, but they often use terms like "default recording source" or "primary capture device" to select the same source configured here.<br />
<br />
Each OS, service pack, and audio program, may look slightly different, but the general idea or meaning is often the same. Each OS will be addressed separately, starting with Windows XP and then Windows 7.<br />
<br />
It is strongly recommended that before you start these adjustments you create a System Restore Point that you can revert to.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows XP.<br />
<br />
Generally XP is very easy to set up for Wave Out or Stereo Mix (there are other possible similar names used with some sound card drivers, "Wave" seems to be the very common) as your default record source.<br />
<br />
On the Desktop locate the "Systray" in the lower right hand corner of the screen. Locate the Speaker icon in the Systray. The drivers for some sound cards change this and supply a different control panel, if that is the case you might have to modify what is described here a bit.<br />
IMAGE XP_01<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
After right clicking on the speaker icon pull up the menu and left click on "Open Volume Control".<br />
IMAGE XP_02<br />
<br />
<br />
The "Volume Control Panel" should now be open. Under "Options" menu pull down to "Properties" and left click that.<br />
IMAGE XP_03<br />
<br />
<br />
You will now want to make sure you are setting the right sound card input, if you have more than one sound card. You will also want to select the "Recording" option, this will bring up the possible record source devices. And then you will want to check mark any sources you might want to use for recording. In the case of what we are trying to do here it might be "Stereo Mix" or "Wave Out". In the case in the pictures "Wave" is the right answer. After you have made your selections hit "OK".<br />
IMAGE XP_04<br />
<br />
<br />
You are now in the "Recording Control Panel". Put a check mark in the "Select" box for the source you want the audio to come from, and adjust the Mixer sliders as needed to control the recorded audio levels. Close the window and you should be good to go, assuming your Decode / Record software is set to take the Windows Default Recording source.<br />
IMAGE XP_05<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows 7 Ultimate.<br />
<br />
Widows 7 is sometimes a bit more difficult to set up for the default record source. 7 has a tendency to hide features from the user, and this case is no exception. Specifically disabled or unused sources are sometimes not immediately seen in some control panels, and unless you know to go looking for them and turn them on you might not think their use is even an option.<br />
<br />
It the lower right corner of the Desktop locate the Systray (note that I have my desktop set up to look like XP). In Systray right click on the Speaker icon.<br />
IMAGE Win7_01<br />
<br />
<br />
Move the cursor up, hi-lite Record Devices, and left click on it.<br />
IMAGE Win7_02<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The Sound Control Panel should open, with the Record tab selected. This will show you all the record sources that you could select. Windows 7 often hides unused sources by default, so you may not see many sources there at all, or they may all show up, depending on your settings. The below image shows nothing but a Microphone selectable, and was the original configuration for my laptop audio.<br />
IMAGE Win7_03<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Obviously the Microphone as an audio source is great for things like Skype, but does not work too well if we are trying to get the audio from an SDR into recording or decoding software. Right click in the white area under the Microphone, were nothing else is seen. This should bring up a pop-up with two choices, "Show Disabled Devices" and "Show Disconnected Devices". Select both of these options.<br />
IMAGE Win7_04<br />
IMAGE Win7_05<br />
<br />
<br />
If at this point Stereo Mix ( or something similarly worded to that ) is not a selectable option then you may have a problem. In the case of my laptop it was not a selectable option until after I went in and edited the driver a bit, a process that is a bit lengthy and I will not cover here. You may, or may not, be able to do something similar, depending on your hardware and drivers.<br />
<br />
Select the "Stereo Mix" icon to hi-lite it and then press the "Set Default" button.<br />
IMAGE Win7_06<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
If you have been successful there should be a green bubble next to the Stereo Mix icon and there should be a check mark in the bubble. Hit the "OK" button and the control panel should close.<br />
IMAGE Win7_07<br />
<br />
<br />
If all has gone well the Stereo Mix should be your default record source, and if your record / decode software is configured to take its audio from the Windows Default Record source you should be good to go.</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Windows_Audio_RoutingWindows Audio Routing2015-07-04T20:38:03Z<p>Token: Initial entry, no formatting yet</p>
<hr />
<div>How to get the audio from an SDR to a piece of recording or decoding software on the same PC?<br />
<br />
The following technique does not work for everyone based on their specific hardware and software, but it does work for a large number of users.<br />
<br />
Many times a suggestion to solve this issue is to get a program like VAC (Virtual Audio Cable) that is designed specifically to do this. VAC and similar programs often work quite well, but they are not the only game in town. Many times you can achieve the same results using only the software provided under Windows, and using the "default record source" that has been a part of Windows for a long time. Default record source just tells Windows what input to look at as its primary recorded sound input, and this is the sound path that can be sent to almost any software in the PC, not just recording software.<br />
<br />
The following solutions are not going to work for everyone, but it does work on many PCs under XP, XP Pro, and Windows 7, depending on the specific hardware and device drivers involved. Some older sound cards do not support this operation, and some modern hardware does support the operation but the drivers are not configured for it, leaving the user potentially high and dry.<br />
<br />
This Wiki entry does not cover specific SDR software or recording / decoding software. Specifics of nomenclature vary across recording / decoding software, but they often use terms like "default recording source" or "primary capture device" to select the same source configured here.<br />
<br />
Each OS, service pack, and audio program, may look slightly different, but the general idea or meaning is often the same. Each OS will be addressed separately, starting with Windows XP and then Windows 7.<br />
<br />
It is strongly recommended that before you start these adjustments you create a System Restore Point that you can revert to.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows XP.<br />
<br />
Generally XP is very easy to set up for Wave Out or Stereo Mix (there are other possible similar names used with some sound card drivers, "Wave" seems to be the very common) as your default record source.<br />
<br />
On the Desktop locate the "Systray" in the lower right hand corner of the screen. Locate the Speaker icon in the Systray. The drivers for some sound cards change this and supply a different control panel, if that is the case you might have to modify what is described here a bit.<br />
IMAGE XP_01<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
After right clicking on the speaker icon pull up the menu and left click on "Open Volume Control".<br />
IMAGE XP_02<br />
<br />
<br />
The "Volume Control Panel" should now be open. Under "Options" menu pull down to "Properties" and left click that.<br />
IMAGE XP_03<br />
<br />
<br />
You will now want to make sure you are setting the right sound card input, if you have more than one sound card. You will also want to select the "Recording" option, this will bring up the possible record source devices. And then you will want to check mark any sources you might want to use for recording. In the case of what we are trying to do here it might be "Stereo Mix" or "Wave Out". In the case in the pictures "Wave" is the right answer. After you have made your selections hit "OK".<br />
IMAGE XP_04<br />
<br />
<br />
You are now in the "Recording Control Panel". Put a check mark in the "Select" box for the source you want the audio to come from, and adjust the Mixer sliders as needed to control the recorded audio levels. Close the window and you should be good to go, assuming your Decode / Record software is set to take the Windows Default Recording source.<br />
IMAGE XP_05<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Setting up for "Wave Out" or "Stereo Mix" as your default record source under Windows 7 Ultimate.<br />
<br />
Widows 7 is sometimes a bit more difficult to set up for the default record source. 7 has a tendency to hide features from the user, and this case is no exception. Specifically disabled or unused sources are sometimes not immediately seen in some control panels, and unless you know to go looking for them and turn them on you might not think their use is even an option.<br />
<br />
It the lower right corner of the Desktop locate the Systray (note that I have my desktop set up to look like XP). In Systray right click on the Speaker icon.<br />
IMAGE Win7_01<br />
<br />
<br />
Move the cursor up, hi-lite Record Devices, and left click on it.<br />
IMAGE Win7_02<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The Sound Control Panel should open, with the Record tab selected. This will show you all the record sources that you could select. Windows 7 often hides unused sources by default, so you may not see many sources there at all, or they may all show up, depending on your settings. The below image shows nothing but a Microphone selectable, and was the original configuration for my laptop audio.<br />
IMAGE Win7_03<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Obviously the Microphone as an audio source is great for things like Skype, but does not work too well if we are trying to get the audio from an SDR into recording or decoding software. Right click in the white area under the Microphone, were nothing else is seen. This should bring up a pop-up with two choices, "Show Disabled Devices" and "Show Disconnected Devices". Select both of these options.<br />
IMAGE Win7_04<br />
IMAGE Win7_05<br />
<br />
<br />
If at this point Stereo Mix ( or something similarly worded to that ) is not a selectable option then you may have a problem. In the case of my laptop it was not a selectable option until after I went in and edited the driver a bit, a process that is a bit lengthy and I will not cover here. You may, or may not, be able to do something similar, depending on your hardware and drivers.<br />
<br />
Select the "Stereo Mix" icon to hi-lite it and then press the "Set Default" button.<br />
IMAGE Win7_06<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
If you have been successful there should be a green bubble next to the Stereo Mix icon and there should be a check mark in the bubble. Hit the "OK" button and the control panel should close.<br />
IMAGE Win7_07<br />
<br />
<br />
If all has gone well the Stereo Mix should be your default record source, and if your record / decode software is configured to take its audio from the Windows Default Record source you should be good to go.</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/File:CHN4_4.jpgFile:CHN4 4.jpg2015-06-07T05:18:37Z<p>Token: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/File:CHN4_4.mp3File:CHN4 4.mp32015-06-07T05:18:13Z<p>Token: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Signal_IdentificationSignal Identification2015-06-07T05:17:57Z<p>Token: /* PSK Modes */ added CHN 4+4 PSK mode</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Still under construction, call this a late Beta version, almost ready for prime time'''<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
== Why is this Guide here? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
The goal of this Wiki is to help people ID sounds and signals they might come across on the radio, primarily in the HF (3000 to 30000 kHz) and MW (300 to 3000 kHz) bands. Of course not all possible signals can be identified, and certainly they cannot all be presented here. So the IDs will start with the most common modes and move forward from those. As signals to be IDed are presented and hopefully identified on the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,27.0.html HFUnderground HF Mystery Signals] board they will be added to these lists, assuming they were not already here.<br />
<br />
<br />
With the advent and proliferation of SDRs to the hobby of shortwave listening, and the often associated wideband waterfall / spectrum displays, hobbyist are now more likely to notice short duration, transient, signals. Signals are now visually presented that in the past would not have been noticed at all unless the listener just happened to be tuned to the right random frequency when the short duration signal occurred. This has had the affect of raising the probability of reception of any given signal type, regardless of duration. Further, these waterfalls and spectrum images can be used to help ID specific modes of operation, as different techniques often have very different visual signatures.<br />
<br />
<br />
Today's online receiver nodes (from services like [http://www.globaltuners.com/ Globaltuners], [http://sdrspace.com/ SDR-Radio.com], and [http://websdr.org/ WebSDR.org]) mean that more people than ever potentially have access to monitor the HF spectrum. Often people with no prior exposure to HF radio or shortwave listening first gravitate to these kinds of services, as they take no investment in equipment to start using. They then face a sometimes steep learning curve of "what am I hearing, and what are these things on the radio".<br />
<br />
<br />
In general the use of analogue voice and manual communications modes on the HF and MW bands is on the decline, replaced with digital and data modes. The use of other than communications modes, such as ionospheric sounders and HF radars, seems to be at an all-time high. For the new listener, or for more experienced listeners without the proper tools, identifying some of these modes and signals can be a challenge.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== How to submit a signal for ID? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
Go to the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,27.0.html HFUnderground HF Mystery Signals] board and follow the guidelines presented there for posting. Assuming the signal is IDed there, and it is not already on the list here, it will likely be added to this list.<br />
<br />
<br />
== How to use this Identification Guide? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
If you look at the tables of the guide you will see it is divided into three types of signals, "Non DATA Signals", "DATA Signals", and "Unidentified Signals". Each section can be further broken down into sub categories.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Non DATA Signals:'''<br />
<br />
Non DATA Signals are modes that do not carry what is traditionally thought of as digital data. This will be analogue voice modes, traditional Morse Code transmissions, and signals along those basic lines. Radars and Ionosondes have also been included in this segment, as they are not typically DATA transmissions.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''DATA Signals:'''<br />
<br />
DATA Signals are pretty much everything else. If it goes through a modem or is computer generated before being transmitted to the open air it will probably be included in the DATA Signals section. This includes digital voice modes, including many encrypted modes. The DATA Signals section is loosely broken down into the type of modulation used for the data, FSK, MFSK, PSK, etc.<br />
<br />
<br />
Various image modes, such as HFFAX, SSTV, etc, are included in the DATA Signals, even when they are not digital in nature. Despite many of these types having analogue backgrounds most are generated by computer today.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Unidentified Signals:'''<br />
<br />
Unidentified Signals are signals that have not yet been identified. As they are reported or added they will be assigned an "HFU UNID" sequential 3 digit number. This number means nothing, and is just a way to track information and discussions about that signal on the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,27.0.html HFUnderground HF Mystery Signals] board.<br />
<br />
<br />
These UNID signals may appear in more than one segment of the guide, they will be in the Unidentified Signals segment, but may also be shown under their modulation types. For example, an Unknown signal that is obviously an FSK signal may be in both the Unidentified Signals area, and the FSK area, but in both cases they will carry the same UNID number.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Basic information shown for all Entries==<br />
<br />
=== Mode ===<br />
"Mode" is simply a generally accepted name of the technique. This may not be the only designator used for that specific technique. For example, traditional "AM" can also be described as "Double sideband with full carrier", and "A3E". In such a case these other designations may be included on the Mode Specific page. If a Mode Specific page exist for a mode you can access it by clicking on the name in the Mode column. The Mode Specific page will generally contain more detailed information than can be included in this initial chart.<br />
<br />
=== Frequency Range (kHz) ===<br />
"Frequency Range (kHz)" is the range of frequencies where one might find this specific mode in use. For many modes this can be a very wide range, but other modes might be very limited in range. Remember this guide is MW and HF specific and may not consider usage in other frequency ranges.<br />
<br />
=== Bandwidth (kHz) ===<br />
"Bandwidth (kHz)" is the normally occupied bandwidth of the signal, as might be seen on a waterfall or spectrum display. Unless you include the power point for the measurement (3 dB, 6 dB, 10 dB, 20 dB, etc) this is an approximate value only. Because of this very strong signals can appear wider than very weak signals, even if both signals are actually using the same bandwidth. The goal here is to provide something that might help identification, not to define a technical specification for the mode. <br />
<br />
=== Shift (kHz) ===<br />
"Shift (kHz)" is something that only applies to certain types of DATA or digital transmissions. It will be used to define the spacing for visually definable tones or data channels in a transmission.<br />
<br />
=== Number of Tones ===<br />
"Number of Tones" is applicable to certain types of DATA or digital transmissions. It will be used to indicate the number of visually definable tones or data channels in a transmission. <br />
<br />
=== Key Features ===<br />
"Key Features" will be selected features that can help identify the signal, or at least narrow down the candidate pool. Ideally it will be one or two visually distinctive features that can be seen on a waterfall or spectrum display, but these might also be auditory features.<br />
<br />
=== Sources ===<br />
"Sources" are the most likely source for this transmission mode, if known.<br />
<br />
=== Recording ===<br />
"Recording" will link to an audio recording of the mode. Further recordings, both audio and video, may be present on the Mode Specific page.<br />
<br />
=== Spectrum Image ===<br />
"Spectrum Image" is a 200 pixel wide expandable thumbnail image of the signal, often either the spectrum or a waterfall / histogram of some kind. Typically the full size version of this images is at least 640 x 480.<br />
<br />
=The Signals=<br />
<br />
<br />
==Non DATA Signals==<br />
<br />
===Communications Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| [[AM]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically 2.6 to 10.0 kHz, can be wider or narrower<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Carrier present in center of signal, audio typically mirrored left and right of the carrier<br />
| World wide<br />
| AM recording link here<br />
| [[File:AM_SWBC_7520.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[CW]]<br />
(Morse Code)<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Very narrow, potentially less than 50 Hz<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Line or broken line on the waterfall, no sidebands, may show wider "key clicks" at the start and stop of each dot and dash<br />
| World wide<br />
| CW recording link here<br />
| [[File:CW_ham_7030.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[LSB]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically 2.4 to 3.0 kHz, can be wider or narrower<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| No carrier present in Spectrum, audio typically bunched to towards the right (low audio frequency)<br />
| World wide<br />
| LSB recording link here<br />
| [[File:LSB_ham_7155.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[USB]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically 2.4 to 3.0 kHz, can be wider or narrower<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| No carrier present in Spectrum, audio typically bunched to towards the left (low audio frequency)<br />
| World wide<br />
| USB recording link here<br />
| [[File:USB_ham_14185.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
===Non Communications Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| 16 x 64 Sounder (nickname, official name or designation not known)<br />
| Below 4000 to above 30000 observed<br />
| 2.5 kHz<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMCW transmission, changes sweep rates in 16 steps, resulting in 16 different sounds per transmission, a pilot tone may precede each rate change but is not always present<br />
| Unknown<br />
| [[Media:16x64_sounder.mp3]]<br />
16 x 64 sounder recording<br />
| [[File:16x64_sounder.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| 29B6 radar "Kontainer"<br />
| 6000 to at least 32000<br />
| 4 to 28 kHz observed, unknown limits, width depending on specific operating conditions<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMOP transmission, presenting a wide signal equal to the swept (chirped) width, sweep rate creates a pulsed sound affect, easily confused with British PLUTO radar<br />
| Kovylkino, Mordovia, Russia<br />
| [[Media:29B6.mp3]]<br />
29B6 recording, first portion wide audio, second narrow, as would be heard on many receivers<br />
| [[File:29B6.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| CODAR (Coastal Ocean Dynamics Applications Radar), a specialized radar used to study ocena currents and waves<br />
| 4000 to 27000<br />
| 16 to 240 kHz, depending on band, higher frequencies mean wider swept widths<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMOP or FMICW transmission, presenting a wide signal equal to the swept (chirped) width, sweep rate can create "swooshing" sounds on radio, pulsed transmission can give the sound a rough quality<br />
| World wide, hundreds of locations around the World<br />
| [[Media:CODAR.mp3]]<br />
CODAR recording, first 40 seconds in USB, next 40 in AM, last 40 in LSB<br />
| [[File:CODAR_sweeps.jpg|200px]]<br />
[[File:CODAR_pulses.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| PLUTO radar (possible offical name, PLUTO II, suggested by online documents)<br />
| 8000 to 38000<br />
| 3 to 40 kHz, depending on specific operating conditions<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMCW transmission, presenting a wide signal equal to the swept (chirped) width, sweep rate creates a pulsed sound affect, easily confused with Russian 29B6 radar<br />
| British Sovereing base of Akrotiri, Island of Cyprus<br />
| [[Media:PLUTO_50Hz.mp3]]<br />
[[Media:PLUTO_25Hz.mp3]]<br />
PLUTO recording link here<br />
| [[File:PLUTO.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==DATA Signals==<br />
<br />
===FSK Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| CIS 36-50, BEE, T-600<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 0.085 to 0.500 kHz (85 to 500 Hz depending on mode)<br />
| 85, 125, 250, or 500, only one shift used at a time<br />
| 2<br />
| Appears as two lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted, at idle presents 36 Bd<br />
| Used primarily by Russian Navy, a mode of the T-600 modem<br />
| [[Media:CIS_36_50.mp3]]<br />
CIS 36-50 recording<br />
| [[File:CIS_36_50.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| CIS 50-50, BEE, T-600<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 0.200 to 0.250 kHz (200 or 250 Hz depending on mode)<br />
| 200 or 250 Hz, only one shift used at a time<br />
| 2<br />
| Appears as two lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted, at idle presents 50 Bd<br />
| Used primarily by Russian Navy, a mode of the T-600 modem<br />
| [[Media:CIS_50_50.mp3]]<br />
CIS 50-50 recording<br />
| [[File:CIS_50_50.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[STANAG]] [[4481 FSK]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 0.85 kHz (850 Hz)<br />
| 850 Hz<br />
| 2<br />
| Appears as two lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted<br />
| Used by NATO forces world wide<br />
| [[Media:S4481_FSK.mp3]]<br />
4481 FSK recording<br />
| [[File:S4481_FSK.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===MFSK Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| MIL STD 181-141A [[ALE]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 1.75 kHz (1750 Hz)<br />
| 250 Hz<br />
| 8<br />
| Appears as eight broken lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted, rhythmic sound<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:ALE_SND.mp3]]<br />
MIL STD 188-141A sounding recording<br />
| [[File:ALE_snd.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| JT-65 [[JT65]]<br />
| All ham bands<br />
| 0.175 kHz (175 Hz)<br />
| ~2.65 Hz<br />
| 65<br />
| Appears as stepped lines on the waterfall, has a musical sound to it, can be confused by new listeners for a polytone numbers station like XPA<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:JT65.mp3]]<br />
JT65 recording<br />
| [[File:JT65.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===PSK Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| (Chinese) CHN 4+4<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 2.9 kHz<br />
| 300 Hz, with 450 Hz gap<br />
| 8<br />
| Appears as 8 PSK tones on the waterfall, noticeable 450 Hz gap between tones 4 and 5<br />
| Used by Chinese military<br />
| [[Media:CHN4_4.mp3]]<br />
CHN 4+4 recording<br />
| [[File:CHN4_4.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| CIS12, Fire, MS5, AT3004D, AT3104D<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 3.3 kHz<br />
| 200 Hz (12 tone) or 120 Hz (20 tone)<br />
| 12 or 20<br />
| Appears as 12 or 20 PSK tones on the waterfall, with 3300 Hz Doppler (pilot) tone<br />
| Used primarily by Russian military<br />
| [[Media:CIS12.mp3]]<br />
CIS12 recording<br />
| [[File:CIS12.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[PSK31]]<br />
| Mostly in the ham radio bands<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:psk31_recording.mp3]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===SELCAL Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Image Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| Slow Scan TV [[SSTV]]<br />
| Mostly in the ham radio bands<br />
| 1100-2300 Hz<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Distinctive burst of VIS code bits at the beginning, then a rhythmic sound as the scan lines of video are sent<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:Robot36C.WAV]]<br />
| [[File:Sstv_waterfall.png|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| Weather Fascimile [[Fax]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 1500-2300 Hz<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Rhythmic sound as the scan lines of video are sent twice a second<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:Fax_signal.mp3]]<br />
| [[File:fax_waterfall.png|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| Hellschreiber [[Hellschreiber]]<br />
| Mostly in the ham radio bands<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Scratchy sound as the pixels of each character are sent<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
==Unidentified Signals==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| HFU UNID001<br />
Sweepers<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range, but primarily noticed above 10000 kHz<br />
| Sub 2 kHz to over 200 kHz<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Various shapes, but typically presents as a sweeping, unstable, signal on a waterfall<br />
| Unknown, a strong theory is these are related to industrial processes, possibly RF Welding<br />
| [[Media:UNID001_Sweepers.mp3]]<br />
Sweeper recording, multple examples<br />
| [[File:UNID001_Sweepers.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| HFU UNID002<br />
Pips<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically very narrow, as CW, but occasionally with light 3 kHz modulation<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Appears as a periodic dit or dash on a waterfall with fixed spacing between Pips, typical lengths are 0.063 to 1.5 sec, spacing has ranged from 3.0 to 27 seconds<br />
| Unknown<br />
| [[Media:UNID002_Pips.mp3]]<br />
Pips recording, multiple examples<br />
| [[File:UNID002_Pips.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
----</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/File:CIS12.jpgFile:CIS12.jpg2015-06-07T05:13:25Z<p>Token: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/File:CIS12.mp3File:CIS12.mp32015-06-07T05:12:52Z<p>Token: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Signal_IdentificationSignal Identification2015-06-07T05:12:09Z<p>Token: /* PSK Modes */ added CIS12 mode</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Still under construction, call this a late Beta version, almost ready for prime time'''<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
== Why is this Guide here? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
The goal of this Wiki is to help people ID sounds and signals they might come across on the radio, primarily in the HF (3000 to 30000 kHz) and MW (300 to 3000 kHz) bands. Of course not all possible signals can be identified, and certainly they cannot all be presented here. So the IDs will start with the most common modes and move forward from those. As signals to be IDed are presented and hopefully identified on the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,27.0.html HFUnderground HF Mystery Signals] board they will be added to these lists, assuming they were not already here.<br />
<br />
<br />
With the advent and proliferation of SDRs to the hobby of shortwave listening, and the often associated wideband waterfall / spectrum displays, hobbyist are now more likely to notice short duration, transient, signals. Signals are now visually presented that in the past would not have been noticed at all unless the listener just happened to be tuned to the right random frequency when the short duration signal occurred. This has had the affect of raising the probability of reception of any given signal type, regardless of duration. Further, these waterfalls and spectrum images can be used to help ID specific modes of operation, as different techniques often have very different visual signatures.<br />
<br />
<br />
Today's online receiver nodes (from services like [http://www.globaltuners.com/ Globaltuners], [http://sdrspace.com/ SDR-Radio.com], and [http://websdr.org/ WebSDR.org]) mean that more people than ever potentially have access to monitor the HF spectrum. Often people with no prior exposure to HF radio or shortwave listening first gravitate to these kinds of services, as they take no investment in equipment to start using. They then face a sometimes steep learning curve of "what am I hearing, and what are these things on the radio".<br />
<br />
<br />
In general the use of analogue voice and manual communications modes on the HF and MW bands is on the decline, replaced with digital and data modes. The use of other than communications modes, such as ionospheric sounders and HF radars, seems to be at an all-time high. For the new listener, or for more experienced listeners without the proper tools, identifying some of these modes and signals can be a challenge.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== How to submit a signal for ID? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
Go to the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,27.0.html HFUnderground HF Mystery Signals] board and follow the guidelines presented there for posting. Assuming the signal is IDed there, and it is not already on the list here, it will likely be added to this list.<br />
<br />
<br />
== How to use this Identification Guide? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
If you look at the tables of the guide you will see it is divided into three types of signals, "Non DATA Signals", "DATA Signals", and "Unidentified Signals". Each section can be further broken down into sub categories.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Non DATA Signals:'''<br />
<br />
Non DATA Signals are modes that do not carry what is traditionally thought of as digital data. This will be analogue voice modes, traditional Morse Code transmissions, and signals along those basic lines. Radars and Ionosondes have also been included in this segment, as they are not typically DATA transmissions.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''DATA Signals:'''<br />
<br />
DATA Signals are pretty much everything else. If it goes through a modem or is computer generated before being transmitted to the open air it will probably be included in the DATA Signals section. This includes digital voice modes, including many encrypted modes. The DATA Signals section is loosely broken down into the type of modulation used for the data, FSK, MFSK, PSK, etc.<br />
<br />
<br />
Various image modes, such as HFFAX, SSTV, etc, are included in the DATA Signals, even when they are not digital in nature. Despite many of these types having analogue backgrounds most are generated by computer today.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Unidentified Signals:'''<br />
<br />
Unidentified Signals are signals that have not yet been identified. As they are reported or added they will be assigned an "HFU UNID" sequential 3 digit number. This number means nothing, and is just a way to track information and discussions about that signal on the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,27.0.html HFUnderground HF Mystery Signals] board.<br />
<br />
<br />
These UNID signals may appear in more than one segment of the guide, they will be in the Unidentified Signals segment, but may also be shown under their modulation types. For example, an Unknown signal that is obviously an FSK signal may be in both the Unidentified Signals area, and the FSK area, but in both cases they will carry the same UNID number.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Basic information shown for all Entries==<br />
<br />
=== Mode ===<br />
"Mode" is simply a generally accepted name of the technique. This may not be the only designator used for that specific technique. For example, traditional "AM" can also be described as "Double sideband with full carrier", and "A3E". In such a case these other designations may be included on the Mode Specific page. If a Mode Specific page exist for a mode you can access it by clicking on the name in the Mode column. The Mode Specific page will generally contain more detailed information than can be included in this initial chart.<br />
<br />
=== Frequency Range (kHz) ===<br />
"Frequency Range (kHz)" is the range of frequencies where one might find this specific mode in use. For many modes this can be a very wide range, but other modes might be very limited in range. Remember this guide is MW and HF specific and may not consider usage in other frequency ranges.<br />
<br />
=== Bandwidth (kHz) ===<br />
"Bandwidth (kHz)" is the normally occupied bandwidth of the signal, as might be seen on a waterfall or spectrum display. Unless you include the power point for the measurement (3 dB, 6 dB, 10 dB, 20 dB, etc) this is an approximate value only. Because of this very strong signals can appear wider than very weak signals, even if both signals are actually using the same bandwidth. The goal here is to provide something that might help identification, not to define a technical specification for the mode. <br />
<br />
=== Shift (kHz) ===<br />
"Shift (kHz)" is something that only applies to certain types of DATA or digital transmissions. It will be used to define the spacing for visually definable tones or data channels in a transmission.<br />
<br />
=== Number of Tones ===<br />
"Number of Tones" is applicable to certain types of DATA or digital transmissions. It will be used to indicate the number of visually definable tones or data channels in a transmission. <br />
<br />
=== Key Features ===<br />
"Key Features" will be selected features that can help identify the signal, or at least narrow down the candidate pool. Ideally it will be one or two visually distinctive features that can be seen on a waterfall or spectrum display, but these might also be auditory features.<br />
<br />
=== Sources ===<br />
"Sources" are the most likely source for this transmission mode, if known.<br />
<br />
=== Recording ===<br />
"Recording" will link to an audio recording of the mode. Further recordings, both audio and video, may be present on the Mode Specific page.<br />
<br />
=== Spectrum Image ===<br />
"Spectrum Image" is a 200 pixel wide expandable thumbnail image of the signal, often either the spectrum or a waterfall / histogram of some kind. Typically the full size version of this images is at least 640 x 480.<br />
<br />
=The Signals=<br />
<br />
<br />
==Non DATA Signals==<br />
<br />
===Communications Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| [[AM]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically 2.6 to 10.0 kHz, can be wider or narrower<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Carrier present in center of signal, audio typically mirrored left and right of the carrier<br />
| World wide<br />
| AM recording link here<br />
| [[File:AM_SWBC_7520.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[CW]]<br />
(Morse Code)<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Very narrow, potentially less than 50 Hz<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Line or broken line on the waterfall, no sidebands, may show wider "key clicks" at the start and stop of each dot and dash<br />
| World wide<br />
| CW recording link here<br />
| [[File:CW_ham_7030.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[LSB]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically 2.4 to 3.0 kHz, can be wider or narrower<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| No carrier present in Spectrum, audio typically bunched to towards the right (low audio frequency)<br />
| World wide<br />
| LSB recording link here<br />
| [[File:LSB_ham_7155.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[USB]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically 2.4 to 3.0 kHz, can be wider or narrower<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| No carrier present in Spectrum, audio typically bunched to towards the left (low audio frequency)<br />
| World wide<br />
| USB recording link here<br />
| [[File:USB_ham_14185.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
===Non Communications Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| 16 x 64 Sounder (nickname, official name or designation not known)<br />
| Below 4000 to above 30000 observed<br />
| 2.5 kHz<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMCW transmission, changes sweep rates in 16 steps, resulting in 16 different sounds per transmission, a pilot tone may precede each rate change but is not always present<br />
| Unknown<br />
| [[Media:16x64_sounder.mp3]]<br />
16 x 64 sounder recording<br />
| [[File:16x64_sounder.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| 29B6 radar "Kontainer"<br />
| 6000 to at least 32000<br />
| 4 to 28 kHz observed, unknown limits, width depending on specific operating conditions<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMOP transmission, presenting a wide signal equal to the swept (chirped) width, sweep rate creates a pulsed sound affect, easily confused with British PLUTO radar<br />
| Kovylkino, Mordovia, Russia<br />
| [[Media:29B6.mp3]]<br />
29B6 recording, first portion wide audio, second narrow, as would be heard on many receivers<br />
| [[File:29B6.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| CODAR (Coastal Ocean Dynamics Applications Radar), a specialized radar used to study ocena currents and waves<br />
| 4000 to 27000<br />
| 16 to 240 kHz, depending on band, higher frequencies mean wider swept widths<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMOP or FMICW transmission, presenting a wide signal equal to the swept (chirped) width, sweep rate can create "swooshing" sounds on radio, pulsed transmission can give the sound a rough quality<br />
| World wide, hundreds of locations around the World<br />
| [[Media:CODAR.mp3]]<br />
CODAR recording, first 40 seconds in USB, next 40 in AM, last 40 in LSB<br />
| [[File:CODAR_sweeps.jpg|200px]]<br />
[[File:CODAR_pulses.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| PLUTO radar (possible offical name, PLUTO II, suggested by online documents)<br />
| 8000 to 38000<br />
| 3 to 40 kHz, depending on specific operating conditions<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMCW transmission, presenting a wide signal equal to the swept (chirped) width, sweep rate creates a pulsed sound affect, easily confused with Russian 29B6 radar<br />
| British Sovereing base of Akrotiri, Island of Cyprus<br />
| [[Media:PLUTO_50Hz.mp3]]<br />
[[Media:PLUTO_25Hz.mp3]]<br />
PLUTO recording link here<br />
| [[File:PLUTO.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==DATA Signals==<br />
<br />
===FSK Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| CIS 36-50, BEE, T-600<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 0.085 to 0.500 kHz (85 to 500 Hz depending on mode)<br />
| 85, 125, 250, or 500, only one shift used at a time<br />
| 2<br />
| Appears as two lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted, at idle presents 36 Bd<br />
| Used primarily by Russian Navy, a mode of the T-600 modem<br />
| [[Media:CIS_36_50.mp3]]<br />
CIS 36-50 recording<br />
| [[File:CIS_36_50.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| CIS 50-50, BEE, T-600<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 0.200 to 0.250 kHz (200 or 250 Hz depending on mode)<br />
| 200 or 250 Hz, only one shift used at a time<br />
| 2<br />
| Appears as two lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted, at idle presents 50 Bd<br />
| Used primarily by Russian Navy, a mode of the T-600 modem<br />
| [[Media:CIS_50_50.mp3]]<br />
CIS 50-50 recording<br />
| [[File:CIS_50_50.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[STANAG]] [[4481 FSK]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 0.85 kHz (850 Hz)<br />
| 850 Hz<br />
| 2<br />
| Appears as two lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted<br />
| Used by NATO forces world wide<br />
| [[Media:S4481_FSK.mp3]]<br />
4481 FSK recording<br />
| [[File:S4481_FSK.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===MFSK Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| MIL STD 181-141A [[ALE]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 1.75 kHz (1750 Hz)<br />
| 250 Hz<br />
| 8<br />
| Appears as eight broken lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted, rhythmic sound<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:ALE_SND.mp3]]<br />
MIL STD 188-141A sounding recording<br />
| [[File:ALE_snd.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| JT-65 [[JT65]]<br />
| All ham bands<br />
| 0.175 kHz (175 Hz)<br />
| ~2.65 Hz<br />
| 65<br />
| Appears as stepped lines on the waterfall, has a musical sound to it, can be confused by new listeners for a polytone numbers station like XPA<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:JT65.mp3]]<br />
JT65 recording<br />
| [[File:JT65.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===PSK Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| CIS12, Fire, MS5, AT3004D, AT3104D<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 3.3 kHz<br />
| 200 Hz (12 tone) or 120 Hz (20 tone)<br />
| 12 or 20<br />
| Appears as 12 or 20 PSK tones on the waterfall, with 3300 Hz Doppler (pilot) tone<br />
| Used primarily by Russian military<br />
| [[Media:CIS12.mp3]]<br />
CIS12 recording<br />
| [[File:CIS12.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[PSK31]]<br />
| Mostly in the ham radio bands<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:psk31_recording.mp3]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===SELCAL Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Image Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| Slow Scan TV [[SSTV]]<br />
| Mostly in the ham radio bands<br />
| 1100-2300 Hz<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Distinctive burst of VIS code bits at the beginning, then a rhythmic sound as the scan lines of video are sent<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:Robot36C.WAV]]<br />
| [[File:Sstv_waterfall.png|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| Weather Fascimile [[Fax]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 1500-2300 Hz<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Rhythmic sound as the scan lines of video are sent twice a second<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:Fax_signal.mp3]]<br />
| [[File:fax_waterfall.png|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| Hellschreiber [[Hellschreiber]]<br />
| Mostly in the ham radio bands<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Scratchy sound as the pixels of each character are sent<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
==Unidentified Signals==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| HFU UNID001<br />
Sweepers<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range, but primarily noticed above 10000 kHz<br />
| Sub 2 kHz to over 200 kHz<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Various shapes, but typically presents as a sweeping, unstable, signal on a waterfall<br />
| Unknown, a strong theory is these are related to industrial processes, possibly RF Welding<br />
| [[Media:UNID001_Sweepers.mp3]]<br />
Sweeper recording, multple examples<br />
| [[File:UNID001_Sweepers.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| HFU UNID002<br />
Pips<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically very narrow, as CW, but occasionally with light 3 kHz modulation<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Appears as a periodic dit or dash on a waterfall with fixed spacing between Pips, typical lengths are 0.063 to 1.5 sec, spacing has ranged from 3.0 to 27 seconds<br />
| Unknown<br />
| [[Media:UNID002_Pips.mp3]]<br />
Pips recording, multiple examples<br />
| [[File:UNID002_Pips.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
----</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/File:CODAR_pulses.jpgFile:CODAR pulses.jpg2015-01-24T04:30:59Z<p>Token: </p>
<hr />
<div>Amplitude / time image (not the typical SDR waterfall frequency / time) showing a few pulses of a 4 MHz CODAR. In this case the pulse is about 950 microseconds wide, with a 1900 microsecond pulse repetition interval, giving the fairly typical (for CODAR) 50% duty cycle.</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/File:CODAR.mp3File:CODAR.mp32015-01-24T04:28:08Z<p>Token: Audio recording of a 4 MHz area CODAR. The recording is done in multiple receiver modes. The first 40 seconds are in USB, the next 40 are in AM, and the final 40 are in LSB.</p>
<hr />
<div>Audio recording of a 4 MHz area CODAR. The recording is done in multiple receiver modes. The first 40 seconds are in USB, the next 40 are in AM, and the final 40 are in LSB.</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/File:CODAR_pulses.jpgFile:CODAR pulses.jpg2015-01-24T04:21:08Z<p>Token: Amplitude / time image showing a few pulses of a 4 MHz CODAR. In this case the pulse is about 950 microseconds wide, with a 1900 microsecond pulse repetition interval, giving the fairly typical (for CODAR) 50% duty cycle.</p>
<hr />
<div>Amplitude / time image showing a few pulses of a 4 MHz CODAR. In this case the pulse is about 950 microseconds wide, with a 1900 microsecond pulse repetition interval, giving the fairly typical (for CODAR) 50% duty cycle.</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/File:CODAR_sweeps.jpgFile:CODAR sweeps.jpg2015-01-24T04:16:52Z<p>Token: Spectrum image showing the swept width of a typical 4 or 5 MHz CODAR. Typically the swept width gets wider as you go up in frequency bands.</p>
<hr />
<div>Spectrum image showing the swept width of a typical 4 or 5 MHz CODAR. Typically the swept width gets wider as you go up in frequency bands.</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Signal_IdentificationSignal Identification2015-01-24T04:15:02Z<p>Token: /* Non Communications Modes */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Still under construction, call this a late Beta version, almost ready for prime time'''<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
== Why is this Guide here? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
The goal of this Wiki is to help people ID sounds and signals they might come across on the radio, primarily in the HF (3000 to 30000 kHz) and MW (300 to 3000 kHz) bands. Of course not all possible signals can be identified, and certainly they cannot all be presented here. So the IDs will start with the most common modes and move forward from those. As signals to be IDed are presented and hopefully identified on the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,27.0.html HFUnderground HF Mystery Signals] board they will be added to these lists, assuming they were not already here.<br />
<br />
<br />
With the advent and proliferation of SDRs to the hobby of shortwave listening, and the often associated wideband waterfall / spectrum displays, hobbyist are now more likely to notice short duration, transient, signals. Signals are now visually presented that in the past would not have been noticed at all unless the listener just happened to be tuned to the right random frequency when the short duration signal occurred. This has had the affect of raising the probability of reception of any given signal type, regardless of duration. Further, these waterfalls and spectrum images can be used to help ID specific modes of operation, as different techniques often have very different visual signatures.<br />
<br />
<br />
Today's online receiver nodes (from services like [http://www.globaltuners.com/ Globaltuners], [http://sdrspace.com/ SDR-Radio.com], and [http://websdr.org/ WebSDR.org]) mean that more people than ever potentially have access to monitor the HF spectrum. Often people with no prior exposure to HF radio or shortwave listening first gravitate to these kinds of services, as they take no investment in equipment to start using. They then face a sometimes steep learning curve of "what am I hearing, and what are these things on the radio".<br />
<br />
<br />
In general the use of analogue voice and manual communications modes on the HF and MW bands is on the decline, replaced with digital and data modes. The use of other than communications modes, such as ionospheric sounders and HF radars, seems to be at an all-time high. For the new listener, or for more experienced listeners without the proper tools, identifying some of these modes and signals can be a challenge.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== How to submit a signal for ID? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
Go to the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,27.0.html HFUnderground HF Mystery Signals] board and follow the guidelines presented there for posting. Assuming the signal is IDed there, and it is not already on the list here, it will likely be added to this list.<br />
<br />
<br />
== How to use this Identification Guide? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
If you look at the tables of the guide you will see it is divided into three types of signals, "Non DATA Signals", "DATA Signals", and "Unidentified Signals". Each section can be further broken down into sub categories.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Non DATA Signals:'''<br />
<br />
Non DATA Signals are modes that do not carry what is traditionally thought of as digital data. This will be analogue voice modes, traditional Morse Code transmissions, and signals along those basic lines. Radars and Ionosondes have also been included in this segment, as they are not typically DATA transmissions.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''DATA Signals:'''<br />
<br />
DATA Signals are pretty much everything else. If it goes through a modem or is computer generated before being transmitted to the open air it will probably be included in the DATA Signals section. This includes digital voice modes, including many encrypted modes. The DATA Signals section is loosely broken down into the type of modulation used for the data, FSK, MFSK, PSK, etc.<br />
<br />
<br />
Various image modes, such as HFFAX, SSTV, etc, are included in the DATA Signals, even when they are not digital in nature. Despite many of these types having analogue backgrounds most are generated by computer today.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Unidentified Signals:'''<br />
<br />
Unidentified Signals are signals that have not yet been identified. As they are reported or added they will be assigned an "HFU UNID" sequential 3 digit number. This number means nothing, and is just a way to track information and discussions about that signal on the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,27.0.html HFUnderground HF Mystery Signals] board.<br />
<br />
<br />
These UNID signals may appear in more than one segment of the guide, they will be in the Unidentified Signals segment, but may also be shown under their modulation types. For example, an Unknown signal that is obviously an FSK signal may be in both the Unidentified Signals area, and the FSK area, but in both cases they will carry the same UNID number.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Basic information shown for all Entries==<br />
<br />
=== Mode ===<br />
"Mode" is simply a generally accepted name of the technique. This may not be the only designator used for that specific technique. For example, traditional "AM" can also be described as "Double sideband with full carrier", and "A3E". In such a case these other designations may be included on the Mode Specific page. If a Mode Specific page exist for a mode you can access it by clicking on the name in the Mode column. The Mode Specific page will generally contain more detailed information than can be included in this initial chart.<br />
<br />
=== Frequency Range (kHz) ===<br />
"Frequency Range (kHz)" is the range of frequencies where one might find this specific mode in use. For many modes this can be a very wide range, but other modes might be very limited in range. Remember this guide is MW and HF specific and may not consider usage in other frequency ranges.<br />
<br />
=== Bandwidth (kHz) ===<br />
"Bandwidth (kHz)" is the normally occupied bandwidth of the signal, as might be seen on a waterfall or spectrum display. Unless you include the power point for the measurement (3 dB, 6 dB, 10 dB, 20 dB, etc) this is an approximate value only. Because of this very strong signals can appear wider than very weak signals, even if both signals are actually using the same bandwidth. The goal here is to provide something that might help identification, not to define a technical specification for the mode. <br />
<br />
=== Shift (kHz) ===<br />
"Shift (kHz)" is something that only applies to certain types of DATA or digital transmissions. It will be used to define the spacing for visually definable tones or data channels in a transmission.<br />
<br />
=== Number of Tones ===<br />
"Number of Tones" is applicable to certain types of DATA or digital transmissions. It will be used to indicate the number of visually definable tones or data channels in a transmission. <br />
<br />
=== Key Features ===<br />
"Key Features" will be selected features that can help identify the signal, or at least narrow down the candidate pool. Ideally it will be one or two visually distinctive features that can be seen on a waterfall or spectrum display, but these might also be auditory features.<br />
<br />
=== Sources ===<br />
"Sources" are the most likely source for this transmission mode, if known.<br />
<br />
=== Recording ===<br />
"Recording" will link to an audio recording of the mode. Further recordings, both audio and video, may be present on the Mode Specific page.<br />
<br />
=== Spectrum Image ===<br />
"Spectrum Image" is a 200 pixel wide expandable thumbnail image of the signal, often either the spectrum or a waterfall / histogram of some kind. Typically the full size version of this images is at least 640 x 480.<br />
<br />
=The Signals=<br />
<br />
<br />
==Non DATA Signals==<br />
<br />
===Communications Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| [[AM]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically 2.6 to 10.0 kHz, can be wider or narrower<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Carrier present in center of signal, audio typically mirrored left and right of the carrier<br />
| World wide<br />
| AM recording link here<br />
| [[File:AM_SWBC_7520.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[CW]]<br />
(Morse Code)<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Very narrow, potentially less than 50 Hz<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Line or broken line on the waterfall, no sidebands, may show wider "key clicks" at the start and stop of each dot and dash<br />
| World wide<br />
| CW recording link here<br />
| [[File:CW_ham_7030.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[LSB]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically 2.4 to 3.0 kHz, can be wider or narrower<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| No carrier present in Spectrum, audio typically bunched to towards the right (low audio frequency)<br />
| World wide<br />
| LSB recording link here<br />
| [[File:LSB_ham_7155.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[USB]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically 2.4 to 3.0 kHz, can be wider or narrower<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| No carrier present in Spectrum, audio typically bunched to towards the left (low audio frequency)<br />
| World wide<br />
| USB recording link here<br />
| [[File:USB_ham_14185.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
===Non Communications Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| 16 x 64 Sounder (nickname, official name or designation not known)<br />
| Below 4000 to above 30000 observed<br />
| 2.5 kHz<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMCW transmission, changes sweep rates in 16 steps, resulting in 16 different sounds per transmission, a pilot tone may precede each rate change but is not always present<br />
| Unknown<br />
| [[Media:16x64_sounder.mp3]]<br />
16 x 64 sounder recording<br />
| [[File:16x64_sounder.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| 29B6 radar "Kontainer"<br />
| 6000 to at least 32000<br />
| 4 to 28 kHz observed, unknown limits, width depending on specific operating conditions<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMOP transmission, presenting a wide signal equal to the swept (chirped) width, sweep rate creates a pulsed sound affect, easily confused with British PLUTO radar<br />
| Kovylkino, Mordovia, Russia<br />
| [[Media:29B6.mp3]]<br />
29B6 recording, first portion wide audio, second narrow, as would be heard on many receivers<br />
| [[File:29B6.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| CODAR (Coastal Ocean Dynamics Applications Radar), a specialized radar used to study ocena currents and waves<br />
| 4000 to 27000<br />
| 16 to 240 kHz, depending on band, higher frequencies mean wider swept widths<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMOP or FMICW transmission, presenting a wide signal equal to the swept (chirped) width, sweep rate can create "swooshing" sounds on radio, pulsed transmission can give the sound a rough quality<br />
| World wide, hundreds of locations around the World<br />
| [[Media:CODAR.mp3]]<br />
CODAR recording, first 40 seconds in USB, next 40 in AM, last 40 in LSB<br />
| [[File:CODAR_sweeps.jpg|200px]]<br />
[[File:CODAR_pulses.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| PLUTO radar (possible offical name, PLUTO II, suggested by online documents)<br />
| 8000 to 38000<br />
| 3 to 40 kHz, depending on specific operating conditions<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMCW transmission, presenting a wide signal equal to the swept (chirped) width, sweep rate creates a pulsed sound affect, easily confused with Russian 29B6 radar<br />
| British Sovereing base of Akrotiri, Island of Cyprus<br />
| [[Media:PLUTO_50Hz.mp3]]<br />
[[Media:PLUTO_25Hz.mp3]]<br />
PLUTO recording link here<br />
| [[File:PLUTO.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==DATA Signals==<br />
<br />
===FSK Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| CIS 36-50, BEE, T-600<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 0.085 to 0.500 kHz (85 to 500 Hz depending on mode)<br />
| 85, 125, 250, or 500, only one shift used at a time<br />
| 2<br />
| Appears as two lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted, at idle presents 36 Bd<br />
| Used primarily by Russian Navy, a mode of the T-600 modem<br />
| [[Media:CIS_36_50.mp3]]<br />
CIS 36-50 recording<br />
| [[File:CIS_36_50.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| CIS 50-50, BEE, T-600<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 0.200 to 0.250 kHz (200 or 250 Hz depending on mode)<br />
| 200 or 250 Hz, only one shift used at a time<br />
| 2<br />
| Appears as two lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted, at idle presents 50 Bd<br />
| Used primarily by Russian Navy, a mode of the T-600 modem<br />
| [[Media:CIS_50_50.mp3]]<br />
CIS 50-50 recording<br />
| [[File:CIS_50_50.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[STANAG]] [[4481 FSK]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 0.85 kHz (850 Hz)<br />
| 850 Hz<br />
| 2<br />
| Appears as two lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted<br />
| Used by NATO forces world wide<br />
| [[Media:S4481_FSK.mp3]]<br />
4481 FSK recording<br />
| [[File:S4481_FSK.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===MFSK Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| MIL STD 181-141A [[ALE]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 1.75 kHz (1750 Hz)<br />
| 250 Hz<br />
| 8<br />
| Appears as eight broken lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted, rhythmic sound<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:ALE_SND.mp3]]<br />
MIL STD 188-141A sounding recording<br />
| [[File:ALE_snd.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| JT-65 [[JT65]]<br />
| All ham bands<br />
| 0.175 kHz (175 Hz)<br />
| ~2.65 Hz<br />
| 65<br />
| Appears as stepped lines on the waterfall, has a musical sound to it, can be confused by new listeners for a polytone numbers station like XPA<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:JT65.mp3]]<br />
JT65 recording<br />
| [[File:JT65.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===PSK Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| [[PSK31]]<br />
| Mostly in the ham radio bands<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:psk31_recording.mp3]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===SELCAL Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Image Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| Slow Scan TV [[SSTV]]<br />
| Mostly in the ham radio bands<br />
| 1100-2300 Hz<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Distinctive burst of VIS code bits at the beginning, then a rhythmic sound as the scan lines of video are sent<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:Robot36C.WAV]]<br />
| [[File:Sstv_waterfall.png|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| Weather Fascimile [[Fax]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 1500-2300 Hz<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Rhythmic sound as the scan lines of video are sent twice a second<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:Fax_signal.mp3]]<br />
| [[File:fax_waterfall.png|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| Hellschreiber [[Hellschreiber]]<br />
| Mostly in the ham radio bands<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Scratchy sound as the pixels of each character are sent<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
==Unidentified Signals==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| HFU UNID001<br />
Sweepers<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range, but primarily noticed above 10000 kHz<br />
| Sub 2 kHz to over 200 kHz<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Various shapes, but typically presents as a sweeping, unstable, signal on a waterfall<br />
| Unknown, a strong theory is these are related to industrial processes, possibly RF Welding<br />
| [[Media:UNID001_Sweepers.mp3]]<br />
Sweeper recording, multple examples<br />
| [[File:UNID001_Sweepers.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| HFU UNID002<br />
Pips<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically very narrow, as CW, but occasionally with light 3 kHz modulation<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Appears as a periodic dit or dash on a waterfall with fixed spacing between Pips, typical lengths are 0.063 to 1.5 sec, spacing has ranged from 3.0 to 27 seconds<br />
| Unknown<br />
| [[Media:UNID002_Pips.mp3]]<br />
Pips recording, multiple examples<br />
| [[File:UNID002_Pips.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
----</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Signal_IdentificationSignal Identification2015-01-24T04:13:28Z<p>Token: /* Non Communications Modes */ Added CODAR entry</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Still under construction, call this a late Beta version, almost ready for prime time'''<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
== Why is this Guide here? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
The goal of this Wiki is to help people ID sounds and signals they might come across on the radio, primarily in the HF (3000 to 30000 kHz) and MW (300 to 3000 kHz) bands. Of course not all possible signals can be identified, and certainly they cannot all be presented here. So the IDs will start with the most common modes and move forward from those. As signals to be IDed are presented and hopefully identified on the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,27.0.html HFUnderground HF Mystery Signals] board they will be added to these lists, assuming they were not already here.<br />
<br />
<br />
With the advent and proliferation of SDRs to the hobby of shortwave listening, and the often associated wideband waterfall / spectrum displays, hobbyist are now more likely to notice short duration, transient, signals. Signals are now visually presented that in the past would not have been noticed at all unless the listener just happened to be tuned to the right random frequency when the short duration signal occurred. This has had the affect of raising the probability of reception of any given signal type, regardless of duration. Further, these waterfalls and spectrum images can be used to help ID specific modes of operation, as different techniques often have very different visual signatures.<br />
<br />
<br />
Today's online receiver nodes (from services like [http://www.globaltuners.com/ Globaltuners], [http://sdrspace.com/ SDR-Radio.com], and [http://websdr.org/ WebSDR.org]) mean that more people than ever potentially have access to monitor the HF spectrum. Often people with no prior exposure to HF radio or shortwave listening first gravitate to these kinds of services, as they take no investment in equipment to start using. They then face a sometimes steep learning curve of "what am I hearing, and what are these things on the radio".<br />
<br />
<br />
In general the use of analogue voice and manual communications modes on the HF and MW bands is on the decline, replaced with digital and data modes. The use of other than communications modes, such as ionospheric sounders and HF radars, seems to be at an all-time high. For the new listener, or for more experienced listeners without the proper tools, identifying some of these modes and signals can be a challenge.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== How to submit a signal for ID? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
Go to the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,27.0.html HFUnderground HF Mystery Signals] board and follow the guidelines presented there for posting. Assuming the signal is IDed there, and it is not already on the list here, it will likely be added to this list.<br />
<br />
<br />
== How to use this Identification Guide? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
If you look at the tables of the guide you will see it is divided into three types of signals, "Non DATA Signals", "DATA Signals", and "Unidentified Signals". Each section can be further broken down into sub categories.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Non DATA Signals:'''<br />
<br />
Non DATA Signals are modes that do not carry what is traditionally thought of as digital data. This will be analogue voice modes, traditional Morse Code transmissions, and signals along those basic lines. Radars and Ionosondes have also been included in this segment, as they are not typically DATA transmissions.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''DATA Signals:'''<br />
<br />
DATA Signals are pretty much everything else. If it goes through a modem or is computer generated before being transmitted to the open air it will probably be included in the DATA Signals section. This includes digital voice modes, including many encrypted modes. The DATA Signals section is loosely broken down into the type of modulation used for the data, FSK, MFSK, PSK, etc.<br />
<br />
<br />
Various image modes, such as HFFAX, SSTV, etc, are included in the DATA Signals, even when they are not digital in nature. Despite many of these types having analogue backgrounds most are generated by computer today.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Unidentified Signals:'''<br />
<br />
Unidentified Signals are signals that have not yet been identified. As they are reported or added they will be assigned an "HFU UNID" sequential 3 digit number. This number means nothing, and is just a way to track information and discussions about that signal on the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,27.0.html HFUnderground HF Mystery Signals] board.<br />
<br />
<br />
These UNID signals may appear in more than one segment of the guide, they will be in the Unidentified Signals segment, but may also be shown under their modulation types. For example, an Unknown signal that is obviously an FSK signal may be in both the Unidentified Signals area, and the FSK area, but in both cases they will carry the same UNID number.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Basic information shown for all Entries==<br />
<br />
=== Mode ===<br />
"Mode" is simply a generally accepted name of the technique. This may not be the only designator used for that specific technique. For example, traditional "AM" can also be described as "Double sideband with full carrier", and "A3E". In such a case these other designations may be included on the Mode Specific page. If a Mode Specific page exist for a mode you can access it by clicking on the name in the Mode column. The Mode Specific page will generally contain more detailed information than can be included in this initial chart.<br />
<br />
=== Frequency Range (kHz) ===<br />
"Frequency Range (kHz)" is the range of frequencies where one might find this specific mode in use. For many modes this can be a very wide range, but other modes might be very limited in range. Remember this guide is MW and HF specific and may not consider usage in other frequency ranges.<br />
<br />
=== Bandwidth (kHz) ===<br />
"Bandwidth (kHz)" is the normally occupied bandwidth of the signal, as might be seen on a waterfall or spectrum display. Unless you include the power point for the measurement (3 dB, 6 dB, 10 dB, 20 dB, etc) this is an approximate value only. Because of this very strong signals can appear wider than very weak signals, even if both signals are actually using the same bandwidth. The goal here is to provide something that might help identification, not to define a technical specification for the mode. <br />
<br />
=== Shift (kHz) ===<br />
"Shift (kHz)" is something that only applies to certain types of DATA or digital transmissions. It will be used to define the spacing for visually definable tones or data channels in a transmission.<br />
<br />
=== Number of Tones ===<br />
"Number of Tones" is applicable to certain types of DATA or digital transmissions. It will be used to indicate the number of visually definable tones or data channels in a transmission. <br />
<br />
=== Key Features ===<br />
"Key Features" will be selected features that can help identify the signal, or at least narrow down the candidate pool. Ideally it will be one or two visually distinctive features that can be seen on a waterfall or spectrum display, but these might also be auditory features.<br />
<br />
=== Sources ===<br />
"Sources" are the most likely source for this transmission mode, if known.<br />
<br />
=== Recording ===<br />
"Recording" will link to an audio recording of the mode. Further recordings, both audio and video, may be present on the Mode Specific page.<br />
<br />
=== Spectrum Image ===<br />
"Spectrum Image" is a 200 pixel wide expandable thumbnail image of the signal, often either the spectrum or a waterfall / histogram of some kind. Typically the full size version of this images is at least 640 x 480.<br />
<br />
=The Signals=<br />
<br />
<br />
==Non DATA Signals==<br />
<br />
===Communications Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| [[AM]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically 2.6 to 10.0 kHz, can be wider or narrower<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Carrier present in center of signal, audio typically mirrored left and right of the carrier<br />
| World wide<br />
| AM recording link here<br />
| [[File:AM_SWBC_7520.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[CW]]<br />
(Morse Code)<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Very narrow, potentially less than 50 Hz<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Line or broken line on the waterfall, no sidebands, may show wider "key clicks" at the start and stop of each dot and dash<br />
| World wide<br />
| CW recording link here<br />
| [[File:CW_ham_7030.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[LSB]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically 2.4 to 3.0 kHz, can be wider or narrower<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| No carrier present in Spectrum, audio typically bunched to towards the right (low audio frequency)<br />
| World wide<br />
| LSB recording link here<br />
| [[File:LSB_ham_7155.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[USB]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically 2.4 to 3.0 kHz, can be wider or narrower<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| No carrier present in Spectrum, audio typically bunched to towards the left (low audio frequency)<br />
| World wide<br />
| USB recording link here<br />
| [[File:USB_ham_14185.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
===Non Communications Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| 16 x 64 Sounder (nickname, official name or designation not known)<br />
| Below 4000 to above 30000 observed<br />
| 2.5 kHz<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMCW transmission, changes sweep rates in 16 steps, resulting in 16 different sounds per transmission, a pilot tone may precede each rate change but is not always present<br />
| Unknown<br />
| [[Media:16x64_sounder.mp3]]<br />
16 x 64 sounder recording<br />
| [[File:16x64_sounder.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| 29B6 radar "Kontainer"<br />
| 6000 to at least 32000<br />
| 4 to 28 kHz observed, unknown limits, width depending on specific operating conditions<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMOP transmission, presenting a wide signal equal to the swept (chirped) width, sweep rate creates a pulsed sound affect, easily confused with British PLUTO radar<br />
| Kovylkino, Mordovia, Russia<br />
| [[Media:29B6.mp3]]<br />
29B6 recording, first portion wide audio, second narrow, as would be heard on many receivers<br />
| [[File:29B6.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| CODAR (Coastal Ocean Dynamics Applications Radar), a specialized radar used to study ocena currents and waves<br />
| 4000 to 27000<br />
| 16 to 240 kHz, depending on band, higher frequencies mean wider swept widths<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMOP or FMICW transmission, presenting a wide signal equal to the swept (chirped) width, sweep rate can create "swooshing" sounds on radio, pusled transmission can give the sound a rough quality<br />
| World wide, hundreds of locations around the World<br />
| [[Media:CODAR.mp3]]<br />
CODAR recording, first 40 seconds in USB, next 40 in AM, last 40 in LSB<br />
| [[File:CODAR_sweeps.jpg|200px]]<br />
[[File:CODAR_pulses.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| PLUTO radar (possible offical name, PLUTO II, suggested by online documents)<br />
| 8000 to 38000<br />
| 3 to 40 kHz, depending on specific operating conditions<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMCW transmission, presenting a wide signal equal to the swept (chirped) width, sweep rate creates a pulsed sound affect, easily confused with Russian 29B6 radar<br />
| British Sovereing base of Akrotiri, Island of Cyprus<br />
| [[Media:PLUTO_50Hz.mp3]]<br />
[[Media:PLUTO_25Hz.mp3]]<br />
PLUTO recording link here<br />
| [[File:PLUTO.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==DATA Signals==<br />
<br />
===FSK Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| CIS 36-50, BEE, T-600<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 0.085 to 0.500 kHz (85 to 500 Hz depending on mode)<br />
| 85, 125, 250, or 500, only one shift used at a time<br />
| 2<br />
| Appears as two lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted, at idle presents 36 Bd<br />
| Used primarily by Russian Navy, a mode of the T-600 modem<br />
| [[Media:CIS_36_50.mp3]]<br />
CIS 36-50 recording<br />
| [[File:CIS_36_50.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| CIS 50-50, BEE, T-600<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 0.200 to 0.250 kHz (200 or 250 Hz depending on mode)<br />
| 200 or 250 Hz, only one shift used at a time<br />
| 2<br />
| Appears as two lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted, at idle presents 50 Bd<br />
| Used primarily by Russian Navy, a mode of the T-600 modem<br />
| [[Media:CIS_50_50.mp3]]<br />
CIS 50-50 recording<br />
| [[File:CIS_50_50.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[STANAG]] [[4481 FSK]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 0.85 kHz (850 Hz)<br />
| 850 Hz<br />
| 2<br />
| Appears as two lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted<br />
| Used by NATO forces world wide<br />
| [[Media:S4481_FSK.mp3]]<br />
4481 FSK recording<br />
| [[File:S4481_FSK.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===MFSK Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| MIL STD 181-141A [[ALE]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 1.75 kHz (1750 Hz)<br />
| 250 Hz<br />
| 8<br />
| Appears as eight broken lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted, rhythmic sound<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:ALE_SND.mp3]]<br />
MIL STD 188-141A sounding recording<br />
| [[File:ALE_snd.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| JT-65 [[JT65]]<br />
| All ham bands<br />
| 0.175 kHz (175 Hz)<br />
| ~2.65 Hz<br />
| 65<br />
| Appears as stepped lines on the waterfall, has a musical sound to it, can be confused by new listeners for a polytone numbers station like XPA<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:JT65.mp3]]<br />
JT65 recording<br />
| [[File:JT65.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===PSK Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| [[PSK31]]<br />
| Mostly in the ham radio bands<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:psk31_recording.mp3]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===SELCAL Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Image Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| Slow Scan TV [[SSTV]]<br />
| Mostly in the ham radio bands<br />
| 1100-2300 Hz<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Distinctive burst of VIS code bits at the beginning, then a rhythmic sound as the scan lines of video are sent<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:Robot36C.WAV]]<br />
| [[File:Sstv_waterfall.png|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| Weather Fascimile [[Fax]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 1500-2300 Hz<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Rhythmic sound as the scan lines of video are sent twice a second<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:Fax_signal.mp3]]<br />
| [[File:fax_waterfall.png|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| Hellschreiber [[Hellschreiber]]<br />
| Mostly in the ham radio bands<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Scratchy sound as the pixels of each character are sent<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
==Unidentified Signals==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| HFU UNID001<br />
Sweepers<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range, but primarily noticed above 10000 kHz<br />
| Sub 2 kHz to over 200 kHz<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Various shapes, but typically presents as a sweeping, unstable, signal on a waterfall<br />
| Unknown, a strong theory is these are related to industrial processes, possibly RF Welding<br />
| [[Media:UNID001_Sweepers.mp3]]<br />
Sweeper recording, multple examples<br />
| [[File:UNID001_Sweepers.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| HFU UNID002<br />
Pips<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically very narrow, as CW, but occasionally with light 3 kHz modulation<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Appears as a periodic dit or dash on a waterfall with fixed spacing between Pips, typical lengths are 0.063 to 1.5 sec, spacing has ranged from 3.0 to 27 seconds<br />
| Unknown<br />
| [[Media:UNID002_Pips.mp3]]<br />
Pips recording, multiple examples<br />
| [[File:UNID002_Pips.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
----</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/File:JT65.jpgFile:JT65.jpg2015-01-11T22:07:49Z<p>Token: JT65 in the 20 meter ham band. Note that multiple signals start and stop at the same time.</p>
<hr />
<div>JT65 in the 20 meter ham band. Note that multiple signals start and stop at the same time.</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/File:JT65.mp3File:JT65.mp32015-01-11T22:06:03Z<p>Token: JT65 signal recorded in the ham 20 meter band.</p>
<hr />
<div>JT65 signal recorded in the ham 20 meter band.</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Signal_IdentificationSignal Identification2015-01-11T22:04:55Z<p>Token: /* MFSK Modes */ Added JT65 entry</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Still under construction, call this a late Beta version, almost ready for prime time'''<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
== Why is this Guide here? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
The goal of this Wiki is to help people ID sounds and signals they might come across on the radio, primarily in the HF (3000 to 30000 kHz) and MW (300 to 3000 kHz) bands. Of course not all possible signals can be identified, and certainly they cannot all be presented here. So the IDs will start with the most common modes and move forward from those. As signals to be IDed are presented and hopefully identified on the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,27.0.html HFUnderground HF Mystery Signals] board they will be added to these lists, assuming they were not already here.<br />
<br />
<br />
With the advent and proliferation of SDRs to the hobby of shortwave listening, and the often associated wideband waterfall / spectrum displays, hobbyist are now more likely to notice short duration, transient, signals. Signals are now visually presented that in the past would not have been noticed at all unless the listener just happened to be tuned to the right random frequency when the short duration signal occurred. This has had the affect of raising the probability of reception of any given signal type, regardless of duration. Further, these waterfalls and spectrum images can be used to help ID specific modes of operation, as different techniques often have very different visual signatures.<br />
<br />
<br />
Today's online receiver nodes (from services like [http://www.globaltuners.com/ Globaltuners], [http://sdrspace.com/ SDR-Radio.com], and [http://websdr.org/ WebSDR.org]) mean that more people than ever potentially have access to monitor the HF spectrum. Often people with no prior exposure to HF radio or shortwave listening first gravitate to these kinds of services, as they take no investment in equipment to start using. They then face a sometimes steep learning curve of "what am I hearing, and what are these things on the radio".<br />
<br />
<br />
In general the use of analogue voice and manual communications modes on the HF and MW bands is on the decline, replaced with digital and data modes. The use of other than communications modes, such as ionospheric sounders and HF radars, seems to be at an all-time high. For the new listener, or for more experienced listeners without the proper tools, identifying some of these modes and signals can be a challenge.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== How to submit a signal for ID? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
Go to the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,27.0.html HFUnderground HF Mystery Signals] board and follow the guidelines presented there for posting. Assuming the signal is IDed there, and it is not already on the list here, it will likely be added to this list.<br />
<br />
<br />
== How to use this Identification Guide? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
If you look at the tables of the guide you will see it is divided into three types of signals, "Non DATA Signals", "DATA Signals", and "Unidentified Signals". Each section can be further broken down into sub categories.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Non DATA Signals:'''<br />
<br />
Non DATA Signals are modes that do not carry what is traditionally thought of as digital data. This will be analogue voice modes, traditional Morse Code transmissions, and signals along those basic lines. Radars and Ionosondes have also been included in this segment, as they are not typically DATA transmissions.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''DATA Signals:'''<br />
<br />
DATA Signals are pretty much everything else. If it goes through a modem or is computer generated before being transmitted to the open air it will probably be included in the DATA Signals section. This includes digital voice modes, including many encrypted modes. The DATA Signals section is loosely broken down into the type of modulation used for the data, FSK, MFSK, PSK, etc.<br />
<br />
<br />
Various image modes, such as HFFAX, SSTV, etc, are included in the DATA Signals, even when they are not digital in nature. Despite many of these types having analogue backgrounds most are generated by computer today.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Unidentified Signals:'''<br />
<br />
Unidentified Signals are signals that have not yet been identified. As they are reported or added they will be assigned an "HFU UNID" sequential 3 digit number. This number means nothing, and is just a way to track information and discussions about that signal on the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,27.0.html HFUnderground HF Mystery Signals] board.<br />
<br />
<br />
These UNID signals may appear in more than one segment of the guide, they will be in the Unidentified Signals segment, but may also be shown under their modulation types. For example, an Unknown signal that is obviously an FSK signal may be in both the Unidentified Signals area, and the FSK area, but in both cases they will carry the same UNID number.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Basic information shown for all Entries==<br />
<br />
=== Mode ===<br />
"Mode" is simply a generally accepted name of the technique. This may not be the only designator used for that specific technique. For example, traditional "AM" can also be described as "Double sideband with full carrier", and "A3E". In such a case these other designations may be included on the Mode Specific page. If a Mode Specific page exist for a mode you can access it by clicking on the name in the Mode column. The Mode Specific page will generally contain more detailed information than can be included in this initial chart.<br />
<br />
=== Frequency Range (kHz) ===<br />
"Frequency Range (kHz)" is the range of frequencies where one might find this specific mode in use. For many modes this can be a very wide range, but other modes might be very limited in range. Remember this guide is MW and HF specific and may not consider usage in other frequency ranges.<br />
<br />
=== Bandwidth (kHz) ===<br />
"Bandwidth (kHz)" is the normally occupied bandwidth of the signal, as might be seen on a waterfall or spectrum display. Unless you include the power point for the measurement (3 dB, 6 dB, 10 dB, 20 dB, etc) this is an approximate value only. Because of this very strong signals can appear wider than very weak signals, even if both signals are actually using the same bandwidth. The goal here is to provide something that might help identification, not to define a technical specification for the mode. <br />
<br />
=== Shift (kHz) ===<br />
"Shift (kHz)" is something that only applies to certain types of DATA or digital transmissions. It will be used to define the spacing for visually definable tones or data channels in a transmission.<br />
<br />
=== Number of Tones ===<br />
"Number of Tones" is applicable to certain types of DATA or digital transmissions. It will be used to indicate the number of visually definable tones or data channels in a transmission. <br />
<br />
=== Key Features ===<br />
"Key Features" will be selected features that can help identify the signal, or at least narrow down the candidate pool. Ideally it will be one or two visually distinctive features that can be seen on a waterfall or spectrum display, but these might also be auditory features.<br />
<br />
=== Sources ===<br />
"Sources" are the most likely source for this transmission mode, if known.<br />
<br />
=== Recording ===<br />
"Recording" will link to an audio recording of the mode. Further recordings, both audio and video, may be present on the Mode Specific page.<br />
<br />
=== Spectrum Image ===<br />
"Spectrum Image" is a 200 pixel wide expandable thumbnail image of the signal, often either the spectrum or a waterfall / histogram of some kind. Typically the full size version of this images is at least 640 x 480.<br />
<br />
=The Signals=<br />
<br />
<br />
==Non DATA Signals==<br />
<br />
===Communications Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| [[AM]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically 2.6 to 10.0 kHz, can be wider or narrower<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Carrier present in center of signal, audio typically mirrored left and right of the carrier<br />
| World wide<br />
| AM recording link here<br />
| [[File:AM_SWBC_7520.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[CW]]<br />
(Morse Code)<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Very narrow, potentially less than 50 Hz<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Line or broken line on the waterfall, no sidebands, may show wider "key clicks" at the start and stop of each dot and dash<br />
| World wide<br />
| CW recording link here<br />
| [[File:CW_ham_7030.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[LSB]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically 2.4 to 3.0 kHz, can be wider or narrower<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| No carrier present in Spectrum, audio typically bunched to towards the right (low audio frequency)<br />
| World wide<br />
| LSB recording link here<br />
| [[File:LSB_ham_7155.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[USB]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically 2.4 to 3.0 kHz, can be wider or narrower<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| No carrier present in Spectrum, audio typically bunched to towards the left (low audio frequency)<br />
| World wide<br />
| USB recording link here<br />
| [[File:USB_ham_14185.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
===Non Communications Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| 16 x 64 Sounder (nickname, official name or designation not known)<br />
| Below 4000 to above 30000 observed<br />
| 2.5 kHz<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMCW transmission, changes sweep rates in 16 steps, resulting in 16 different sounds per transmission, a pilot tone may precede each rate change but is not always present<br />
| Unknown<br />
| [[Media:16x64_sounder.mp3]]<br />
16 x 64 sounder recording<br />
| [[File:16x64_sounder.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| 29B6 radar "Kontainer"<br />
| 6000 to at least 32000<br />
| 4 to 28 kHz observed, unknown limits, width depending on specific operating conditions<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMOP transmission, presenting a wide signal equal to the swept (chirped) width, sweep rate creates a pulsed sound affect, easily confused with British PLUTO radar<br />
| Kovylkino, Mordovia, Russia<br />
| [[Media:29B6.mp3]]<br />
29B6 recording, first portion wide audio, second narrow, as would be heard on many receivers<br />
| [[File:29B6.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| PLUTO radar (possible offical name, PLUTO II, suggested by online documents)<br />
| 8000 to 38000<br />
| 3 to 40 kHz, depending on specific operating conditions<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMCW transmission, presenting a wide signal equal to the swept (chirped) width, sweep rate creates a pulsed sound affect, easily confused with Russian 29B6 radar<br />
| British Sovereing base of Akrotiri, Island of Cyprus<br />
| [[Media:PLUTO_50Hz.mp3]]<br />
[[Media:PLUTO_25Hz.mp3]]<br />
PLUTO recording link here<br />
| [[File:PLUTO.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==DATA Signals==<br />
<br />
===FSK Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| CIS 36-50, BEE, T-600<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 0.085 to 0.500 kHz (85 to 500 Hz depending on mode)<br />
| 85, 125, 250, or 500, only one shift used at a time<br />
| 2<br />
| Appears as two lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted, at idle presents 36 Bd<br />
| Used primarily by Russian Navy, a mode of the T-600 modem<br />
| [[Media:CIS_36_50.mp3]]<br />
CIS 36-50 recording<br />
| [[File:CIS_36_50.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| CIS 50-50, BEE, T-600<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 0.200 to 0.250 kHz (200 or 250 Hz depending on mode)<br />
| 200 or 250 Hz, only one shift used at a time<br />
| 2<br />
| Appears as two lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted, at idle presents 50 Bd<br />
| Used primarily by Russian Navy, a mode of the T-600 modem<br />
| [[Media:CIS_50_50.mp3]]<br />
CIS 50-50 recording<br />
| [[File:CIS_50_50.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[STANAG]] [[4481 FSK]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 0.85 kHz (850 Hz)<br />
| 850 Hz<br />
| 2<br />
| Appears as two lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted<br />
| Used by NATO forces world wide<br />
| [[Media:S4481_FSK.mp3]]<br />
4481 FSK recording<br />
| [[File:S4481_FSK.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===MFSK Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| MIL STD 181-141A [[ALE]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 1.75 kHz (1750 Hz)<br />
| 250 Hz<br />
| 8<br />
| Appears as eight broken lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted, rhythmic sound<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:ALE_SND.mp3]]<br />
MIL STD 188-141A sounding recording<br />
| [[File:ALE_snd.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| JT-65 [[JT65]]<br />
| All ham bands<br />
| 0.175 kHz (175 Hz)<br />
| ~2.65 Hz<br />
| 65<br />
| Appears as stepped lines on the waterfall, has a musical sound to it, can be confused by new listeners for a polytone numbers station like XPA<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:JT65.mp3]]<br />
JT65 recording<br />
| [[File:JT65.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===PSK Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| [[PSK31]]<br />
| Mostly in the ham radio bands<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:psk31_recording.mp3]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===SELCAL Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Image Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| Slow Scan TV [[SSTV]]<br />
| Mostly in the ham radio bands<br />
| 1100-2300 Hz<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Distinctive burst of VIS code bits at the beginning, then a rhythmic sound as the scan lines of video are sent<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:Robot36C.WAV]]<br />
| [[File:Sstv_waterfall.png|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| Weather Fascimile [[Fax]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 1500-2300 Hz<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Rhythmic sound as the scan lines of video are sent twice a second<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:Fax_signal.mp3]]<br />
| [[File:fax_waterfall.png|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| Hellschreiber [[Hellschreiber]]<br />
| Mostly in the ham radio bands<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Scratchy sound as the pixels of each character are sent<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
==Unidentified Signals==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| HFU UNID001<br />
Sweepers<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range, but primarily noticed above 10000 kHz<br />
| Sub 2 kHz to over 200 kHz<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Various shapes, but typically presents as a sweeping, unstable, signal on a waterfall<br />
| Unknown, a strong theory is these are related to industrial processes, possibly RF Welding<br />
| [[Media:UNID001_Sweepers.mp3]]<br />
Sweeper recording, multple examples<br />
| [[File:UNID001_Sweepers.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| HFU UNID002<br />
Pips<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically very narrow, as CW, but occasionally with light 3 kHz modulation<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Appears as a periodic dit or dash on a waterfall with fixed spacing between Pips, typical lengths are 0.063 to 1.5 sec, spacing has ranged from 3.0 to 27 seconds<br />
| Unknown<br />
| [[Media:UNID002_Pips.mp3]]<br />
Pips recording, multiple examples<br />
| [[File:UNID002_Pips.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
----</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Signal_IdentificationSignal Identification2014-12-28T13:50:24Z<p>Token: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Still under construction, call this a late Beta version, almost ready for prime time'''<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
== Why is this Guide here? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
The goal of this Wiki is to help people ID sounds and signals they might come across on the radio, primarily in the HF (3000 to 30000 kHz) and MW (300 to 3000 kHz) bands. Of course not all possible signals can be identified, and certainly they cannot all be presented here. So the IDs will start with the most common modes and move forward from those. As signals to be IDed are presented and hopefully identified on the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,27.0.html HFUnderground HF Mystery Signals] board they will be added to these lists, assuming they were not already here.<br />
<br />
<br />
With the advent and proliferation of SDRs to the hobby of shortwave listening, and the often associated wideband waterfall / spectrum displays, hobbyist are now more likely to notice short duration, transient, signals. Signals are now visually presented that in the past would not have been noticed at all unless the listener just happened to be tuned to the right random frequency when the short duration signal occurred. This has had the affect of raising the probability of reception of any given signal type, regardless of duration. Further, these waterfalls and spectrum images can be used to help ID specific modes of operation, as different techniques often have very different visual signatures.<br />
<br />
<br />
Today's online receiver nodes (from services like [http://www.globaltuners.com/ Globaltuners], [http://sdrspace.com/ SDR-Radio.com], and [http://websdr.org/ WebSDR.org]) mean that more people than ever potentially have access to monitor the HF spectrum. Often people with no prior exposure to HF radio or shortwave listening first gravitate to these kinds of services, as they take no investment in equipment to start using. They then face a sometimes steep learning curve of "what am I hearing, and what are these things on the radio".<br />
<br />
<br />
In general the use of analogue voice and manual communications modes on the HF and MW bands is on the decline, replaced with digital and data modes. The use of other than communications modes, such as ionospheric sounders and HF radars, seems to be at an all-time high. For the new listener, or for more experienced listeners without the proper tools, identifying some of these modes and signals can be a challenge.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== How to submit a signal for ID? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
Go to the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,27.0.html HFUnderground HF Mystery Signals] board and follow the guidelines presented there for posting. Assuming the signal is IDed there, and it is not already on the list here, it will likely be added to this list.<br />
<br />
<br />
== How to use this Identification Guide? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
If you look at the tables of the guide you will see it is divided into three types of signals, "Non DATA Signals", "DATA Signals", and "Unidentified Signals". Each section can be further broken down into sub categories.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Non DATA Signals:'''<br />
<br />
Non DATA Signals are modes that do not carry what is traditionally thought of as digital data. This will be analogue voice modes, traditional Morse Code transmissions, and signals along those basic lines. Radars and Ionosondes have also been included in this segment, as they are not typically DATA transmissions.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''DATA Signals:'''<br />
<br />
DATA Signals are pretty much everything else. If it goes through a modem or is computer generated before being transmitted to the open air it will probably be included in the DATA Signals section. This includes digital voice modes, including many encrypted modes. The DATA Signals section is loosely broken down into the type of modulation used for the data, FSK, MFSK, PSK, etc.<br />
<br />
<br />
Various image modes, such as HFFAX, SSTV, etc, are included in the DATA Signals, even when they are not digital in nature. Despite many of these types having analogue backgrounds most are generated by computer today.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Unidentified Signals:'''<br />
<br />
Unidentified Signals are signals that have not yet been identified. As they are reported or added they will be assigned an "HFU UNID" sequential 3 digit number. This number means nothing, and is just a way to track information and discussions about that signal on the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,27.0.html HFUnderground HF Mystery Signals] board.<br />
<br />
<br />
These UNID signals may appear in more than one segment of the guide, they will be in the Unidentified Signals segment, but may also be shown under their modulation types. For example, an Unknown signal that is obviously an FSK signal may be in both the Unidentified Signals area, and the FSK area, but in both cases they will carry the same UNID number.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Basic information shown for all Entries==<br />
<br />
=== Mode ===<br />
"Mode" is simply a generally accepted name of the technique. This may not be the only designator used for that specific technique. For example, traditional "AM" can also be described as "Double sideband with full carrier", and "A3E". In such a case these other designations may be included on the Mode Specific page. If a Mode Specific page exist for a mode you can access it by clicking on the name in the Mode column. The Mode Specific page will generally contain more detailed information than can be included in this initial chart.<br />
<br />
=== Frequency Range (kHz) ===<br />
"Frequency Range (kHz)" is the range of frequencies where one might find this specific mode in use. For many modes this can be a very wide range, but other modes might be very limited in range. Remember this guide is MW and HF specific and may not consider usage in other frequency ranges.<br />
<br />
=== Bandwidth (kHz) ===<br />
"Bandwidth (kHz)" is the normally occupied bandwidth of the signal, as might be seen on a waterfall or spectrum display. Unless you include the power point for the measurement (3 dB, 6 dB, 10 dB, 20 dB, etc) this is an approximate value only. Because of this very strong signals can appear wider than very weak signals, even if both signals are actually using the same bandwidth. The goal here is to provide something that might help identification, not to define a technical specification for the mode. <br />
<br />
=== Shift (kHz) ===<br />
"Shift (kHz)" is something that only applies to certain types of DATA or digital transmissions. It will be used to define the spacing for visually definable tones or data channels in a transmission.<br />
<br />
=== Number of Tones ===<br />
"Number of Tones" is applicable to certain types of DATA or digital transmissions. It will be used to indicate the number of visually definable tones or data channels in a transmission. <br />
<br />
=== Key Features ===<br />
"Key Features" will be selected features that can help identify the signal, or at least narrow down the candidate pool. Ideally it will be one or two visually distinctive features that can be seen on a waterfall or spectrum display, but these might also be auditory features.<br />
<br />
=== Sources ===<br />
"Sources" are the most likely source for this transmission mode, if known.<br />
<br />
=== Recording ===<br />
"Recording" will link to an audio recording of the mode. Further recordings, both audio and video, may be present on the Mode Specific page.<br />
<br />
=== Spectrum Image ===<br />
"Spectrum Image" is a 200 pixel wide expandable thumbnail image of the signal, often either the spectrum or a waterfall / histogram of some kind. Typically the full size version of this images is at least 640 x 480.<br />
<br />
=The Signals=<br />
<br />
<br />
==Non DATA Signals==<br />
<br />
===Communications Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| [[AM]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically 2.6 to 10.0 kHz, can be wider or narrower<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Carrier present in center of signal, audio typically mirrored left and right of the carrier<br />
| World wide<br />
| AM recording link here<br />
| [[File:AM_SWBC_7520.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[CW]]<br />
(Morse Code)<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Very narrow, potentially less than 50 Hz<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Line or broken line on the waterfall, no sidebands, may show wider "key clicks" at the start and stop of each dot and dash<br />
| World wide<br />
| CW recording link here<br />
| [[File:CW_ham_7030.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[LSB]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically 2.4 to 3.0 kHz, can be wider or narrower<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| No carrier present in Spectrum, audio typically bunched to towards the right (low audio frequency)<br />
| World wide<br />
| LSB recording link here<br />
| [[File:LSB_ham_7155.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[USB]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically 2.4 to 3.0 kHz, can be wider or narrower<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| No carrier present in Spectrum, audio typically bunched to towards the left (low audio frequency)<br />
| World wide<br />
| USB recording link here<br />
| [[File:USB_ham_14185.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
===Non Communications Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| 16 x 64 Sounder (nickname, official name or designation not known)<br />
| Below 4000 to above 30000 observed<br />
| 2.5 kHz<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMCW transmission, changes sweep rates in 16 steps, resulting in 16 different sounds per transmission, a pilot tone may precede each rate change but is not always present<br />
| Unknown<br />
| [[Media:16x64_sounder.mp3]]<br />
16 x 64 sounder recording<br />
| [[File:16x64_sounder.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| 29B6 radar "Kontainer"<br />
| 6000 to at least 32000<br />
| 4 to 28 kHz observed, unknown limits, width depending on specific operating conditions<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMOP transmission, presenting a wide signal equal to the swept (chirped) width, sweep rate creates a pulsed sound affect, easily confused with British PLUTO radar<br />
| Kovylkino, Mordovia, Russia<br />
| [[Media:29B6.mp3]]<br />
29B6 recording, first portion wide audio, second narrow, as would be heard on many receivers<br />
| [[File:29B6.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| PLUTO radar (possible offical name, PLUTO II, suggested by online documents)<br />
| 8000 to 38000<br />
| 3 to 40 kHz, depending on specific operating conditions<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMCW transmission, presenting a wide signal equal to the swept (chirped) width, sweep rate creates a pulsed sound affect, easily confused with Russian 29B6 radar<br />
| British Sovereing base of Akrotiri, Island of Cyprus<br />
| [[Media:PLUTO_50Hz.mp3]]<br />
[[Media:PLUTO_25Hz.mp3]]<br />
PLUTO recording link here<br />
| [[File:PLUTO.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==DATA Signals==<br />
<br />
===FSK Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| CIS 36-50, BEE, T-600<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 0.085 to 0.500 kHz (85 to 500 Hz depending on mode)<br />
| 85, 125, 250, or 500, only one shift used at a time<br />
| 2<br />
| Appears as two lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted, at idle presents 36 Bd<br />
| Used primarily by Russian Navy, a mode of the T-600 modem<br />
| [[Media:CIS_36_50.mp3]]<br />
CIS 36-50 recording<br />
| [[File:CIS_36_50.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| CIS 50-50, BEE, T-600<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 0.200 to 0.250 kHz (200 or 250 Hz depending on mode)<br />
| 200 or 250 Hz, only one shift used at a time<br />
| 2<br />
| Appears as two lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted, at idle presents 50 Bd<br />
| Used primarily by Russian Navy, a mode of the T-600 modem<br />
| [[Media:CIS_50_50.mp3]]<br />
CIS 50-50 recording<br />
| [[File:CIS_50_50.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[STANAG]] [[4481 FSK]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 0.85 kHz (850 Hz)<br />
| 850 Hz<br />
| 2<br />
| Appears as two lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted<br />
| Used by NATO forces world wide<br />
| [[Media:S4481_FSK.mp3]]<br />
4481 FSK recording<br />
| [[File:S4481_FSK.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===MFSK Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| MIL STD 181-141A [[ALE]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 1.75 kHz (1750 Hz)<br />
| 250 Hz<br />
| 8<br />
| Appears as eight broken lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted, rhythmic sound<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:ALE_SND.mp3]]<br />
MIL STD 188-141A sounding recording<br />
| [[File:ALE_snd.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===PSK Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| [[PSK31]]<br />
| Mostly in the ham radio bands<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:psk31_recording.mp3]]<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===SELCAL Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Image Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| Slow Scan TV [[SSTV]]<br />
| Mostly in the ham radio bands<br />
| 1100-2300 Hz<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Distinctive burst of VIS code bits at the beginning, then a rhythmic sound as the scan lines of video are sent<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:Robot36C.WAV]]<br />
| [[File:Sstv_waterfall.png|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| Weather Fascimile [[Fax]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 1500-2300 Hz<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Rhythmic sound as the scan lines of video are sent twice a second<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:Fax_signal.mp3]]<br />
| [[File:fax_waterfall.png|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| Hellschreiber [[Hellschreiber]]<br />
| Mostly in the ham radio bands<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| Scratchy sound as the pixels of each character are sent<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
==Unidentified Signals==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| HFU UNID001<br />
Sweepers<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range, but primarily noticed above 10000 kHz<br />
| Sub 2 kHz to over 200 kHz<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Various shapes, but typically presents as a sweeping, unstable, signal on a waterfall<br />
| Unknown, a strong theory is these are related to industrial processes, possibly RF Welding<br />
| [[Media:UNID001_Sweepers.mp3]]<br />
Sweeper recording, multple examples<br />
| [[File:UNID001_Sweepers.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| HFU UNID002<br />
Pips<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically very narrow, as CW, but occasionally with light 3 kHz modulation<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Appears as a periodic dit or dash on a waterfall with fixed spacing between Pips, typical lengths are 0.063 to 1.5 sec, spacing has ranged from 3.0 to 27 seconds<br />
| Unknown<br />
| [[Media:UNID002_Pips.mp3]]<br />
Pips recording, multiple examples<br />
| [[File:UNID002_Pips.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
----</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/4481_FSK4481 FSK2014-12-27T15:56:32Z<p>Token: Initial STANAG 4481 FSK page entry</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
'''STANAG 4481 FSK''' defines the technical standards for some NATO Naval HF shore-to-ship FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) transmissions.<br />
<br />
This signal is most often seen with an FSK shift of 850 Hz and a 75 bps data rate. However single channel data rates of up to 600 bps are possible, and multichannel rates of up to 1200 bps are possible. Data rate changes are seen in 75 Hz increments.<br />
<br />
The specification does identify KG-84 as the encryption method, and the signal is most frequently seen with KG-84 frames. However the data can be sent unencrypted ("in the clear").</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Signal_IdentificationSignal Identification2014-12-27T15:32:03Z<p>Token: /* Non Communications Modes */ PLUTO entry mod</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Still under initial construction, call this an early Beta version'''<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
== Why is this Guide here? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
The goal of this Wiki is to help people ID sounds and signals they might come across on the radio, primarily in the HF (3000 to 30000 kHz) and MW (300 to 3000 kHz) bands. Of course not all possible signals can be identified, and certainly they cannot all be presented here. So the IDs will start with the most common modes and move forward from those. As signals to be IDed are presented and hopefully identified on the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,27.0.html HFUnderground HF Mystery Signals] board they will be added to these lists, assuming they were not already here.<br />
<br />
<br />
With the advent and proliferation of SDRs to the hobby of shortwave listening, and the often associated wideband waterfall / spectrum displays, hobbyist are now more likely to notice short duration, transient, signals. Signals are now visually presented that in the past would not have been noticed at all unless the listener just happened to be tuned to the right random frequency when the short duration signal occurred. This has had the affect of raising the probability of reception of any given signal type, regardless of duration. Further, these waterfalls and spectrum images can be used to help ID specific modes of operation, as different techniques often have very different visual signatures.<br />
<br />
<br />
Today's online receiver nodes (from services like [http://www.globaltuners.com/ Globaltuners], [http://sdrspace.com/ SDR-Radio.com], and [http://websdr.org/ WebSDR.org]) mean that more people than ever potentially have access to monitor the HF spectrum. Often people with no prior exposure to HF radio or shortwave listening first gravitate to these kinds of services, as they take no investment in equipment to start using. They then face a sometimes steep learning curve of "what am I hearing, and what are these things on the radio".<br />
<br />
<br />
In general the use of analogue voice and manual communications modes on the HF and MW bands is on the decline, replaced with digital and data modes. The use of other than communications modes, such as ionospheric sounders and HF radars, seems to be at an all-time high. For the new listener, or for more experienced listeners without the proper tools, identifying some of these modes and signals can be a challenge.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== How to submit a signal for ID? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
Go to the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,27.0.html HFUnderground HF Mystery Signals] board and follow the guidelines presented there for posting. Assuming the signal is IDed there, and it is not already on the list here, it will likely be added to this list.<br />
<br />
<br />
== How to use this Identification Guide? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
If you look at the tables of the guide you will see it is divided into three types of signals, "Non DATA Signals", "DATA Signals", and "Unidentified Signals". Each section can be further broken down into sub categories.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Non DATA Signals:'''<br />
<br />
Non DATA Signals are modes that do not carry what is traditionally thought of as digital data. This will be analogue voice modes, traditional Morse Code transmissions, and signals along those basic lines. Radars and Ionosondes have also been included in this segment, as they are not typically DATA transmissions.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''DATA Signals:'''<br />
<br />
DATA Signals are pretty much everything else. If it goes through a modem or is computer generated before being transmitted to the open air it will probably be included in the DATA Signals section. This includes digital voice modes, including many encrypted modes. The DATA Signals section is loosely broken down into the type of modulation used for the data, FSK, MFSK, PSK, etc.<br />
<br />
<br />
Various image modes, such as HFFAX, SSTV, etc, are included in the DATA Signals, even when they are not digital in nature. Despite many of these types having analogue backgrounds most are generated by computer today.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Unidentified Signals:'''<br />
<br />
Unidentified Signals are signals that have not yet been identified. As they are reported or added they will be assigned an "HFU UNID" sequential 3 digit number. This number means nothing, and is just a way to track information and discussions about that signal on the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,27.0.html HFUnderground HF Mystery Signals] board.<br />
<br />
<br />
These UNID signals may appear in more than one segment of the guide, they will be in the Unidentified Signals segment, but may also be shown under their modulation types. For example, an Unknown signal that is obviously an FSK signal may be in both the Unidentified Signals area, and the FSK area, but in both cases they will carry the same UNID number.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Basic information shown for all Entries==<br />
<br />
=== Mode ===<br />
"Mode" is simply a generally accepted name of the technique. This may not be the only designator used for that specific technique. For example, traditional "AM" can also be described as "Double sideband with full carrier", and "A3E". In such a case these other designations may be included on the Mode Specific page. If a Mode Specific page exist for a mode you can access it by clicking on the name in the Mode column. The Mode Specific page will generally contain more detailed information than can be included in this initial chart.<br />
<br />
=== Frequency Range (kHz) ===<br />
"Frequency Range (kHz)" is the range of frequencies where one might find this specific mode in use. For many modes this can be a very wide range, but other modes might be very limited in range. Remember this guide is MW and HF specific and may not consider usage in other frequency ranges.<br />
<br />
=== Bandwidth (kHz) ===<br />
"Bandwidth (kHz)" is the normally occupied bandwidth of the signal, as might be seen on a waterfall or spectrum display. Unless you include the power point for the measurement (3 dB, 6 dB, 10 dB, 20 dB, etc) this is an approximate value only. Because of this very strong signals can appear wider than very weak signals, even if both signals are actually using the same bandwidth. The goal here is to provide something that might help identification, not to define a technical specification for the mode. <br />
<br />
=== Shift (kHz) ===<br />
"Shift (kHz)" is something that only applies to certain types of DATA or digital transmissions. It will be used to define the spacing for visually definable tones or data channels in a transmission.<br />
<br />
=== Number of Tones ===<br />
"Number of Tones" is applicable to certain types of DATA or digital transmissions. It will be used to indicate the number of visually definable tones or data channels in a transmission. <br />
<br />
=== Key Features ===<br />
"Key Features" will be selected features that can help identify the signal, or at least narrow down the candidate pool. Ideally it will be one or two visually distinctive features that can be seen on a waterfall or spectrum display, but these might also be auditory features.<br />
<br />
=== Sources ===<br />
"Sources" are the most likely source for this transmission mode, if known.<br />
<br />
=== Recording ===<br />
"Recording" will link to an audio recording of the mode. Further recordings, both audio and video, may be present on the Mode Specific page.<br />
<br />
=== Spectrum Image ===<br />
"Spectrum Image" is a 200 pixel wide expandable thumbnail image of the signal, often either the spectrum or a waterfall / histogram of some kind. Typically the full size version of this images is at least 640 x 480.<br />
<br />
=The Signals=<br />
<br />
<br />
==Non DATA Signals==<br />
<br />
===Communications Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| [[AM]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically 2.6 to 10.0 kHz, can be wider or narrower<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Carrier present in center of signal, audio typically mirrored left and right of the carrier<br />
| World wide<br />
| AM recording link here<br />
| [[File:AM_SWBC_7520.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[CW]]<br />
(Morse Code)<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Very narrow, potentially less than 50 Hz<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Line or broken line on the waterfall, no sidebands, may show wider "key clicks" at the start and stop of each dot and dash<br />
| World wide<br />
| CW recording link here<br />
| [[File:CW_ham_7030.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[LSB]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically 2.4 to 3.0 kHz, can be wider or narrower<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| No carrier present in Spectrum, audio typically bunched to towards the right (low audio frequency)<br />
| World wide<br />
| LSB recording link here<br />
| [[File:LSB_ham_7155.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[USB]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically 2.4 to 3.0 kHz, can be wider or narrower<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| No carrier present in Spectrum, audio typically bunched to towards the left (low audio frequency)<br />
| World wide<br />
| USB recording link here<br />
| [[File:USB_ham_14185.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
===Non Communications Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| 16 x 64 Sounder (nickname, official name or designation not known)<br />
| Below 4000 to above 30000 observed<br />
| 2.5 kHz<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMCW transmission, changes sweep rates in 16 steps, resulting in 16 different sounds per transmission, a pilot tone may precede each rate change but is not always present<br />
| Unknown<br />
| [[Media:16x64_sounder.mp3]]<br />
16 x 64 sounder recording<br />
| [[File:16x64_sounder.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| 29B6 radar "Kontainer"<br />
| 6000 to at least 32000<br />
| 4 to 28 kHz observed, unknown limits, width depending on specific operating conditions<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMOP transmission, presenting a wide signal equal to the swept (chirped) width, sweep rate creates a pulsed sound affect, easily confused with British PLUTO radar<br />
| Kovylkino, Mordovia, Russia<br />
| [[Media:29B6.mp3]]<br />
29B6 recording, first portion wide audio, second narrow, as would be heard on many receivers<br />
| [[File:29B6.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| PLUTO radar (possible offical name, PLUTO II, suggested by online documents)<br />
| 8000 to 38000<br />
| 3 to 40 kHz, depending on specific operating conditions<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMCW transmission, presenting a wide signal equal to the swept (chirped) width, sweep rate creates a pulsed sound affect, easily confused with Russian 29B6 radar<br />
| British Sovereing base of Akrotiri, Island of Cyprus<br />
| [[Media:PLUTO_50Hz.mp3]]<br />
[[Media:PLUTO_25Hz.mp3]]<br />
PLUTO recording link here<br />
| [[File:PLUTO.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==DATA Signals==<br />
<br />
===FSK Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| CIS 36-50, BEE, T-600<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 0.085 to 0.500 kHz (85 to 500 Hz depending on mode)<br />
| 85, 125, 250, or 500, only one shift used at a time<br />
| 2<br />
| Appears as two lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted, at idle presents 36 Bd<br />
| Used primarily by Russian Navy, a mode of the T-600 modem<br />
| [[Media:CIS_36_50.mp3]]<br />
CIS 36-50 recording<br />
| [[File:CIS_36_50.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| CIS 50-50, BEE, T-600<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 0.200 to 0.250 kHz (200 or 250 Hz depending on mode)<br />
| 200 or 250 Hz, only one shift used at a time<br />
| 2<br />
| Appears as two lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted, at idle presents 50 Bd<br />
| Used primarily by Russian Navy, a mode of the T-600 modem<br />
| [[Media:CIS_50_50.mp3]]<br />
CIS 50-50 recording<br />
| [[File:CIS_50_50.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[STANAG]] [[4481 FSK]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 0.85 kHz (850 Hz)<br />
| 850 Hz<br />
| 2<br />
| Appears as two lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted<br />
| Used by NATO forces world wide<br />
| [[Media:S4481_FSK.mp3]]<br />
4481 FSK recording<br />
| [[File:S4481_FSK.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===MFSK Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| MIL STD 181-141A [[ALE]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 1.75 kHz (1750 Hz)<br />
| 250 Hz<br />
| 8<br />
| Appears as eight broken lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted, rhythmic sound<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:ALE_SND.mp3]]<br />
MIL STD 188-141A sounding recording<br />
| [[File:ALE_snd.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===PSK Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===SELCAL Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Image Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
==Unidentified Signals==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| HFU UNID001<br />
Sweepers<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range, but primarily noticed above 10000 kHz<br />
| Sub 2 kHz to over 200 kHz<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Various shapes, but typically presents as a sweeping, unstable, signal on a waterfall<br />
| Unknown, a strong theory is these are related to industrial processes, possibly RF Welding<br />
| [[Media:UNID001_Sweepers.mp3]]<br />
Sweeper recording, multple examples<br />
| [[File:UNID001_Sweepers.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| HFU UNID002<br />
Pips<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically very narrow, as CW, but occasionally with light 3 kHz modulation<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Appears as a periodic dit or dash on a waterfall with fixed spacing between Pips, typical lengths are 0.063 to 1.5 sec, spacing has ranged from 3.0 to 27 seconds<br />
| Unknown<br />
| [[Media:UNID002_Pips.mp3]]<br />
Pips recording, multiple examples<br />
| [[File:UNID002_Pips.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
----</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Signal_IdentificationSignal Identification2014-12-27T15:23:27Z<p>Token: /* FSK Modes */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Still under initial construction, call this an early Beta version'''<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
== Why is this Guide here? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
The goal of this Wiki is to help people ID sounds and signals they might come across on the radio, primarily in the HF (3000 to 30000 kHz) and MW (300 to 3000 kHz) bands. Of course not all possible signals can be identified, and certainly they cannot all be presented here. So the IDs will start with the most common modes and move forward from those. As signals to be IDed are presented and hopefully identified on the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,27.0.html HFUnderground HF Mystery Signals] board they will be added to these lists, assuming they were not already here.<br />
<br />
<br />
With the advent and proliferation of SDRs to the hobby of shortwave listening, and the often associated wideband waterfall / spectrum displays, hobbyist are now more likely to notice short duration, transient, signals. Signals are now visually presented that in the past would not have been noticed at all unless the listener just happened to be tuned to the right random frequency when the short duration signal occurred. This has had the affect of raising the probability of reception of any given signal type, regardless of duration. Further, these waterfalls and spectrum images can be used to help ID specific modes of operation, as different techniques often have very different visual signatures.<br />
<br />
<br />
Today's online receiver nodes (from services like [http://www.globaltuners.com/ Globaltuners], [http://sdrspace.com/ SDR-Radio.com], and [http://websdr.org/ WebSDR.org]) mean that more people than ever potentially have access to monitor the HF spectrum. Often people with no prior exposure to HF radio or shortwave listening first gravitate to these kinds of services, as they take no investment in equipment to start using. They then face a sometimes steep learning curve of "what am I hearing, and what are these things on the radio".<br />
<br />
<br />
In general the use of analogue voice and manual communications modes on the HF and MW bands is on the decline, replaced with digital and data modes. The use of other than communications modes, such as ionospheric sounders and HF radars, seems to be at an all-time high. For the new listener, or for more experienced listeners without the proper tools, identifying some of these modes and signals can be a challenge.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== How to submit a signal for ID? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
Go to the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,27.0.html HFUnderground HF Mystery Signals] board and follow the guidelines presented there for posting. Assuming the signal is IDed there, and it is not already on the list here, it will likely be added to this list.<br />
<br />
<br />
== How to use this Identification Guide? ==<br />
<br />
<br />
If you look at the tables of the guide you will see it is divided into three types of signals, "Non DATA Signals", "DATA Signals", and "Unidentified Signals". Each section can be further broken down into sub categories.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Non DATA Signals:'''<br />
<br />
Non DATA Signals are modes that do not carry what is traditionally thought of as digital data. This will be analogue voice modes, traditional Morse Code transmissions, and signals along those basic lines. Radars and Ionosondes have also been included in this segment, as they are not typically DATA transmissions.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''DATA Signals:'''<br />
<br />
DATA Signals are pretty much everything else. If it goes through a modem or is computer generated before being transmitted to the open air it will probably be included in the DATA Signals section. This includes digital voice modes, including many encrypted modes. The DATA Signals section is loosely broken down into the type of modulation used for the data, FSK, MFSK, PSK, etc.<br />
<br />
<br />
Various image modes, such as HFFAX, SSTV, etc, are included in the DATA Signals, even when they are not digital in nature. Despite many of these types having analogue backgrounds most are generated by computer today.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Unidentified Signals:'''<br />
<br />
Unidentified Signals are signals that have not yet been identified. As they are reported or added they will be assigned an "HFU UNID" sequential 3 digit number. This number means nothing, and is just a way to track information and discussions about that signal on the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/index.php/board,27.0.html HFUnderground HF Mystery Signals] board.<br />
<br />
<br />
These UNID signals may appear in more than one segment of the guide, they will be in the Unidentified Signals segment, but may also be shown under their modulation types. For example, an Unknown signal that is obviously an FSK signal may be in both the Unidentified Signals area, and the FSK area, but in both cases they will carry the same UNID number.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Basic information shown for all Entries==<br />
<br />
=== Mode ===<br />
"Mode" is simply a generally accepted name of the technique. This may not be the only designator used for that specific technique. For example, traditional "AM" can also be described as "Double sideband with full carrier", and "A3E". In such a case these other designations may be included on the Mode Specific page. If a Mode Specific page exist for a mode you can access it by clicking on the name in the Mode column. The Mode Specific page will generally contain more detailed information than can be included in this initial chart.<br />
<br />
=== Frequency Range (kHz) ===<br />
"Frequency Range (kHz)" is the range of frequencies where one might find this specific mode in use. For many modes this can be a very wide range, but other modes might be very limited in range. Remember this guide is MW and HF specific and may not consider usage in other frequency ranges.<br />
<br />
=== Bandwidth (kHz) ===<br />
"Bandwidth (kHz)" is the normally occupied bandwidth of the signal, as might be seen on a waterfall or spectrum display. Unless you include the power point for the measurement (3 dB, 6 dB, 10 dB, 20 dB, etc) this is an approximate value only. Because of this very strong signals can appear wider than very weak signals, even if both signals are actually using the same bandwidth. The goal here is to provide something that might help identification, not to define a technical specification for the mode. <br />
<br />
=== Shift (kHz) ===<br />
"Shift (kHz)" is something that only applies to certain types of DATA or digital transmissions. It will be used to define the spacing for visually definable tones or data channels in a transmission.<br />
<br />
=== Number of Tones ===<br />
"Number of Tones" is applicable to certain types of DATA or digital transmissions. It will be used to indicate the number of visually definable tones or data channels in a transmission. <br />
<br />
=== Key Features ===<br />
"Key Features" will be selected features that can help identify the signal, or at least narrow down the candidate pool. Ideally it will be one or two visually distinctive features that can be seen on a waterfall or spectrum display, but these might also be auditory features.<br />
<br />
=== Sources ===<br />
"Sources" are the most likely source for this transmission mode, if known.<br />
<br />
=== Recording ===<br />
"Recording" will link to an audio recording of the mode. Further recordings, both audio and video, may be present on the Mode Specific page.<br />
<br />
=== Spectrum Image ===<br />
"Spectrum Image" is a 200 pixel wide expandable thumbnail image of the signal, often either the spectrum or a waterfall / histogram of some kind. Typically the full size version of this images is at least 640 x 480.<br />
<br />
=The Signals=<br />
<br />
<br />
==Non DATA Signals==<br />
<br />
===Communications Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| [[AM]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically 2.6 to 10.0 kHz, can be wider or narrower<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Carrier present in center of signal, audio typically mirrored left and right of the carrier<br />
| World wide<br />
| AM recording link here<br />
| [[File:AM_SWBC_7520.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[CW]]<br />
(Morse Code)<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Very narrow, potentially less than 50 Hz<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Line or broken line on the waterfall, no sidebands, may show wider "key clicks" at the start and stop of each dot and dash<br />
| World wide<br />
| CW recording link here<br />
| [[File:CW_ham_7030.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[LSB]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically 2.4 to 3.0 kHz, can be wider or narrower<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| No carrier present in Spectrum, audio typically bunched to towards the right (low audio frequency)<br />
| World wide<br />
| LSB recording link here<br />
| [[File:LSB_ham_7155.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[USB]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically 2.4 to 3.0 kHz, can be wider or narrower<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| No carrier present in Spectrum, audio typically bunched to towards the left (low audio frequency)<br />
| World wide<br />
| USB recording link here<br />
| [[File:USB_ham_14185.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
===Non Communications Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| 16 x 64 Sounder (nickname, official name or designation not known)<br />
| Below 4000 to above 30000 observed<br />
| 2.5 kHz<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMCW transmission, changes sweep rates in 16 steps, resulting in 16 different sounds per transmission, a pilot tone may precede each rate change but is not always present<br />
| Unknown<br />
| [[Media:16x64_sounder.mp3]]<br />
16 x 64 sounder recording<br />
| [[File:16x64_sounder.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| 29B6 radar "Kontainer"<br />
| 6000 to at least 32000<br />
| 4 to 28 kHz observed, unknown limits, width depending on specific operating conditions<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMOP transmission, presenting a wide signal equal to the swept (chirped) width, sweep rate creates a pulsed sound affect, easily confused with British PLUTO radar<br />
| Kovylkino, Mordovia, Russia<br />
| [[Media:29B6.mp3]]<br />
29B6 recording, first portion wide audio, second narrow, as would be heard on many receivers<br />
| [[File:29B6.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| PLUTO radar (possible offical name, PLUTO II, suggested by online documents)<br />
| 8000 to 38000<br />
| 3 to 40 kHz, depending on specific operating conditions<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| FMCW transmission, presenting a wide signal equal to the swept (chirped) width, sweep rate creates a pulsed sound affect<br />
| British Sovereing base of Akrotiri, Island of Cyprus<br />
| [[Media:PLUTO_50Hz.mp3]]<br />
[[Media:PLUTO_25Hz.mp3]]<br />
PLUTO recording link here<br />
| [[File:PLUTO.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==DATA Signals==<br />
<br />
===FSK Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| CIS 36-50, BEE, T-600<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 0.085 to 0.500 kHz (85 to 500 Hz depending on mode)<br />
| 85, 125, 250, or 500, only one shift used at a time<br />
| 2<br />
| Appears as two lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted, at idle presents 36 Bd<br />
| Used primarily by Russian Navy, a mode of the T-600 modem<br />
| [[Media:CIS_36_50.mp3]]<br />
CIS 36-50 recording<br />
| [[File:CIS_36_50.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| CIS 50-50, BEE, T-600<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 0.200 to 0.250 kHz (200 or 250 Hz depending on mode)<br />
| 200 or 250 Hz, only one shift used at a time<br />
| 2<br />
| Appears as two lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted, at idle presents 50 Bd<br />
| Used primarily by Russian Navy, a mode of the T-600 modem<br />
| [[Media:CIS_50_50.mp3]]<br />
CIS 50-50 recording<br />
| [[File:CIS_50_50.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| [[STANAG]] [[4481 FSK]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 0.85 kHz (850 Hz)<br />
| 850 Hz<br />
| 2<br />
| Appears as two lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted<br />
| Used by NATO forces world wide<br />
| [[Media:S4481_FSK.mp3]]<br />
4481 FSK recording<br />
| [[File:S4481_FSK.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===MFSK Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| MIL STD 181-141A [[ALE]]<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| 1.75 kHz (1750 Hz)<br />
| 250 Hz<br />
| 8<br />
| Appears as eight broken lines on waterfall, seperated by the shift, normally encrypted, rhythmic sound<br />
| Used world wide<br />
| [[Media:ALE_SND.mp3]]<br />
MIL STD 188-141A sounding recording<br />
| [[File:ALE_snd.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===PSK Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===SELCAL Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Image Modes===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
==Unidentified Signals==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="center" align="center"<br />
! Mode<br />
! Frequency Range (kHz)<br />
! Bandwidth (kHz)<br />
! Shift (Hz)<br />
! Number of Tones<br />
! Key Features<br />
! Sources<br />
! Recording<br />
! Spectrum Image<br />
|-<br />
| HFU UNID001<br />
Sweepers<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range, but primarily noticed above 10000 kHz<br />
| Sub 2 kHz to over 200 kHz<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Various shapes, but typically presents as a sweeping, unstable, signal on a waterfall<br />
| Unknown, a strong theory is these are related to industrial processes, possibly RF Welding<br />
| [[Media:UNID001_Sweepers.mp3]]<br />
Sweeper recording, multple examples<br />
| [[File:UNID001_Sweepers.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
| HFU UNID002<br />
Pips<br />
| All Frequencies in the HF Range<br />
| Typically very narrow, as CW, but occasionally with light 3 kHz modulation<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Not Applicable<br />
| Appears as a periodic dit or dash on a waterfall with fixed spacing between Pips, typical lengths are 0.063 to 1.5 sec, spacing has ranged from 3.0 to 27 seconds<br />
| Unknown<br />
| [[Media:UNID002_Pips.mp3]]<br />
Pips recording, multiple examples<br />
| [[File:UNID002_Pips.jpg|200px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
----</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/STANAGSTANAG2014-12-27T15:14:01Z<p>Token: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''STANAG''' refers to STANdards AGreement, a NATO document or specification that defines conditions, terms, procedure, processes, equipment, etc used by members of NATO.<br />
<br />
<br />
STANAGs cover everything from how to package beans to how to deliver weapons, from rifle magazine dimensions to how to con a submarine. Of the over 1000 STANAGs that are current today, a few define communications protocols, digital, voice, and image.<br />
<br />
<br />
There is a tendency among some listeners to call a signal "STANAG" without the specific designation after it. This can lead to problems, as every STANAG, by definition, is different from the others. In fact sometimes a single transmission can use techniques from multiple STANAGs.<br />
<br />
<br />
Some transmissions are known by both a STANAG number and other designators. For example MIL STD 188-110B Appendix C is identical to, and can be called, STANAG 4539. Or LINK 11 CLEW is defined in STANAG 5511.<br />
<br />
<br />
A few of the STANAGs that might apply to HF operations are:<br />
<br />
4197<br />
<br />
4198<br />
<br />
4202<br />
<br />
4285<br />
<br />
4406<br />
<br />
4415<br />
<br />
4444<br />
<br />
4479<br />
<br />
4481 (both FSK and PSK)<br />
<br />
4529<br />
<br />
4538<br />
<br />
4539<br />
<br />
4591<br />
<br />
5031<br />
<br />
5035<br />
<br />
5065<br />
<br />
5066<br />
<br />
5501<br />
<br />
5510<br />
<br />
5511<br />
<br />
5514<br />
<br />
5522<br />
<br />
NOTE: All of these are not individual modes, some may only define what is happening within a more common mode of operation.</div>Tokenhttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/STANAGSTANAG2014-12-27T15:09:55Z<p>Token: Initial STANAG page entry, could certainly stand to be fleshed out a bit</p>
<hr />
<div>'''STANAG''' refers to STANdards AGreement, a NATO document or specification that defines conditions, terms, procedure, processes, equipment, etc used by members of NATO.<br />
<br />
STANAGs cover everything from how to package beans to how to deliver weapons, from rifle magazine dimensions to how to con a submarine. Of the over 1000 STANAGs that are current today, a few define communications protocols, digital, voice, and image.<br />
<br />
There is a tendency among some listeners to call a signal "STANAG" without the specific designation after it. This can lead to problems, as every STANAG, by definition, is different from the others. In fact sometimes a single transmission can use techniques from multiple STANAGs.<br />
<br />
Some transmissions are known by both a STANAG number and other designators. For example MIL STD 188-110B Appendix C is identical to, and can be called, STANAG 4539. Or LINK 11 CLEW is defined in STANAG 5511.<br />
<br />
A few of the STANAGs that might apply to HF operations are:<br />
<br />
4197<br />
4198<br />
4202<br />
4285<br />
4406<br />
4415<br />
4444<br />
4479<br />
4481 (both FSK and PSK)<br />
4529<br />
4538<br />
4539<br />
4591<br />
5031<br />
5035<br />
5065<br />
5066<br />
5501<br />
5510<br />
5511<br />
5514<br />
5522<br />
<br />
NOTE: All of these are not individual modes, some may only define what is happening within a more common mode of operation.</div>Token