https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=Radio_beacon&feed=atom&action=historyRadio beacon - Revision history2024-03-29T02:08:32ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.16.5https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=Radio_beacon&diff=15286&oldid=prevR4002: /* Driftnet buoy radio beacons */2023-06-28T14:25:52Z<p><span class="autocomment">Driftnet buoy radio beacons</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Driftnet (or fishnet) radio buoys are extensively used by fishing boats operating in open seas and oceans.<sup>(4)</sup> They are useful for collecting long fishing lines or fishing nets, with the assistance of a [[radio direction finder]]. According to product information released by manufacturer [http://www.radiobuoy.com/index.html Kato Electronics Co, Ltd.], these buoys transmit on 1600–2850&nbsp;kHz with a power of 4-15 W.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Driftnet (or fishnet) radio buoys are extensively used by fishing boats operating in open seas and oceans.<sup>(4)</sup> They are useful for collecting long fishing lines or fishing nets, with the assistance of a [[radio direction finder]]. According to product information released by manufacturer [http://www.radiobuoy.com/index.html Kato Electronics Co, Ltd.], these buoys transmit on 1600–2850&nbsp;kHz with a power of 4-15 W.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Some types of driftnet buoys, called "SelCall buoys", answer only when they are called by their own ships. Using this technique the buoy prevents nets and fishing gears from being carried away by other ships, while the battery power consumption remains low.<sup>(5)</sup></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Some types of driftnet buoys, called "SelCall buoys", answer only when they are called by their own ships. Using this technique the buoy prevents nets and fishing gears from being carried away by other ships, while the battery power consumption remains low. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Others transmit GPS location and/or other data and therefore act as [[Telemetry|telemetry]] transmitters and beacons. </ins><sup>(5)</sup></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Distress radiobeacons==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Distress radiobeacons==</div></td></tr>
</table>R4002https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=Radio_beacon&diff=15285&oldid=prevR4002: /* Radio navigation beacons */2023-06-28T14:24:54Z<p><span class="autocomment">Radio navigation beacons</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>A very simple aviation radio navigational aid is the '''NDB''' or '''Non-directional Beacon'''. An NDB is simply a low frequency or medium frequency transmitter, which is used to locate airways intersections, airports or to conduct instrument approaches, with the use of a radio direction finder located on the aircraft. The aviation NDBs, especially the ones marking airways intersections, are gradually decommissioned, as they are replaced with other navigational aids based on newer technologies. Due to relatively low purchase, maintenance and calibration cost, they are still used to mark locations of smaller aerodromes and important helicopter landing sites.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>A very simple aviation radio navigational aid is the '''NDB''' or '''Non-directional Beacon'''. An NDB is simply a low frequency or medium frequency transmitter, which is used to locate airways intersections, airports or to conduct instrument approaches, with the use of a radio direction finder located on the aircraft. The aviation NDBs, especially the ones marking airways intersections, are gradually decommissioned, as they are replaced with other navigational aids based on newer technologies. Due to relatively low purchase, maintenance and calibration cost, they are still used to mark locations of smaller aerodromes and important helicopter landing sites.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>There are also marine beacons, based on the same techonlogy and installed at coastal areas, for use by ships at sea.<sup>(1)</sup> Most of them, especially in the western world, are no longer in service, while some have been converted to [[telemetry]] transmitters for [[differential GPS]]. Chains of radio navigation [[Letter beacon]] for marine use are still active around the Russian and Ukrainian coastline.<sup>(2)</sup> <sup>(10)</sup></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>There are also marine beacons, based on the same techonlogy and installed at coastal areas, for use by ships at sea.<sup>(1)</sup> Most of them, especially in the western world, are no longer in service, while some have been converted to [[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Telemetry|</ins>telemetry]] transmitters for [[differential GPS]]. Chains of radio navigation [[Letter beacon]] for marine use are still active around the Russian and Ukrainian coastline.<sup>(2)</sup> <sup>(10)</sup></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>===NDB technical===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>===NDB technical===</div></td></tr>
</table>R4002https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=Radio_beacon&diff=15284&oldid=prevR4002 at 14:24, 28 June 20232023-06-28T14:24:19Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Image:DK0WCY-station.jpg|thumb|right|DARC beacons DRA5 and DK0WCY]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Image:DK0WCY-station.jpg|thumb|right|DARC beacons DRA5 and DK0WCY]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>A '''radio beacon''' (Радиомаяк) is a transmitter at a known location, which transmits a continuous or periodic radio signal with limited information content (for example its identification or location), on a specified radio frequency. Occasionally the beacon function is combined with some other one-way transmission, like [[telemetry]] data or meteorological information.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>A '''radio beacon''' (Радиомаяк) is a transmitter at a known location, which transmits a continuous or periodic radio signal with limited information content (for example its identification or location), on a specified radio frequency. Occasionally the beacon function is combined with some other one-way transmission, like [[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Telemetry|</ins>telemetry]] data or meteorological information.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Radio beacons have many applications, including air and sea navigation, propagation research, robotic mapping and radio frequency identification (RFID).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Radio beacons have many applications, including air and sea navigation, propagation research, robotic mapping and radio frequency identification (RFID).</div></td></tr>
</table>R4002https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=Radio_beacon&diff=15265&oldid=prevR4002: /* AIS beacons */2023-06-27T18:14:11Z<p><span class="autocomment">AIS beacons</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==AIS beacons==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==AIS beacons==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>These beacons are VHF marine transmitters which send AIS (Automatic Identification System) packets. The packets contain spatial information spotting navigational hazards (reefs, skerries, shipwrecks etc) and navigational aids (buoys, ligts, racons). Thus AIS equipped ships can see the locations of navigation hazards on the AIS display.<sup>(12)</sup> Often the AIS beacon is not located at the indicated mavigation hazard spot but it is located at a convenient location on shore. An AIS beacon can send packets for more than one navigational hazards within its coverage area. This system is often called ''Synthetic AIS'' or ''Virtual AIS''. These stations may also be programmed to provide other types of navigation safety information, for example, meteorological and hydrological data, via application specific text or binary messages (i.e. AIS messages 6, 8, 12, 14, or 25).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>These beacons are VHF <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[VHF_marine|</ins>marine<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </ins>transmitters which send AIS (Automatic Identification System) packets. The packets contain spatial information spotting navigational hazards (reefs, skerries, shipwrecks etc) and navigational aids (buoys, ligts, racons). Thus AIS equipped ships can see the locations of navigation hazards on the AIS display.<sup>(12)</sup> Often the AIS beacon is not located at the indicated mavigation hazard spot but it is located at a convenient location on shore. An AIS beacon can send packets for more than one navigational hazards within its coverage area. This system is often called ''Synthetic AIS'' or ''Virtual AIS''. These stations may also be programmed to provide other types of navigation safety information, for example, meteorological and hydrological data, via application specific text or binary messages (i.e. AIS messages 6, 8, 12, 14, or 25).</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>AIS information is transmitted on VHF marine channels 87B (161.975 MHz) and 88B (162.025 MHz) using 9600 bps Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) modulation. AIS packets are formatted according to the HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) packet protocol. Shore based AIS beacons providing location and status of an aid to navigation (ATON) normally transmit AIS message 21 every three minutes.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>AIS information is transmitted on VHF marine <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[VHF_marine#VHF_Marine_Channels_USA_Channels_-_Simplex_and_Duplex|</ins>channels<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </ins>87B (161.975 MHz) and 88B (162.025 MHz) using 9600 bps Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) modulation. AIS packets are formatted according to the HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) packet protocol. Shore based AIS beacons providing location and status of an aid to navigation (ATON) normally transmit AIS message 21 every three minutes.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== See also==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== See also==</div></td></tr>
</table>R4002https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=Radio_beacon&diff=15263&oldid=prevR4002: /* AIS beacons */2023-06-27T18:12:23Z<p><span class="autocomment">AIS beacons</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==AIS beacons==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==AIS beacons==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>These beacons are VHF transmitters which send AIS (Automatic Identification System) packets. The packets contain spatial information spotting navigational hazards (reefs, skerries, shipwrecks etc) and navigational aids (buoys, ligts, racons). Thus AIS equipped ships can see the locations of navigation hazards on the AIS display.<sup>(12)</sup> Often the AIS beacon is not located at the indicated mavigation hazard spot but it is located at a convenient location on shore. An AIS beacon can send packets for more than one navigational hazards within its coverage area. This system is often called ''Synthetic AIS'' or ''Virtual AIS''. These stations may also be programmed to provide other types of navigation safety information, for example, meteorological and hydrological data, via application specific text or binary messages (i.e. AIS messages 6, 8, 12, 14, or 25).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>These beacons are VHF <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">marine </ins>transmitters which send AIS (Automatic Identification System) packets. The packets contain spatial information spotting navigational hazards (reefs, skerries, shipwrecks etc) and navigational aids (buoys, ligts, racons). Thus AIS equipped ships can see the locations of navigation hazards on the AIS display.<sup>(12)</sup> Often the AIS beacon is not located at the indicated mavigation hazard spot but it is located at a convenient location on shore. An AIS beacon can send packets for more than one navigational hazards within its coverage area. This system is often called ''Synthetic AIS'' or ''Virtual AIS''. These stations may also be programmed to provide other types of navigation safety information, for example, meteorological and hydrological data, via application specific text or binary messages (i.e. AIS messages 6, 8, 12, 14, or 25).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>AIS information is transmitted on VHF marine channels 87B (161.975 MHz) and 88B (162.025 MHz) using 9600 bps Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) modulation. AIS packets are formatted according to the HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) packet protocol. Shore based AIS beacons providing location and status of an aid to navigation (ATON) normally transmit AIS message 21 every three minutes. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>AIS information is transmitted on VHF marine channels 87B (161.975 MHz) and 88B (162.025 MHz) using 9600 bps Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) modulation. AIS packets are formatted according to the HDLC (High-level Data Link Control) packet protocol. Shore based AIS beacons providing location and status of an aid to navigation (ATON) normally transmit AIS message 21 every three minutes.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== See also==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>== See also==</div></td></tr>
</table>R4002https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=Radio_beacon&diff=15262&oldid=prevR4002: /* IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi beacons */2023-06-27T18:12:04Z<p><span class="autocomment">IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi beacons</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi beacons==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi beacons==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:Wi-Fi logo.jpg|right|120px]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:Wi-Fi logo.jpg|right|120px]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>In the field of Wi-Fi (wireless local area networks using the IEEE 802.11b and 802.11g specification), the term ''beacon'' signifies a specific data transmission from the wireless access point (AP), which carries the SSID, the channel number and security protocols such as WEP (Wired Equivalent Protection) or WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access). </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>In the field of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</ins>Wi-Fi<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </ins>(wireless local area networks using the IEEE 802.11b and 802.11g specification), the term ''beacon'' signifies a specific data transmission from the wireless access point (AP), which carries the SSID, the channel number and security protocols such as WEP (Wired Equivalent Protection) or WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access). </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>A Wi-Fi beacon "frame" does not specify the link layer address of another Wi-Fi device, therefore it can be received and processed by any LAN client. <sup>(6)</sup></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>A Wi-Fi beacon "frame" does not specify the link layer address of another Wi-Fi device, therefore it can be received and processed by any LAN client. <sup>(6)</sup></div></td></tr>
</table>R4002https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=Radio_beacon&diff=15238&oldid=prevR4002: /* NDB technical */2023-06-22T13:46:36Z<p><span class="autocomment">NDB technical</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>===NDB technical===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>===NDB technical===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:Decca 80002-NDB.jpg|thumb|right|A DECCA 80002 non-directional beacon.]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:Decca 80002-NDB.jpg|thumb|right|A DECCA 80002 non-directional beacon.]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>NDBs typically operate in the frequency range from 190 kHz to 535&nbsp;kHz (although they are allocated frequencies from 190 to 1750&nbsp;kHz) and transmit a carrier modulated by either 400 or 1020&nbsp;Hz. NDBs can also be colocated with [[DME]] stations, [[VOR]] beacon stations, and [[ILS]] marker beacons. NDB owners are mostly governmental agencies and airport authorities.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>NDBs typically operate in the frequency range from 190 kHz to 535&nbsp;kHz (although they are allocated frequencies from 190 to 1750&nbsp;kHz) and transmit a carrier modulated by either 400 or 1020&nbsp;Hz. NDBs can also be colocated with [[DME]] stations, [[VOR]] beacon stations, and [[ILS]] marker <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Business_Radio#VHF_Mid_Band_72-76_MHz|</ins>beacons<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins>. NDB owners are mostly governmental agencies and airport authorities.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Transmission power varies. Locator beacons are low power, typically 25-100 W. Beacons marking airways are medium to high power, typically 200&nbsp;W to 1 kW, and sometimes higher up to 5 kW. In most cases there are two transmitters at the beacon site, the main transmitter and a backup reserve transmitter. The backup transmitter sends the beacon identification morse code letters followed by a dot (morse code "E").</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Transmission power varies. Locator beacons are low power, typically 25-100 W. Beacons marking airways are medium to high power, typically 200&nbsp;W to 1 kW, and sometimes higher up to 5 kW. In most cases there are two transmitters at the beacon site, the main transmitter and a backup reserve transmitter. The backup transmitter sends the beacon identification morse code letters followed by a dot (morse code "E").</div></td></tr>
</table>R4002https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=Radio_beacon&diff=15234&oldid=prevR4002: /* NDB technical */2023-06-22T13:44:35Z<p><span class="autocomment">NDB technical</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>===NDB technical===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>===NDB technical===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:Decca 80002-NDB.jpg|thumb|right|A DECCA 80002 non-directional beacon.]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[File:Decca 80002-NDB.jpg|thumb|right|A DECCA 80002 non-directional beacon.]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>NDBs typically operate in the frequency range from 190 kHz to 535&nbsp;kHz (although they are allocated frequencies from 190 to 1750&nbsp;kHz) and transmit a carrier modulated by either 400 or 1020&nbsp;Hz. NDBs can also be colocated with DME stations and ILS marker beacons. NDB owners are mostly governmental agencies and airport authorities.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>NDBs typically operate in the frequency range from 190 kHz to 535&nbsp;kHz (although they are allocated frequencies from 190 to 1750&nbsp;kHz) and transmit a carrier modulated by either 400 or 1020&nbsp;Hz. NDBs can also be colocated with <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</ins>DME<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </ins>stations<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, [[VOR]] beacon stations, </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</ins>ILS<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </ins>marker beacons. NDB owners are mostly governmental agencies and airport authorities.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Transmission power varies. Locator beacons are low power, typically 25-100 W. Beacons marking airways are medium to high power, typically 200&nbsp;W to 1 kW, and sometimes higher up to 5 kW. In most cases there are two transmitters at the beacon site, the main transmitter and a backup reserve transmitter. The backup transmitter sends the beacon identification morse code letters followed by a dot (morse code "E").</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Transmission power varies. Locator beacons are low power, typically 25-100 W. Beacons marking airways are medium to high power, typically 200&nbsp;W to 1 kW, and sometimes higher up to 5 kW. In most cases there are two transmitters at the beacon site, the main transmitter and a backup reserve transmitter. The backup transmitter sends the beacon identification morse code letters followed by a dot (morse code "E").</div></td></tr>
</table>R4002https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=Radio_beacon&diff=14689&oldid=prevR4002: /* ILS marker beacons */2022-12-28T19:09:22Z<p><span class="autocomment">ILS marker beacons</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==ILS marker beacons==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==ILS marker beacons==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>-</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>A '''marker beacon''' is a specialized beacon used in aviation in conjunction with an instrument landing system (ILS), to give pilots a means to determine distance to the runway. Marker beacons transmit upwards using beam antennas on the dedicated frequency of 75.0&nbsp;MHz. ILS marker beacons are gradually phased-out and most new ILS installations have no marker beacons.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>A '''marker beacon''' is a specialized beacon used in aviation in conjunction with an instrument landing system (<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</ins>ILS<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins>), to give pilots a means to determine distance to the runway. Marker beacons transmit upwards using beam antennas on the dedicated frequency of 75.0&nbsp;MHz. ILS marker beacons are gradually phased-out and most new ILS installations have no marker beacons.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Radio propagation beacons==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==Radio propagation beacons==</div></td></tr>
</table>R4002https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=Radio_beacon&diff=13655&oldid=prevR4002: /* See also */2021-12-10T15:48:17Z<p><span class="autocomment">See also</span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[HiFER]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[HiFER]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[Radio propagation beacon]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* [[Radio propagation beacon]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* [[11_meter#11_meter_Beacon_Frequencies_11m_CB_Beacon_Channels_11m_Beacon_Bands|11 meter band beacons CB beacon 27 MHz beacons]]</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>==References==</div></td></tr>
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