https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php?title=Special:Contributions/Commsigma&feed=atom&limit=50&target=Commsigma&year=&month=HFUnderground - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T21:56:59ZFrom HFUndergroundMediaWiki 1.16.5https://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Radio_Related_MemesRadio Related Memes2022-10-07T18:00:36Z<p>Commsigma: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Radio Related Memes (in no particular order)'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:Vertical_antennas.jpg]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Knobs.png]]<br />
<br />
[[File:11m_dead_Jim.png]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Dipole_house.jpg]]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/File:Knobs.pngFile:Knobs.png2022-10-07T18:00:08Z<p>Commsigma: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Radio_Related_MemesRadio Related Memes2022-06-28T20:28:18Z<p>Commsigma: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Radio Related Memes (in no particular order)'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:Vertical_antennas.jpg]]<br />
<br />
[[File:11m_dead_Jim.png]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Dipole_house.jpg]]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/File:Dipole_house.jpgFile:Dipole house.jpg2022-06-28T20:12:02Z<p>Commsigma: Radio meme</p>
<hr />
<div>Radio meme</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Radio_Related_MemesRadio Related Memes2022-06-10T17:49:55Z<p>Commsigma: Created page with "'''Radio Related Memes (in no particular order)''' File:Vertical_antennas.jpg File:11m_dead_Jim.png"</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Radio Related Memes (in no particular order)'''<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:Vertical_antennas.jpg]]<br />
<br />
[[File:11m_dead_Jim.png]]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/File:11m_dead_Jim.pngFile:11m dead Jim.png2022-06-10T17:48:57Z<p>Commsigma: Radio Related Meme</p>
<hr />
<div>Radio Related Meme</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/File:Vertical_antennas.jpgFile:Vertical antennas.jpg2022-06-10T17:47:00Z<p>Commsigma: Radio Related Meme</p>
<hr />
<div>Radio Related Meme</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Main_PageMain Page2022-06-10T17:43:49Z<p>Commsigma: </p>
<hr />
<div>Welcome to HFUnderground.com, aka the HFU. This site is dedicated to documenting longwave, mediumwave, and shortwave stations, including broadcasters, utility/military stations, pirate radio and spy numbers stations. <br />
<br />
'''Be sure to visit the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/ HF Underground Message Board] for the latest reception reports and news about pirate and other shortwave radio stations.<br />
'''<br />
<br />
Everyone who is a radio enthusiast is encouraged to add information to the site. Just become a registered user, and you can start to contribute!<br />
<br />
*[[Pirate radio station email addresses]]<br />
*[[Pirate QSL Collection]]<br />
*[[Pirate Radio New Listener Guide and FAQ]]<br />
*[[Spy Numbers Stations]]<br />
*[[Soviet/Russian Strategic Communication/Warfare Units]]<br />
*[[Cuban Intelligence Radio Stations/Operations]]<br />
*[[Pescadores]]<br />
*[[Radio Hobby Related Software]]<br />
*[[Amateur radio|Amateur (ham) radio]]<br />
*[[DXing]]<br />
*[[Pirate radio stations]]<br />
*[[List of Pirate Radio Frequencies|Pirate radio frequencies]]<br />
*[[:Category:People]]<br />
*[[Signal Identification]]<br />
*[https://www.sigidwiki.com/wiki/Signal_Identification_Guide The Signal Identification Wiki]<br />
*[[Shortwave Broadcast Stations]]<br />
*[[Private European Shortwave Stations]]<br />
*[[Shortwave jammers]]<br />
*[[Shortwave Utility Stations]]<br />
*[[Fixed/Mobile_bands|Fixed/Mobile MF/HF Allocations]]<br />
*[[HF_airband|MF/HF Aircraft Bands Aeronautical Radio]]<br />
*[[MWARA|Major World Air Route Area (MWARA) Frequencies]]<br />
*[[Mediumwave Broadcast Stations]]<br />
*[[Mediumwave Utility Stations]]<br />
*[[Longwave Broadcast Stations]]<br />
*[[Longwave Utility Stations]]<br />
*[[HF_marine|MF/HF Marine Radio]]<br />
*[[Maritime Weather Transmissions|MF/HF maritime weather transmissions]]<br />
*[[Maritime Fax Transmissions|MF/HF maritime fax transmissions]]<br />
*[[VHF / UHF Radio|VHF and UHF Services - including land mobile radio, PMR, etc.]]<br />
*[[Business Radio|Business Radio Service - Industrial/Business Radio Pool]]<br />
*[[CB|CB radio, Freebanding]] and the [[11_meter|11 meter band]]<br />
*[[Community Audio Distribution Service|Community Audio Distribution Service (CADS) and Wireless Public Address System (WPAS) (27 MHz Church Radio)]]<br />
*[[Remote Control|Remote Control - R/C Services Worldwide]]<br />
*[[HF_pagers|26-28 MHz Data Link Networks and Pagers]]<br />
*[[Miscellaneous]]<br />
*[[RTL-SDR]]<br />
*[[KiwiSDR]]<br />
*[[Technical Topics]]<br />
*[[NIST_Digital_Archives|NIST Digital Archives]]<br />
*[[Part_15_Beacons|Part 15 Beacons]]<br />
*[[High Frequency Beacon]]<br />
*Radio Related [[Blogs]] <br />
*[[LORAN]]<br />
*[[Radio Related Memes]]<br />
<br />
'''[[:Category:Main topics]]''':Top level category of articles and images.<br />
<br />
[http://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/Special:Recentchanges?feed=rss Recent Changes RSS Feed]<br />
<br />
[http://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/Special:Newpages?feed=rss New Pages RSS Feed]<br />
<br />
<br />
== Internet Relay Chat ==<br />
<br />
Many pirate and other radio enthusiasts hang out on the #PirateRadio and #WUNClub IRC (Internet Relay Chat) channels on the StarChat network.<br />
This is a place where you can chat with fellow listeners, as well as share monitoring catches in real time.<br />
<br />
Joining the chat is fairly easy. You can use the online chat below until you get an IRC client.<br />
The Java chat requires a browser with Java enabled.<br />
<br />
[http://www.starchat.net/chat/?chan=PirateRadio Click here to be taken to the #PirateRadio chat]<br />
<br />
[http://www.starchat.net/chat/?chan=WUNClub Click here to be taken to the #WUNClub chat]<br />
<br />
[http://www.starchat.net/chat/?chan=mid-atlantic-scan Click here to be taken to the #mid-atlantic-scan chat] (Mid Atlantic VHF/UHF Radio Scanning)</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Part_15_BeaconsPart 15 Beacons2021-07-01T16:20:46Z<p>Commsigma: /* 13560 kHz Part 15 Beacons */</p>
<hr />
<div>= Overview =<br />
<br />
There are three bands available to hobbyists for [[Part 15]] transmitters:<br />
* 160 - 190 kHz<br />
* 13553 - 13567 kHz (often referred to as 13560 kHz, 13.56 MHz or 22 meters, shared with [[ISM]])<br />
* 26960 - 27280 kHz ([[11_meter|11 meters]], shared with [[CB]], [[Remote_Control|RC]], [[HF_pagers|data links/telemetry]] and ISM from 26957 - 27283 kHz)<br />
* 49820 - 49900 kHz (49.82 - 49.90 MHz) <br />
<br />
== 160-190 kHz Part 15 Beacons ==<br />
* 167.180 LC Sacramento CA <br />
* 180.580 6R El Dorado Hills CA<br />
* 181.818 JH Florence SC<br />
* 182.448 R Keeler CA<br />
* 183.500 WD2XFJ Burbank CA<br />
* 185.100 22A Baraga MI<br />
* 185.185 SIW Oswego IL<br />
* 185.290 KT Oswego KS<br />
* 185.297 TAG Raymond ME<br />
* 185.298 CV South Coffeyville OK<br />
* 185.299 SIW Oswego IL<br />
* 185.303 SJ East Haven CT<br />
* 185.650 WE2XEB Penn Yan NY<br />
* 186.204 MLS Massilon OH<br />
* 187.015 J La Crescenta CA<br />
* 187.507 WI Aiken SC<br />
* 188.830 EAR Saltford, ON<br />
<br />
<br />
== 13560 kHz Part 15 Beacons ==<br />
Frequencies are often variable<br />
<br />
*13554.000 AZ Oro Valley AZ<br />
*13555.380 USC Spartanburg SC<br />
*13555.414 TAG Holden MA<br />
*13555.420 JIM Dallas TX<br />
*13555.430 SIW Elgin IL<br />
*13555.440 SIW Elgin IL<br />
*13555.450 MP London ON<br />
*13555.462 EH East Haven CT<br />
*13555.465 XR Friendsville TN <br />
*13555.472 7P Ajo AZ<br />
*13555.484 BC Spring Creek NV<br />
*13555.500 NC Stanfield NC<br />
*13555.528 EDJ Monroe GA<br />
*13555.600 MTI Stone Mountain GA<br />
*13555.920 WV Richwood, WV<br />
*13555.98 TSN<br />
*13556.20 NOM NOM (not 24/7)<br />
*13556.600 OH Findlay OH<br />
*13557.50 PBJ Tracey City TN<br />
*13557.800 PLM [UNKNOWN]<br />
*13558.2 PVC<br />
*13558.510 AJO Ajo AZ<br />
*13558.98 NHVT<br />
*13561.100 17331PA Hanover, PA <br />
*13562.080 NDB<br />
*13562.950 SZX Macomb IL<br />
*13563.000 RR<br />
*13563.55 PCO Colorado<br />
*13564.280 T Sun City CA<br />
*13561.55 WMD (not 24/7)<br />
*13562.80 GNK Madison WI<br />
*13564.20 RF Grid EM96 NC<br />
*13564.72 ABBY<br />
*13565.04 K6FRC Patterson CA<br />
*13566.07 KAH<br />
*13566.20 AMA Hamilton ON<br />
*13566.50 ODX<br />
<br />
== 26960-27280 kHz Part 15 Beacons ==<br />
None reported<br />
<br />
== 22 meter band beacon kit ==<br />
<br />
This beacon includes a custom programmed micro controller which sends the CW ID.<br />
<br />
Available from: [https://blackcatsystems.com/rf-products/22_meter_band_part_15_beacon_kit.html https://blackcatsystems.com/rf-products/22_meter_band_part_15_beacon_kit.html]<br />
<br />
https://blackcatsystems.com/rf-products/pics/beacon/beacon_finished.jpg<br />
<br />
<br />
== FCC Regulations ==<br />
<br />
=== 160 - 190 kHz ===<br />
15.217 Operation in the band 160-190 kHz.<br />
(a) The total input power to the final radio frequency stage (exclusive of <br />
filament or heater power) shall not exceed one watt.<br />
(b) The total length of the transmission line, antenna, and ground lead<br />
(if used) shall not exceed 15 meters.<br />
(c) All emissions below 160 kHz or above 190 kHz shall be attenuated at<br />
least 20 dB below the level of the unmodulated carrier. Determination<br />
of compliance with the 20 dB attenuation specification may be based on<br />
measurements at the intentional radiator's antenna output terminal<br />
unless the intentional radiator uses a permanently attached antenna, in<br />
which case compliance shall be demonstrated by measuring the radiated<br />
emissions.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 13560 kHz ===<br />
15.225 Operation within the band 13.110-14.010 MHz.<br />
(a) The field strength of any emissions within the band 13.553-13.567<br />
MHz shall not exceed 15,848 microvolts/meter at 30 meters.<br />
(b) Within the bands 13.410-13.553 MHz and 13.567-13.710 MHz, the field<br />
strength of any emissions shall not exceed 334 microvolts/meter at 30<br />
meters.<br />
(c) Within the bands 13.110-13.410 MHz and 13.710-14.010 MHz the field<br />
strength of any emissions shall not exceed 106 microvolts/meter at 30<br />
meters.<br />
(d) The field strength of any emissions appearing outside of the<br />
13.110-14.010 MHz band shall not exceed the general radiated emission<br />
limits in § 15.209.<br />
(e) The frequency tolerance of the carrier signal shall be maintained<br />
within ±0.01% of the operating frequency over a temperature variation<br />
of −20 degrees to +50 degrees C at normal supply voltage, and for a<br />
variation in the primary supply voltage from 85% to 115% of the rated<br />
supply voltage at a temperature of 20 degrees C. For battery operated<br />
equipment, the equipment tests shall be performed using a new battery.<br />
(f) In the case of radio frequency powered tags designed to operate<br />
with a device authorized under this section, the tag may be approved<br />
with the device or be considered as a separate device subject to its<br />
own authorization. Powered tags approved with a device under a single<br />
application shall be labeled with the same identification number as the<br />
device.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 26960 - 27280 kHz ===<br />
15.227 Operation within the band 26.96-27.28 MHz.<br />
(a) The field strength of any emission within this band shall not<br />
exceed 10,000 microvolts/meter at 3 meters. The emission limit in this<br />
paragraph is based on measurement instrumentation employing an average<br />
detector. The provisions in § 15.35 for limiting peak emissions apply.<br />
(b) The field strength of any emissions which appear outside of this<br />
band shall not exceed the general radiated emission limits in § 15.209.<br />
<br />
=== 49.82 MHz - 49.90 MHz (49 MHz band) ===<br />
<br />
See also: [[Remote_Control#49_MHz_RC_Frequencies|Remote Control - 49 MHz R/C Frequencies]] and the [[Part_15#15.235_Operation_within_the_band_49.82-49.90_MHz.|Part 15]] page.<br />
<br />
15.235 Operation within the band 49.82-49.90 MHz.<br />
(a) The field strength of any emission within this band shall not exceed 10,000 microvolts/meter at 3 meters. The emission limit in this paragraph is based on measurement instrumentation employing an average detector. The provisions in § 15.35 for limiting peak emissions apply.<br />
<br />
(b) The field strength of any emissions appearing between the band edges and up to 10 kHz above and below the band edges shall be attenuated at least 26 dB below the level of the unmodulated carrier or to the general limits in § 15.209, whichever permits the higher emission levels. The field strength of any emissions removed by more than 10 kHz from the band edges shall not exceed the general radiated emission limits in § 15.209. All signals exceeding 20 microvolts/meter at 3 meters shall be reported in the application for certification.<br />
(c) For a home-built intentional radiator, as defined in § 15.23(a), operating within the band 49.82-49.90 MHz, the following standards may be employed:<br />
(1) The RF carrier and modulation products shall be maintained within the band 49.82-49.90 MHz.<br />
(2) The total input power to the device measured at the battery or the power line terminals shall not exceed 100 milliwatts under any condition of modulation.<br />
(3) The antenna shall be a single element, one meter or less in length, permanently mounted on the enclosure containing the device.<br />
(4) Emissions outside of this band shall be attenuated at least 20 dB below the level of the unmodulated carrier.<br />
(5) The regulations contained in § 15.23 of this part apply to intentional radiators constructed under the provisions of this paragraph.<br />
(d) Cordless telephones are not permitted to operate under the provisions of this section. See Part 15 subsection regarding analog 49 MHz cordless phones: [[Part_15#15.233_Operation_within_the_bands_43.71-44.49_MHz.2C_46.60-46.98_MHz.2C_48.75-49.51_MHz_and_49.66-50.0_MHz.|15.233]].<br />
<br />
UNDERSTANDING THE FCC REGULATIONS FOR LOW-POWER, NON-LICENSED TRANSMITTERS<br />
http://transition.fcc.gov/Bureaus/Engineering_Technology/Documents/bulletins/oet63/oet63rev.pdf<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Radio beacons|Radio beacons - general topic]]<br />
* [[Radio propagation beacon|Radio propagation beacons]]<br />
* [[LowFER]]<br />
* [[HiFER]]<br />
* [[High Frequency Beacon]]<br />
* [[Part_15_Beacons|Part 15 Beacons]]<br />
* [[Letter beacon]]<br />
* [[Fishnet beacon]]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Beacons]]<br />
[[Category: VHF/UHF Radio Services]]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Part_15_BeaconsPart 15 Beacons2021-07-01T16:20:25Z<p>Commsigma: /* 13560 kHz Part 15 Beacons */</p>
<hr />
<div>= Overview =<br />
<br />
There are three bands available to hobbyists for [[Part 15]] transmitters:<br />
* 160 - 190 kHz<br />
* 13553 - 13567 kHz (often referred to as 13560 kHz, 13.56 MHz or 22 meters, shared with [[ISM]])<br />
* 26960 - 27280 kHz ([[11_meter|11 meters]], shared with [[CB]], [[Remote_Control|RC]], [[HF_pagers|data links/telemetry]] and ISM from 26957 - 27283 kHz)<br />
* 49820 - 49900 kHz (49.82 - 49.90 MHz) <br />
<br />
== 160-190 kHz Part 15 Beacons ==<br />
* 167.180 LC Sacramento CA <br />
* 180.580 6R El Dorado Hills CA<br />
* 181.818 JH Florence SC<br />
* 182.448 R Keeler CA<br />
* 183.500 WD2XFJ Burbank CA<br />
* 185.100 22A Baraga MI<br />
* 185.185 SIW Oswego IL<br />
* 185.290 KT Oswego KS<br />
* 185.297 TAG Raymond ME<br />
* 185.298 CV South Coffeyville OK<br />
* 185.299 SIW Oswego IL<br />
* 185.303 SJ East Haven CT<br />
* 185.650 WE2XEB Penn Yan NY<br />
* 186.204 MLS Massilon OH<br />
* 187.015 J La Crescenta CA<br />
* 187.507 WI Aiken SC<br />
* 188.830 EAR Saltford, ON<br />
<br />
<br />
== 13560 kHz Part 15 Beacons ==<br />
Frequencies are often variable<br />
<br />
*13554.000 AZ Oro Valley AZ<br />
*13555.380 USC Spartanburg SC<br />
*13555.414 TAG Holden MA<br />
*13555.420 JIM Dallas TX<br />
*13555.430 SIW Elgin IL<br />
*13555.440 SIW Elgin IL<br />
*13555.450 MP London ON<br />
*13555.462 EH East Haven CT<br />
*13555.465 XR Friendsville TN <br />
*13555.472 7P Ajo AZ<br />
*13555.484 BC Spring Creek NV<br />
*13555.500 NC Stanfield NC<br />
*13555.528 EDJ Monroe GA<br />
*13555.600 MTI Stone Mountain GA<br />
*13555.920 WV Richwood, WV<br />
*13555.98 TSN<br />
*13556.20 NOM NOM (not 24/7)<br />
*13556.600 OH Findlay OH<br />
*13557.50 PBJ Tracey City TN<br />
*13557.800 PLM [UNKNOWN]<br />
*13558.2 PVC<br />
*13558.510 AJO Ajo AZ<br />
*13558.98 NHVT<br />
*13561.100 17331PA Hanover, PA <br />
*13562.080 NDB<br />
*13562.950 SZX Macomb IL<br />
*13563.000 RR<br />
*13563.55 PCO Colorado<br />
*13564.280 T Sun City CA<br />
*13561.55 WMD<br />
*13562.80 GNK Madison WI<br />
*13564.20 RF Grid EM96 NC<br />
*13564.72 ABBY<br />
*13565.04 K6FRC Patterson CA<br />
*13566.07 KAH<br />
*13566.20 AMA Hamilton ON<br />
*13566.50 ODX<br />
<br />
== 26960-27280 kHz Part 15 Beacons ==<br />
None reported<br />
<br />
== 22 meter band beacon kit ==<br />
<br />
This beacon includes a custom programmed micro controller which sends the CW ID.<br />
<br />
Available from: [https://blackcatsystems.com/rf-products/22_meter_band_part_15_beacon_kit.html https://blackcatsystems.com/rf-products/22_meter_band_part_15_beacon_kit.html]<br />
<br />
https://blackcatsystems.com/rf-products/pics/beacon/beacon_finished.jpg<br />
<br />
<br />
== FCC Regulations ==<br />
<br />
=== 160 - 190 kHz ===<br />
15.217 Operation in the band 160-190 kHz.<br />
(a) The total input power to the final radio frequency stage (exclusive of <br />
filament or heater power) shall not exceed one watt.<br />
(b) The total length of the transmission line, antenna, and ground lead<br />
(if used) shall not exceed 15 meters.<br />
(c) All emissions below 160 kHz or above 190 kHz shall be attenuated at<br />
least 20 dB below the level of the unmodulated carrier. Determination<br />
of compliance with the 20 dB attenuation specification may be based on<br />
measurements at the intentional radiator's antenna output terminal<br />
unless the intentional radiator uses a permanently attached antenna, in<br />
which case compliance shall be demonstrated by measuring the radiated<br />
emissions.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 13560 kHz ===<br />
15.225 Operation within the band 13.110-14.010 MHz.<br />
(a) The field strength of any emissions within the band 13.553-13.567<br />
MHz shall not exceed 15,848 microvolts/meter at 30 meters.<br />
(b) Within the bands 13.410-13.553 MHz and 13.567-13.710 MHz, the field<br />
strength of any emissions shall not exceed 334 microvolts/meter at 30<br />
meters.<br />
(c) Within the bands 13.110-13.410 MHz and 13.710-14.010 MHz the field<br />
strength of any emissions shall not exceed 106 microvolts/meter at 30<br />
meters.<br />
(d) The field strength of any emissions appearing outside of the<br />
13.110-14.010 MHz band shall not exceed the general radiated emission<br />
limits in § 15.209.<br />
(e) The frequency tolerance of the carrier signal shall be maintained<br />
within ±0.01% of the operating frequency over a temperature variation<br />
of −20 degrees to +50 degrees C at normal supply voltage, and for a<br />
variation in the primary supply voltage from 85% to 115% of the rated<br />
supply voltage at a temperature of 20 degrees C. For battery operated<br />
equipment, the equipment tests shall be performed using a new battery.<br />
(f) In the case of radio frequency powered tags designed to operate<br />
with a device authorized under this section, the tag may be approved<br />
with the device or be considered as a separate device subject to its<br />
own authorization. Powered tags approved with a device under a single<br />
application shall be labeled with the same identification number as the<br />
device.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 26960 - 27280 kHz ===<br />
15.227 Operation within the band 26.96-27.28 MHz.<br />
(a) The field strength of any emission within this band shall not<br />
exceed 10,000 microvolts/meter at 3 meters. The emission limit in this<br />
paragraph is based on measurement instrumentation employing an average<br />
detector. The provisions in § 15.35 for limiting peak emissions apply.<br />
(b) The field strength of any emissions which appear outside of this<br />
band shall not exceed the general radiated emission limits in § 15.209.<br />
<br />
=== 49.82 MHz - 49.90 MHz (49 MHz band) ===<br />
<br />
See also: [[Remote_Control#49_MHz_RC_Frequencies|Remote Control - 49 MHz R/C Frequencies]] and the [[Part_15#15.235_Operation_within_the_band_49.82-49.90_MHz.|Part 15]] page.<br />
<br />
15.235 Operation within the band 49.82-49.90 MHz.<br />
(a) The field strength of any emission within this band shall not exceed 10,000 microvolts/meter at 3 meters. The emission limit in this paragraph is based on measurement instrumentation employing an average detector. The provisions in § 15.35 for limiting peak emissions apply.<br />
<br />
(b) The field strength of any emissions appearing between the band edges and up to 10 kHz above and below the band edges shall be attenuated at least 26 dB below the level of the unmodulated carrier or to the general limits in § 15.209, whichever permits the higher emission levels. The field strength of any emissions removed by more than 10 kHz from the band edges shall not exceed the general radiated emission limits in § 15.209. All signals exceeding 20 microvolts/meter at 3 meters shall be reported in the application for certification.<br />
(c) For a home-built intentional radiator, as defined in § 15.23(a), operating within the band 49.82-49.90 MHz, the following standards may be employed:<br />
(1) The RF carrier and modulation products shall be maintained within the band 49.82-49.90 MHz.<br />
(2) The total input power to the device measured at the battery or the power line terminals shall not exceed 100 milliwatts under any condition of modulation.<br />
(3) The antenna shall be a single element, one meter or less in length, permanently mounted on the enclosure containing the device.<br />
(4) Emissions outside of this band shall be attenuated at least 20 dB below the level of the unmodulated carrier.<br />
(5) The regulations contained in § 15.23 of this part apply to intentional radiators constructed under the provisions of this paragraph.<br />
(d) Cordless telephones are not permitted to operate under the provisions of this section. See Part 15 subsection regarding analog 49 MHz cordless phones: [[Part_15#15.233_Operation_within_the_bands_43.71-44.49_MHz.2C_46.60-46.98_MHz.2C_48.75-49.51_MHz_and_49.66-50.0_MHz.|15.233]].<br />
<br />
UNDERSTANDING THE FCC REGULATIONS FOR LOW-POWER, NON-LICENSED TRANSMITTERS<br />
http://transition.fcc.gov/Bureaus/Engineering_Technology/Documents/bulletins/oet63/oet63rev.pdf<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Radio beacons|Radio beacons - general topic]]<br />
* [[Radio propagation beacon|Radio propagation beacons]]<br />
* [[LowFER]]<br />
* [[HiFER]]<br />
* [[High Frequency Beacon]]<br />
* [[Part_15_Beacons|Part 15 Beacons]]<br />
* [[Letter beacon]]<br />
* [[Fishnet beacon]]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Beacons]]<br />
[[Category: VHF/UHF Radio Services]]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Hope_Radio_InternationalHope Radio International2020-11-18T22:36:36Z<p>Commsigma: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:HopeRadio QSL.gif|thumb|right|Hope Radio QSL]]<br />
'''Hope Radio International''' was a pirate operating in the early 1990's, and was legendary for it's massive AM signal heard worldwide by DXers, as well as a slick homegrown sketch comedy and music format. It is likely that Hope Radio was running several thousand watts of power, and frequently broadcast for long stretches of time near 7415 KHz. It was eventually busted in upstate New York. The amateur radio operator who owned the station lost his ham license after a bitter fight with the FCC. He was eventually allowed to relicense several years later as KF2VM (now N2VJ) and can often be heard today in the [[AM window]] (operating legally).<br />
<br />
[[Category: Pirate radio stations]]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22"Welcome to the Hobby - Start Here"2020-07-01T22:11:49Z<p>Commsigma: </p>
<hr />
<div>This page was created to help those who are interested in the hobby of HF radio monitoring and want to learn more. In addition to resources in this Wiki, there is also a special forum for beginners on the HF Underground Message Board where you can ask questions in a friendly environment.<br />
<br />
Click on highlighted text links to learn more about a specific subject. Do not get frustrated if you don't understand all that is presented to you. This page is designed to help you with getting started successfully monitoring HF radio by offering bite sized pieces of information to you.<br />
<br />
Links associated with frequencies (such as 5000 kHz) will take you to an online receiver that is tuned so you have a chance to hear it live. Be sure to visit [http://www.kiwisdr.com/ks/using_Kiwi.html KiwiSDR Operating Information] to learn more about how to operate these online receivers. There is a [http://kiwisdr.com/public/ list] and [http://rx.linkfanel.net/ map] or receivers available to use worldwide. Using an online receiver allows you to try HF monitoring before investing in your own equipment. They are also helpful if you have limited capabilities to erect a large antenna or if your location has a lot of radio frequency interference.<br />
<br />
<br />
= What Can I Hear? =<br />
<br />
There are a wide variety of things to listen to on HF and it would be impossible to cover them all here. To get a taste for what is available see the examples below to get you started. Much of what is presented here is from a North American perspective but can be helpful to new hobbyists located elsewhere. <br />
<br />
Patience is one of your most important tools. Unlike radio stations on your FM dial, many, if not most, stations broadcast on a limited basis and are not on the air continuously. There are many factors that can help and impede your chances of reception so if you are not successful on your first attempt, keep trying! <br />
<br />
Understanding radio propagation will help you determine what stations you can hear and when you can hear them. Shortwave radio signals can arrive at your receiver from the transmitter in two ways. If you are very close to the transmitter the radio waves will travel across the ground to your receiver (ground wave propagation). If you are farther away the radio waves will bounce off the ionosphere in the atmosphere (sometimes multiple times) before arriving at your receiver (ionospheric propagation or "skip"). Watch this short Youtube video to get a basic understanding of this process. <br />
<br />
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpbmAPo5Gak Understanding Shortwave Propagation for the Beginner]<br />
<br />
Some key factors to remember are:<br />
<br />
- Radio propagation can be forecasted but you can never be 100% certain.<br />
<br />
- The presence of sunspots will significantly enhance radio propagation especially at higher frequencies. The lack of sunspots will reduce propagation.<br />
<br />
- Your location is also important. The propagation at the transmitter site may be completely different from the propagation at the receiver.<br />
<br />
- Time of day is very important. The ionosphere changes during the day and reflects signals of different frequencies at different times.<br />
<br />
Since radio propagation is a natural phenomenon it can be unpredictable. It can also change very quickly. Sometimes propagation is excellent. Sometimes it is very, very poor. The pursuit of the elusive radio signal is the thrill of HF radio monitoring. As you get started in this hobby, start with the easier stations to hear and work upward toward the harder ones. This will hone your listening skills and improve your chances.<br />
<br />
== Easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
<br />
''('''Propagation tip''': night time favors lower frequencies, day time favors higher ones)''<br />
<br />
'''Time stations''' - 24/7 broadcast of accurate time:<br />
<br />
[https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/radio-stations/wwv WWV] [https://tf.nist.gov/stations/wwvh.htm WWVH](US) - 2500 kHz, 5000 kHz, 10000 kHz, 15000 kHz, 20000 kHz (WWV only), 25000 kHz (WWV only) [Show receivers on east coast vs. west coast to emphasize propagation at different locations]<br />
<br />
[https://nrc.canada.ca/en/certifications-evaluations-standards/canadas-official-time/nrc-shortwave-station-broadcasts-chu CHU] (Canada) - 3330 kHz, 7850 kHz, 14670 kHz<br />
<br />
<br />
These time stations are often used by more experienced hobbyists to quickly check propagation in North America and to check to see if their receivers and antennas are functioning properly. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Shortwave Broadcasters'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Amateur (Ham) Radio'''<br />
<br />
Amateur radio operators are people who are licensed to use parts of the HF radio spectrum. Their interests span from technical, emergency communications, or to just having conversations with other stations. There are many [http://www.arrl.org/band-plan amateur radio bands] on HF. Operators also operate many different modes - voice (AM, LSB, USB), digital, Morse Code, etc. Many of these modes can be monitored on online receivers without any special equipment. Some modes require special decoding hardware or software. The easiest to listen to would be voice communications. Here are a couple of examples of frequencies that have regular activity or nets. Again, propagation can affect whether or not stations can be heard or not.<br />
<br />
75 meter band - 3875 kHz, 3885 kHz (AM voice activity)<br />
<br />
40 meter band - 7253 kHz, 7255 kHz (LSB nets)<br />
<br />
20 meter band - Slow Scan TV (SSTV) - 14230 kHz (with SSTV decoder on)<br />
<br />
More details about amateur radio can be found on the [http://www.arrl.org ARRL website].<br />
<br />
<br />
== Moderately easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_radio Pirate radio stations] are stations that broadcast without a license. [add more info]<br />
<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numbers_station Numbers (Spy) Stations] - While more prevalent in the past there are still some stations that are still operating. These stations are rumored to be used by governments to send coded information to their intelligence assets on the ground. You won't be able to decode any of the message but they are nonetheless interesting. A group called [http://www.priyom.org Priyom] operates a website that makes it easier to hear these stations. The website has a schedule of expected transmission and a link that will automatically take you to an online receiver that has a good chance of receiving it.<br />
<br />
== More difficult to hear ==<br />
<br />
Rare, exotic stations are hunted by groups of listeners called DXers. Often they listen for days, weeks, months, or years in the hope of receiving a specific station. A combination of patience, luck, equipment, and propagation can determine whether the elusive station will be heard. These stations can be low power stations that are target a local audience, political clandestine stations that are short lived and operating illegally in their country, or stations that have a very restricted on the air schedule. Sometimes propagation cooperates and allows easier reception of these stations.<br />
<br />
= Where to Listen Online =<br />
<br />
A quick place to start is to use the links supplied [https://www.hfunderground.com/on_the_air/update.php on this page] to go directly to an online receiver tuned to the correct frequency. This is only intended to be an aid and not a guaranteed method of hearing any particular station. Remember that not all stations are on the air 24/7 and propagation will effect whether or not you can receive them.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Other Resources =<br />
<br />
'''Propagation, Time of Day, and Location'''<br />
<br />
Propagation is the study of how signals can get from the transmitter to the receiver and can vary according to the sun, the Earth's atmosphere, frequency, time of day, and your location. All of this adds to the enjoyment and excitement of radio monitoring. At times a very strong reliable station will become weak and a rare weak station can become strong enough to hear. With practice you can use propagation tools to help you predict the best time to hear a station.<br />
<br />
[https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/antennas-propagation/ionospheric/sunspots-cycle-activity.php HF Radio Propagation and Sunspots]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22"Welcome to the Hobby - Start Here"2020-07-01T21:28:27Z<p>Commsigma: /* What Can I Hear? */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page was created to help those who are interested in the hobby of HF radio monitoring and want to learn more. In addition to resources in this Wiki, there is also a special forum for beginners on the HF Underground Message Board where you can ask questions in a friendly environment.<br />
<br />
Click on highlighted text links to learn more about a specific subject. Do not get frustrated if you don't understand all that is presented to you. This page is designed to help you with getting started successfully monitoring HF radio by offering bite sized pieces of information to you.<br />
<br />
Links associated with frequencies (such as 5000 kHz) will take you to an online receiver that is tuned so you have a chance to hear it live. Be sure to visit [http://www.kiwisdr.com/ks/using_Kiwi.html KiwiSDR Operating Information] to learn more about how to operate these online receivers. There is a [http://kiwisdr.com/public/ list] and [http://rx.linkfanel.net/ map] or receivers available to use worldwide. Using an online receiver allows you to try out HF monitoring before investing in your own equipment. They are also helpful if you have limited capabilities to erect a large antenna or if your location has a lot of radio frequency interference.<br />
<br />
<br />
= What Can I Hear? =<br />
<br />
There are a wide variety of things to listen to on HF and it would be impossible to cover them all here. To get a taste for what is available see the examples below to get you started. Much of what is presented here is from a North American perspective but can be helpful to new hobbyists located elsewhere. <br />
<br />
Patience is one of your most important tools. Unlike radio stations on your FM dial, many, if not most, stations broadcast on a limited basis and are not on the air continuously. There are many factors that can help and impede your chances of reception so if you are not successful on your first attempt, keep trying! <br />
<br />
Understanding radio propagation will help you determine what stations you can hear and when you can hear them. Shortwave radio signals can arrive at your receiver from the transmitter in two ways. If you are very close to the transmitter the radio waves will travel across the ground to your receiver (ground wave propagation). If you are farther away the radio waves will bounce off the ionosphere in the atmosphere (sometimes multiple times) before arriving at your receiver (ionospheric propagation or "skip"). Watch this short Youtube video to get a basic understanding of this process. <br />
<br />
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpbmAPo5Gak Understanding Shortwave Propagation for the Beginner]<br />
<br />
Some key factors to remember are:<br />
<br />
- Radio propagation can be forecasted but you can never be 100% certain.<br />
<br />
- The presence of sunspots will significantly enhance radio propagation especially at higher frequencies. The lack of sunspots will reduce propagation.<br />
<br />
- Your location is also important. The propagation at the transmitter site may be completely different from the propagation at the receiver.<br />
<br />
- Time of day is very important. The ionosphere changes during the day and reflects signals of different frequencies at different times.<br />
<br />
Since radio propagation is a natural phenomenon it can be unpredictable. It can also change very quickly. Sometimes propagation is excellent. Sometimes it is very, very poor. The pursuit of the elusive radio signal is the thrill of HF radio monitoring. As you get started in this hobby, start with the easier stations to hear and work upward toward the harder ones. This will hone your listening skills and improve your chances.<br />
<br />
== Easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
<br />
''('''Propagation tip''': night time favors lower frequencies, day time favors higher ones)''<br />
<br />
'''Time stations''' - 24/7 broadcast of accurate time:<br />
<br />
[https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/radio-stations/wwv WWV] [https://tf.nist.gov/stations/wwvh.htm WWVH](US) - 2500 kHz, 5000 kHz, 10000 kHz, 15000 kHz, 20000 kHz (WWV only), 25000 kHz (WWV only) [Show receivers on east coast vs. west coast to emphasize propagation at different locations]<br />
<br />
[https://nrc.canada.ca/en/certifications-evaluations-standards/canadas-official-time/nrc-shortwave-station-broadcasts-chu CHU] (Canada) - 3330 kHz, 7850 kHz, 14670 kHz<br />
<br />
<br />
These time stations are often used by more experienced hobbyists to quickly check propagation in North America and to check to see if their receivers and antennas are functioning properly. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Shortwave Broadcasters'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Amateur (Ham) Radio'''<br />
<br />
Amateur radio operators are people who are licensed to use parts of the HF radio spectrum. Their interests span from technical, emergency communications, or to just having conversations with other stations. There are many [http://www.arrl.org/band-plan amateur radio bands] on HF. Operators also operate many different modes - voice (AM, LSB, USB), digital, Morse Code, etc. Many of these modes can be monitored on online receivers without any special equipment. Some modes require special decoding hardware or software. The easiest to listen to would be voice communications. Here are a couple of examples of frequencies that have regular activity or nets. Again, propagation can affect whether or not stations can be heard or not.<br />
<br />
75 meter band - 3875 kHz, 3885 kHz (AM voice activity)<br />
<br />
40 meter band - 7253 kHz, 7255 kHz (LSB nets)<br />
<br />
20 meter band - Slow Scan TV (SSTV) - 14230 kHz (with SSTV decoder on)<br />
<br />
More details about amateur radio can be found on the [http://www.arrl.org ARRL website].<br />
<br />
<br />
== Moderately easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_radio Pirate radio stations] are stations that broadcast without a license. [add more info]<br />
<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numbers_station Numbers (Spy) Stations] - While more prevalent in the past there are still some stations that are still operating. These stations are rumored to be used by governments to send coded information to their intelligence assets on the ground. You won't be able to decode any of the message but they are nonetheless interesting. A group called [http://www.priyom.org Priyom] operates a website that makes it easier to hear these stations. The website has a schedule of expected transmission and a link that will automatically take you to an online receiver that has a good chance of receiving it.<br />
<br />
== More difficult to hear ==<br />
<br />
Rare, exotic stations are hunted by groups of listeners called DXers. Often they listen for days, weeks, months, or years in the hope of receiving a specific station. A combination of patience, luck, equipment, and propagation can determine whether the elusive station will be heard. These stations can be low power stations that are target a local audience, political clandestine stations that are short lived and operating illegally in their country, or stations that have a very restricted on the air schedule. Sometimes propagation cooperates and allows easier reception of these stations.<br />
<br />
= Where to Listen Online =<br />
<br />
A quick place to start is to use the links supplied [https://www.hfunderground.com/on_the_air/update.php on this page] to go directly to an online receiver tuned to the correct frequency. This is only intended to be an aid and not a guaranteed method of hearing any particular station. Remember that not all stations are on the air 24/7 and propagation will effect whether or not you can receive them.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Other Resources =<br />
<br />
'''Propagation, Time of Day, and Location'''<br />
<br />
Propagation is the study of how signals can get from the transmitter to the receiver and can vary according to the sun, the Earth's atmosphere, frequency, time of day, and your location. All of this adds to the enjoyment and excitement of radio monitoring. At times a very strong reliable station will become weak and a rare weak station can become strong enough to hear. With practice you can use propagation tools to help you predict the best time to hear a station.<br />
<br />
[https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/antennas-propagation/ionospheric/sunspots-cycle-activity.php HF Radio Propagation and Sunspots]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22"Welcome to the Hobby - Start Here"2020-07-01T21:24:12Z<p>Commsigma: </p>
<hr />
<div>This page was created to help those who are interested in the hobby of HF radio monitoring and want to learn more. In addition to resources in this Wiki, there is also a special forum for beginners on the HF Underground Message Board where you can ask questions in a friendly environment.<br />
<br />
Click on highlighted text links to learn more about a specific subject. Do not get frustrated if you don't understand all that is presented to you. This page is designed to help you with getting started successfully monitoring HF radio by offering bite sized pieces of information to you.<br />
<br />
Links associated with frequencies (such as 5000 kHz) will take you to an online receiver that is tuned so you have a chance to hear it live. Be sure to visit [http://www.kiwisdr.com/ks/using_Kiwi.html KiwiSDR Operating Information] to learn more about how to operate these online receivers. There is a [http://kiwisdr.com/public/ list] and [http://rx.linkfanel.net/ map] or receivers available to use worldwide. Using an online receiver allows you to try out HF monitoring before investing in your own equipment. They are also helpful if you have limited capabilities to erect a large antenna or if your location has a lot of radio frequency interference.<br />
<br />
<br />
= What Can I Hear? =<br />
<br />
There are a wide variety of things to listen to on HF and it would be impossible to cover them all here. To get a taste for what is available see the examples below to get you started. Much of what is presented here is from a North American perspective but can be helpful to new hobbyists located elsewhere. <br />
<br />
Patience is one of your most important tools. Often times station only broadcast on a limited basis and are not on the air continuously. There are many factors that can help and impede your chances of reception so if you are not successful on your first attempt, keep trying! <br />
<br />
Understanding radio propagation will help you determine what stations you can hear and when you can hear them. Shortwave radio signals can arrive at your receiver from the transmitter in two ways. If you are very close to the transmitter the radio waves will travel across the ground to your receiver (ground wave propagation). If you are farther away the radio waves will bounce off the ionosphere in the atmosphere (sometimes multiple times) before arriving at your receiver (ionospheric propagation or "skip"). Watch this short Youtube video to get a basic understanding of this process. <br />
<br />
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpbmAPo5Gak Understanding Shortwave Propagation for the Beginner]<br />
<br />
Some key factors to remember are:<br />
<br />
- Radio propagation can be forecasted but you can never be 100% certain.<br />
<br />
- The presence of sunspots will significantly enhance radio propagation especially at higher frequencies. The lack of sunspots will reduce propagation.<br />
<br />
- Your location is also important. The propagation at the transmitter site may be completely different from the propagation at the receiver.<br />
<br />
- Time of day is very important. The ionosphere changes during the day and reflects signals of different frequencies at different times.<br />
<br />
Since radio propagation is a natural phenomenon it can be unpredictable. It can also change very quickly. Sometimes propagation is excellent. Sometimes it is very, very poor. The pursuit of the elusive radio signal is the thrill of HF radio monitoring. As you get started in this hobby, start with the easier stations to hear and work upward toward the harder ones. This will hone your listening skills and improve your chances.<br />
<br />
== Easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
<br />
''('''Propagation tip''': night time favors lower frequencies, day time favors higher ones)''<br />
<br />
'''Time stations''' - 24/7 broadcast of accurate time:<br />
<br />
[https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/radio-stations/wwv WWV] [https://tf.nist.gov/stations/wwvh.htm WWVH](US) - 2500 kHz, 5000 kHz, 10000 kHz, 15000 kHz, 20000 kHz (WWV only), 25000 kHz (WWV only) [Show receivers on east coast vs. west coast to emphasize propagation at different locations]<br />
<br />
[https://nrc.canada.ca/en/certifications-evaluations-standards/canadas-official-time/nrc-shortwave-station-broadcasts-chu CHU] (Canada) - 3330 kHz, 7850 kHz, 14670 kHz<br />
<br />
<br />
These time stations are often used by more experienced hobbyists to quickly check propagation in North America and to check to see if their receivers and antennas are functioning properly. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Shortwave Broadcasters'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Amateur (Ham) Radio'''<br />
<br />
Amateur radio operators are people who are licensed to use parts of the HF radio spectrum. Their interests span from technical, emergency communications, or to just having conversations with other stations. There are many [http://www.arrl.org/band-plan amateur radio bands] on HF. Operators also operate many different modes - voice (AM, LSB, USB), digital, Morse Code, etc. Many of these modes can be monitored on online receivers without any special equipment. Some modes require special decoding hardware or software. The easiest to listen to would be voice communications. Here are a couple of examples of frequencies that have regular activity or nets. Again, propagation can affect whether or not stations can be heard or not.<br />
<br />
75 meter band - 3875 kHz, 3885 kHz (AM voice activity)<br />
<br />
40 meter band - 7253 kHz, 7255 kHz (LSB nets)<br />
<br />
20 meter band - Slow Scan TV (SSTV) - 14230 kHz (with SSTV decoder on)<br />
<br />
More details about amateur radio can be found on the [http://www.arrl.org ARRL website].<br />
<br />
<br />
== Moderately easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_radio Pirate radio stations] are stations that broadcast without a license. [add more info]<br />
<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numbers_station Numbers (Spy) Stations] - While more prevalent in the past there are still some stations that are still operating. These stations are rumored to be used by governments to send coded information to their intelligence assets on the ground. You won't be able to decode any of the message but they are nonetheless interesting. A group called [http://www.priyom.org Priyom] operates a website that makes it easier to hear these stations. The website has a schedule of expected transmission and a link that will automatically take you to an online receiver that has a good chance of receiving it.<br />
<br />
== More difficult to hear ==<br />
<br />
Rare, exotic stations are hunted by groups of listeners called DXers. Often they listen for days, weeks, months, or years in the hope of receiving a specific station. A combination of patience, luck, equipment, and propagation can determine whether the elusive station will be heard. These stations can be low power stations that are target a local audience, political clandestine stations that are short lived and operating illegally in their country, or stations that have a very restricted on the air schedule. Sometimes propagation cooperates and allows easier reception of these stations.<br />
<br />
= Where to Listen Online =<br />
<br />
A quick place to start is to use the links supplied [https://www.hfunderground.com/on_the_air/update.php on this page] to go directly to an online receiver tuned to the correct frequency. This is only intended to be an aid and not a guaranteed method of hearing any particular station. Remember that not all stations are on the air 24/7 and propagation will effect whether or not you can receive them.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Other Resources =<br />
<br />
'''Propagation, Time of Day, and Location'''<br />
<br />
Propagation is the study of how signals can get from the transmitter to the receiver and can vary according to the sun, the Earth's atmosphere, frequency, time of day, and your location. All of this adds to the enjoyment and excitement of radio monitoring. At times a very strong reliable station will become weak and a rare weak station can become strong enough to hear. With practice you can use propagation tools to help you predict the best time to hear a station.<br />
<br />
[https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/antennas-propagation/ionospheric/sunspots-cycle-activity.php HF Radio Propagation and Sunspots]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22"Welcome to the Hobby - Start Here"2020-07-01T21:23:05Z<p>Commsigma: </p>
<hr />
<div>This page was created to help those who are interested in the hobby of HF radio monitoring and want to learn more. In addition to resources in this Wiki, there is also a special forum for beginners on the HF Underground Message Board where you can ask questions in a friendly environment.<br />
<br />
Click on highlighted text links to learn more about a specific subject. Do not get frustrated if you don't understand all that is presented to you. This page is designed to help you with getting started successfully monitoring HF radio by offering bite sized pieces of information to you.<br />
<br />
Links associated with frequencies (such as 5000 kHz) will take you to an online receiver that is tuned so you have a chance to hear it live. Be sure to visit [http://www.kiwisdr.com/ks/using_Kiwi.html KiwiSDR Operating Information] to learn more about how to operate these online receivers. There is a [http://kiwisdr.com/public/ list] and [http://rx.linkfanel.net/ map] or receivers available to use worldwide. Using an online receiver allows you to try out HF monitoring before investing in your own equipment. They are also helpful if you have limited capabilities to erect a large antenna or if your location has a lot of radio frequency interference.<br />
<br />
<br />
= What Can I Hear? =<br />
<br />
There are a wide variety of things to listen to on HF and it would be impossible to cover them all here. To get a taste for what is available see the examples below to get you started. Much of what is presented here is from a North American perspective but can be helpful to new hobbyists located elsewhere. <br />
<br />
Patience is one of your most important tools. Often times station only broadcast on a limited basis and are not on the air continuously. There are many factors that can help and impede your chances of reception so if you are not successful on your first attempt, keep trying! <br />
<br />
Understanding radio propagation will help you determine what stations you can hear and when you can hear them. Shortwave radio signals can arrive at your receiver from the transmitter in two ways. If you are very close to the transmitter the radio waves will travel across the ground to your receiver (ground wave propagation). If you are farther away the radio waves will bounce off the ionosphere in the atmosphere (sometimes multiple times) before arriving at your receiver (ionospheric propagation or "skip"). Watch this short Youtube video to get a basic understanding of this process. <br />
<br />
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpbmAPo5Gak Understanding Shortwave Propagation for the Beginner]<br />
<br />
Some key factors to remember are:<br />
<br />
- Radio propagation can be forecasted but you can never be 100% certain.<br />
<br />
- The presence of sunspots will significantly enhance radio propagation especially at higher frequencies. The lack of sunspots will reduce propagation.<br />
<br />
- Your location is also important. The propagation at the transmitter site may be completely different from the propagation at the receiver.<br />
<br />
- Time of day is very important. The ionosphere changes during the day and reflects signals of different frequencies at different times.<br />
<br />
Since radio propagation is a natural phenomenon it can be unpredictable. Sometime propagation is excellent. Sometimes it is very, very poor. The pursuit of the elusive radio signal is the thrill of HF radio monitoring. As you get started in this hobby, start with the easier stations to hear and work upward toward the harder ones. This will hone your listening skills and improve your chances.<br />
<br />
== Easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
<br />
''('''Propagation tip''': night time favors lower frequencies, day time favors higher ones)''<br />
<br />
'''Time stations''' - 24/7 broadcast of accurate time:<br />
<br />
[https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/radio-stations/wwv WWV] [https://tf.nist.gov/stations/wwvh.htm WWVH](US) - 2500 kHz, 5000 kHz, 10000 kHz, 15000 kHz, 20000 kHz (WWV only), 25000 kHz (WWV only) [Show receivers on east coast vs. west coast to emphasize propagation at different locations]<br />
<br />
[https://nrc.canada.ca/en/certifications-evaluations-standards/canadas-official-time/nrc-shortwave-station-broadcasts-chu CHU] (Canada) - 3330 kHz, 7850 kHz, 14670 kHz<br />
<br />
<br />
These time stations are often used by more experienced hobbyists to quickly check propagation in North America and to check to see if their receivers and antennas are functioning properly. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Shortwave Broadcasters'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Amateur (Ham) Radio'''<br />
<br />
Amateur radio operators are people who are licensed to use parts of the HF radio spectrum. Their interests span from technical, emergency communications, or to just having conversations with other stations. There are many [http://www.arrl.org/band-plan amateur radio bands] on HF. Operators also operate many different modes - voice (AM, LSB, USB), digital, Morse Code, etc. Many of these modes can be monitored on online receivers without any special equipment. Some modes require special decoding hardware or software. The easiest to listen to would be voice communications. Here are a couple of examples of frequencies that have regular activity or nets. Again, propagation can affect whether or not stations can be heard or not.<br />
<br />
75 meter band - 3875 kHz, 3885 kHz (AM voice activity)<br />
<br />
40 meter band - 7253 kHz, 7255 kHz (LSB nets)<br />
<br />
20 meter band - Slow Scan TV (SSTV) - 14230 kHz (with SSTV decoder on)<br />
<br />
More details about amateur radio can be found on the [http://www.arrl.org ARRL website].<br />
<br />
<br />
== Moderately easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_radio Pirate radio stations] are stations that broadcast without a license. [add more info]<br />
<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numbers_station Numbers (Spy) Stations] - While more prevalent in the past there are still some stations that are still operating. These stations are rumored to be used by governments to send coded information to their intelligence assets on the ground. You won't be able to decode any of the message but they are nonetheless interesting. A group called [http://www.priyom.org Priyom] operates a website that makes it easier to hear these stations. The website has a schedule of expected transmission and a link that will automatically take you to an online receiver that has a good chance of receiving it.<br />
<br />
== More difficult to hear ==<br />
<br />
Rare, exotic stations are hunted by groups of listeners called DXers. Often they listen for days, weeks, months, or years in the hope of receiving a specific station. A combination of patience, luck, equipment, and propagation can determine whether the elusive station will be heard. These stations can be low power stations that are target a local audience, political clandestine stations that are short lived and operating illegally in their country, or stations that have a very restricted on the air schedule. Sometimes propagation cooperates and allows easier reception of these stations.<br />
<br />
= Where to Listen Online =<br />
<br />
A quick place to start is to use the links supplied [https://www.hfunderground.com/on_the_air/update.php on this page] to go directly to an online receiver tuned to the correct frequency. This is only intended to be an aid and not a guaranteed method of hearing any particular station. Remember that not all stations are on the air 24/7 and propagation will effect whether or not you can receive them.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Other Resources =<br />
<br />
'''Propagation, Time of Day, and Location'''<br />
<br />
Propagation is the study of how signals can get from the transmitter to the receiver and can vary according to the sun, the Earth's atmosphere, frequency, time of day, and your location. All of this adds to the enjoyment and excitement of radio monitoring. At times a very strong reliable station will become weak and a rare weak station can become strong enough to hear. With practice you can use propagation tools to help you predict the best time to hear a station.<br />
<br />
[https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/antennas-propagation/ionospheric/sunspots-cycle-activity.php HF Radio Propagation and Sunspots]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22"Welcome to the Hobby - Start Here"2020-07-01T21:19:51Z<p>Commsigma: /* What Can I Hear? */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page was created to help those who are interested in the hobby of HF radio monitoring and want to learn more. In addition to resources in this Wiki, there is also a special forum for beginners on the HF Underground Message Board where you can ask questions in a friendly environment.<br />
<br />
Click on highlighted text links to learn more about a specific subject. Do not get frustrated if you don't understand all that is presented to you. This page is designed to help you with getting started successfully monitoring HF radio by offering bite sized pieces of information to you.<br />
<br />
Links associated with frequencies (such as 5000 kHz) will take you to an online receiver that is tuned so you have a chance to hear it live. Be sure to visit [http://www.kiwisdr.com/ks/using_Kiwi.html KiwiSDR Operating Information] to learn more about how to operate these online receivers. There is a [http://kiwisdr.com/public/ list] and [http://rx.linkfanel.net/ map] or receivers available to use worldwide. Using an online receiver allows you to try out HF monitoring before investing in your own equipment. They are also helpful if you have limited capabilities to erect a large antenna or if your location has a lot of radio frequency interference.<br />
<br />
<br />
= What Can I Hear? =<br />
<br />
There is a wide variety of things to listen to on HF and it would be impossible to cover them all here. To get a taste for what is available some examples to get your started are below in this section. Much of what is presented here is from a North American perspective but can be helpful to new hobbyists located elsewhere. <br />
<br />
Patience is one of your most important tools. Often times station only broadcast on a limited basis and are not on the air continuously. There are many factors that can help and impede your chances of reception so if you are not successful on your first attempt, keep trying! <br />
<br />
Understanding radio propagation will help you determine what stations you can hear and when you can hear them. Shortwave radio signals can arrive at your receiver from the transmitter in two ways. If you are very close to the transmitter the radio waves will travel across the ground to your receiver (ground wave propagation). If you are farther away the radio waves will bounce off the ionosphere in the atmosphere (sometimes multiple times) before arriving at your receiver (ionospheric propagation or "skip"). Watch this short Youtube video to get a basic understanding of this process. <br />
<br />
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpbmAPo5Gak Understanding Shortwave Propagation for the Beginner]<br />
<br />
Some key factors to remember are:<br />
<br />
- Radio propagation can be forecasted but you can never be 100% certain.<br />
<br />
- The presence of sunspots will significantly enhance radio propagation especially at higher frequencies. The lack of sunspots will reduce propagation.<br />
<br />
- Time of day is very important. The ionosphere changes during the day and reflects signals of different frequencies at different times.<br />
<br />
Since radio propagation is a natural phenomenon it can be unpredictable. Sometime propagation is excellent. Sometimes it is very, very poor. The pursuit of the elusive radio signal is the thrill of HF radio monitoring. As you get started in this hobby, start with the easier stations to hear and work upward toward the harder ones. This will hone your listening skills and improve your chances.<br />
<br />
== Easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
<br />
''('''Propagation tip''': night time favors lower frequencies, day time favors higher ones)''<br />
<br />
'''Time stations''' - 24/7 broadcast of accurate time:<br />
<br />
[https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/radio-stations/wwv WWV] [https://tf.nist.gov/stations/wwvh.htm WWVH](US) - 2500 kHz, 5000 kHz, 10000 kHz, 15000 kHz, 20000 kHz (WWV only), 25000 kHz (WWV only)<br />
<br />
[https://nrc.canada.ca/en/certifications-evaluations-standards/canadas-official-time/nrc-shortwave-station-broadcasts-chu CHU] (Canada) - 3330 kHz, 7850 kHz, 14670 kHz<br />
<br />
<br />
These time stations are often used by more experienced hobbyists to quickly check propagation in North America and to check to see if their receivers and antennas are functioning properly. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Shortwave Broadcasters'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Amateur (Ham) Radio'''<br />
<br />
Amateur radio operators are people who are licensed to use parts of the HF radio spectrum. Their interests span from technical, emergency communications, or to just having conversations with other stations. There are many [http://www.arrl.org/band-plan amateur radio bands] on HF. Operators also operate many different modes - voice (AM, LSB, USB), digital, Morse Code, etc. Many of these modes can be monitored on online receivers without any special equipment. Some modes require special decoding hardware or software. The easiest to listen to would be voice communications. Here are a couple of examples of frequencies that have regular activity or nets. Again, propagation can affect whether or not stations can be heard or not.<br />
<br />
75 meter band - 3875 kHz, 3885 kHz (AM voice activity)<br />
<br />
40 meter band - 7253 kHz, 7255 kHz (LSB nets)<br />
<br />
20 meter band - Slow Scan TV (SSTV) - 14230 kHz (with SSTV decoder on)<br />
<br />
More details about amateur radio can be found on the [http://www.arrl.org ARRL website].<br />
<br />
<br />
== Moderately easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_radio Pirate radio stations] are stations that broadcast without a license. [add more info]<br />
<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numbers_station Numbers (Spy) Stations] - While more prevalent in the past there are still some stations that are still operating. These stations are rumored to be used by governments to send coded information to their intelligence assets on the ground. You won't be able to decode any of the message but they are nonetheless interesting. A group called [http://www.priyom.org Priyom] operates a website that makes it easier to hear these stations. The website has a schedule of expected transmission and a link that will automatically take you to an online receiver that has a good chance of receiving it.<br />
<br />
== More difficult to hear ==<br />
<br />
Rare, exotic stations are hunted by groups of listeners called DXers. Often they listen for days, weeks, months, or years in the hope of receiving a specific station. A combination of patience, luck, equipment, and propagation can determine whether the elusive station will be heard. These stations can be low power stations that are target a local audience, political clandestine stations that are short lived and operating illegally in their country, or stations that have a very restricted on the air schedule. Sometimes propagation cooperates and allows easier reception of these stations.<br />
<br />
= Where to Listen Online =<br />
<br />
A quick place to start is to use the links supplied [https://www.hfunderground.com/on_the_air/update.php on this page] to go directly to an online receiver tuned to the correct frequency. This is only intended to be an aid and not a guaranteed method of hearing any particular station. Remember that not all stations are on the air 24/7 and propagation will effect whether or not you can receive them.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Other Resources =<br />
<br />
'''Propagation, Time of Day, and Location'''<br />
<br />
Propagation is the study of how signals can get from the transmitter to the receiver and can vary according to the sun, the Earth's atmosphere, frequency, time of day, and your location. All of this adds to the enjoyment and excitement of radio monitoring. At times a very strong reliable station will become weak and a rare weak station can become strong enough to hear. With practice you can use propagation tools to help you predict the best time to hear a station.<br />
<br />
[https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/antennas-propagation/ionospheric/sunspots-cycle-activity.php HF Radio Propagation and Sunspots]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22"Welcome to the Hobby - Start Here"2020-07-01T20:14:53Z<p>Commsigma: </p>
<hr />
<div>This page was created to help those who are interested in the hobby of HF radio monitoring and want to learn more. In addition to resources in this Wiki, there is also a special forum for beginners on the HF Underground Message Board where you can ask questions in a friendly environment.<br />
<br />
Click on highlighted text links to learn more about a specific subject. Do not get frustrated if you don't understand all that is presented to you. This page is designed to help you with getting started successfully monitoring HF radio by offering bite sized pieces of information to you.<br />
<br />
Links associated with frequencies (such as 5000 kHz) will take you to an online receiver that is tuned so you have a chance to hear it live. Be sure to visit [http://www.kiwisdr.com/ks/using_Kiwi.html KiwiSDR Operating Information] to learn more about how to operate these online receivers. There is a [http://kiwisdr.com/public/ list] and [http://rx.linkfanel.net/ map] or receivers available to use worldwide. Using an online receiver allows you to try out HF monitoring before investing in your own equipment. They are also helpful if you have limited capabilities to erect a large antenna or if your location has a lot of radio frequency interference.<br />
<br />
<br />
= What Can I Hear? =<br />
<br />
There is such a wide variety of things to listen to on HF it would be impossible to cover them all here. To get a taste for what is available here are some examples starting with the easiest to monitor. Much of what is presented here is from a North American perspective but can be helpful to new hobbyists located elsewhere. <br />
<br />
Patience is one of your most important tools. Often times station only broadcast on a limited basis and are not on the air continuously. There are many factors that can help and impede your chances of reception so if you are not successful on your first attempt, keep trying! Understanding radio propagation will help you determine what stations you can hear and when you can hear them. <br />
<br />
Shortwave radio signals can arrive from the transmitter to your receiver in two ways. If you are very close to the transmitter the radio waves will travel across the ground to your receiver. If you are farther away the radio waves will bounce off the ionosphere in the atmosphere (sometimes multiple times) before arriving at your receiver. Watch this short Youtube video so that you are familiar with this. <br />
<br />
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpbmAPo5Gak Understanding Shortwave Propagation for the Beginner]<br />
<br />
Some key factors to remember are:<br />
<br />
Radio propagation can be predicted but never certain<br />
The presence of sunspots will significantly enhance radio propagation especially at higher frequencies.<br />
Time of day is very important<br />
<br />
== Easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
<br />
''('''Propagation tip''': night time favors lower frequencies, day time favors higher ones)''<br />
<br />
'''Time stations''' - 24/7 broadcast of accurate time:<br />
<br />
[https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/radio-stations/wwv WWV] [https://tf.nist.gov/stations/wwvh.htm WWVH](US) - 2500 kHz, 5000 kHz, 10000 kHz, 15000 kHz, 20000 kHz (WWV only), 25000 kHz (WWV only)<br />
<br />
[https://nrc.canada.ca/en/certifications-evaluations-standards/canadas-official-time/nrc-shortwave-station-broadcasts-chu CHU] (Canada) - 3330 kHz, 7850 kHz, 14670 kHz<br />
<br />
<br />
These time stations are often used by more experienced hobbyists to quickly check propagation in North America and to check to see if their receivers and antennas are functioning properly. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Shortwave Broadcasters'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Amateur (Ham) Radio'''<br />
<br />
Amateur radio operators are people who are licensed to use parts of the HF radio spectrum. Their interests span from technical, emergency communications, or to just having conversations with other stations. There are many [http://www.arrl.org/band-plan amateur radio bands] on HF. Operators also operate many different modes - voice (AM, LSB, USB), digital, Morse Code, etc. Many of these modes can be monitored on online receivers without any special equipment. Some modes require special decoding hardware or software. The easiest to listen to would be voice communications. Here are a couple of examples of frequencies that have regular activity or nets. Again, propagation can affect whether or not stations can be heard or not.<br />
<br />
75 meter band - 3875 kHz, 3885 kHz (AM voice activity)<br />
<br />
40 meter band - 7253 kHz, 7255 kHz (LSB nets)<br />
<br />
20 meter band - Slow Scan TV (SSTV) - 14230 kHz (with SSTV decoder on)<br />
<br />
More details about amateur radio can be found on the [http://www.arrl.org ARRL website].<br />
<br />
<br />
== Moderately easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_radio Pirate radio stations] are stations that broadcast without a license. [add more info]<br />
<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numbers_station Numbers (Spy) Stations] - While more prevalent in the past there are still some stations that are still operating. These stations are rumored to be used by governments to send coded information to their intelligence assets on the ground. You won't be able to decode any of the message but they are nonetheless interesting. A group called [http://www.priyom.org Priyom] operates a website that makes it easier to hear these stations. The website has a schedule of expected transmission and a link that will automatically take you to an online receiver that has a good chance of receiving it.<br />
<br />
== More difficult to hear ==<br />
<br />
Rare, exotic stations are hunted by groups of listeners called DXers. Often they listen for days, weeks, months, or years in the hope of receiving a specific station. A combination of patience, luck, equipment, and propagation can determine whether the elusive station will be heard. These stations can be low power stations that are target a local audience, political clandestine stations that are short lived and operating illegally in their country, or stations that have a very restricted on the air schedule. Sometimes propagation cooperates and allows easier reception of these stations.<br />
<br />
= Where to Listen Online =<br />
<br />
A quick place to start is to use the links supplied [https://www.hfunderground.com/on_the_air/update.php on this page] to go directly to an online receiver tuned to the correct frequency. This is only intended to be an aid and not a guaranteed method of hearing any particular station. Remember that not all stations are on the air 24/7 and propagation will effect whether or not you can receive them.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Other Resources =<br />
<br />
'''Propagation, Time of Day, and Location'''<br />
<br />
Propagation is the study of how signals can get from the transmitter to the receiver and can vary according to the sun, the Earth's atmosphere, frequency, time of day, and your location. All of this adds to the enjoyment and excitement of radio monitoring. At times a very strong reliable station will become weak and a rare weak station can become strong enough to hear. With practice you can use propagation tools to help you predict the best time to hear a station.<br />
<br />
[https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/antennas-propagation/ionospheric/sunspots-cycle-activity.php HF Radio Propagation and Sunspots]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22"Welcome to the Hobby - Start Here"2020-06-30T18:09:10Z<p>Commsigma: /* What Can I Hear? */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page was created to help those who are interested in the hobby of HF radio monitoring and want to learn more. In addition to resources in this Wiki, there is also a special forum for beginners on the HF Underground Message Board where you can ask questions in a friendly environment.<br />
<br />
Click on highlighted text links to learn more about a specific subject. Do not get frustrated if you don't understand all that is presented to you. This page is designed to help you with getting started successfully monitoring HF radio by offering bite sized pieces of information to you.<br />
<br />
Links associated with frequencies (such as 5000 kHz) will take you to an online receiver that is tuned so you have a chance to hear it live. Be sure to visit [http://www.kiwisdr.com/ks/using_Kiwi.html KiwiSDR Operating Information] to learn more about how to operate these online receivers. There is a [http://kiwisdr.com/public/ list] and [http://rx.linkfanel.net/ map] or receivers available to use worldwide. Using an online receiver allows you to try out HF monitoring before investing in your own equipment. They are also helpful if you have limited capabilities to erect a large antenna or if your location has a lot of radio frequency interference.<br />
<br />
<br />
= What Can I Hear? =<br />
<br />
There is such a wide variety of things to listen to on HF it would be impossible to cover them all here. To get a taste for what is available here are some examples starting with the easiest to monitor. Much of what is presented here is from a North American perspective but can be helpful to new hobbyists located elsewhere. <br />
<br />
Please be aware that patience is one of your most important tools. Often times station only broadcast on a limited basis and are not on the air continuously. There are many factors that can help and impede your chances of reception so if you are not successful on your first attempt, keep trying! [Add quick note about propagation]<br />
<br />
== Easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
<br />
''('''Propagation tip''': night time favors lower frequencies, day time favors higher ones)''<br />
<br />
'''Time stations''' - 24/7 broadcast of accurate time:<br />
<br />
[https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/radio-stations/wwv WWV] [https://tf.nist.gov/stations/wwvh.htm WWVH](US) - 2500 kHz, 5000 kHz, 10000 kHz, 15000 kHz, 20000 kHz (WWV only), 25000 kHz (WWV only)<br />
<br />
[https://nrc.canada.ca/en/certifications-evaluations-standards/canadas-official-time/nrc-shortwave-station-broadcasts-chu CHU] (Canada) - 3330 kHz, 7850 kHz, 14670 kHz<br />
<br />
<br />
These time stations are often used by more experienced hobbyists to quickly check propagation in North America and to check to see if their receivers and antennas are functioning properly. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Shortwave Broadcasters'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Amateur (Ham) Radio'''<br />
<br />
Amateur radio operators are people who are licensed to use parts of the HF radio spectrum. Their interests span from technical, emergency communications, or to just having conversations with other stations. There are many [http://www.arrl.org/band-plan amateur radio bands] on HF. Operators also operate many different modes - voice (AM, LSB, USB), digital, Morse Code, etc. Many of these modes can be monitored on online receivers without any special equipment. Some modes require special decoding hardware or software. The easiest to listen to would be voice communications. Here are a couple of examples of frequencies that have regular activity or nets. Again, propagation can affect whether or not stations can be heard or not.<br />
<br />
75 meter band - 3875 kHz, 3885 kHz (AM voice activity)<br />
<br />
40 meter band - 7253 kHz, 7255 kHz (LSB nets)<br />
<br />
20 meter band - Slow Scan TV (SSTV) - 14230 kHz (with SSTV decoder on)<br />
<br />
More details about amateur radio can be found on the [http://www.arrl.org ARRL website].<br />
<br />
<br />
== Moderately easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_radio Pirate radio stations] are stations that broadcast without a license. [add more info]<br />
<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numbers_station Numbers (Spy) Stations] - While more prevalent in the past there are still some stations that are still operating. These stations are rumored to be used by governments to send coded information to their intelligence assets on the ground. You won't be able to decode any of the message but they are nonetheless interesting. A group called [http://www.priyom.org Priyom] operates a website that makes it easier to hear these stations. The website has a schedule of expected transmission and a link that will automatically take you to an online receiver that has a good chance of receiving it.<br />
<br />
== More difficult to hear ==<br />
<br />
Rare, exotic stations are hunted by groups of listeners called DXers. Often they listen for days, weeks, months, or years in the hope of receiving a specific station. A combination of patience, luck, equipment, and propagation can determine whether the elusive station will be heard. These stations can be low power stations that are target a local audience, political clandestine stations that are short lived and operating illegally in their country, or stations that have a very restricted on the air schedule. Sometimes propagation cooperates and allows easier reception of these stations.<br />
<br />
= Where to Listen Online =<br />
<br />
A quick place to start is to use the links supplied [https://www.hfunderground.com/on_the_air/update.php on this page] to go directly to an online receiver tuned to the correct frequency. This is only intended to be an aid and not a guaranteed method of hearing any particular station. Remember that not all stations are on the air 24/7 and propagation will effect whether or not you can receive them.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Other Resources =<br />
<br />
'''Propagation, Time of Day, and Location'''<br />
<br />
Propagation is the study of how signals can get from the transmitter to the receiver and can vary according to the sun, the Earth's atmosphere, frequency, time of day, and your location. All of this adds to the enjoyment and excitement of radio monitoring. At times a very strong reliable station will become weak and a rare weak station can become strong enough to hear. With practice you can use propagation tools to help you predict the best time to hear a station.<br />
<br />
[https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/antennas-propagation/ionospheric/sunspots-cycle-activity.php HF Radio Propagation and Sunspots]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22"Welcome to the Hobby - Start Here"2020-06-30T18:03:16Z<p>Commsigma: /* What Can I Hear? */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page was created to help those who are interested in the hobby of HF radio monitoring and want to learn more. In addition to resources in this Wiki, there is also a special forum for beginners on the HF Underground Message Board where you can ask questions in a friendly environment.<br />
<br />
Click on highlighted text links to learn more about a specific subject. Do not get frustrated if you don't understand all that is presented to you. This page is designed to help you with getting started successfully monitoring HF radio by offering bite sized pieces of information to you.<br />
<br />
Links associated with frequencies (such as 5000 kHz) will take you to an online receiver that is tuned so you have a chance to hear it live. Be sure to visit [http://www.kiwisdr.com/ks/using_Kiwi.html KiwiSDR Operating Information] to learn more about how to operate these online receivers. There is a [http://kiwisdr.com/public/ list] and [http://rx.linkfanel.net/ map] or receivers available to use worldwide. Using an online receiver allows you to try out HF monitoring before investing in your own equipment. They are also helpful if you have limited capabilities to erect a large antenna or if your location has a lot of radio frequency interference.<br />
<br />
<br />
= What Can I Hear? =<br />
<br />
There is such a wide variety of things to listen to on HF it would be impossible to cover them all here. To get a taste for what is available here are some examples starting with the easiest to monitor. Please be aware that patience is one of your most important tools. Often times station only broadcast on a limited basis and are not on the air continuously. There are many factors that can help and impede your chances of reception so if you are not successful on your first attempt, keep trying!<br />
<br />
[Add quick info about propagation]<br />
<br />
== Easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
<br />
''('''Propagation tip''': night time favors lower frequencies, day time favors higher ones)''<br />
<br />
'''Time stations''' - 24/7 broadcast of accurate time:<br />
<br />
[https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/radio-stations/wwv WWV] [https://tf.nist.gov/stations/wwvh.htm WWVH](US) - 2500 kHz, 5000 kHz, 10000 kHz, 15000 kHz, 20000 kHz (WWV only), 25000 kHz (WWV only)<br />
<br />
[https://nrc.canada.ca/en/certifications-evaluations-standards/canadas-official-time/nrc-shortwave-station-broadcasts-chu CHU] (Canada) - 3330 kHz, 7850 kHz, 14670 kHz<br />
<br />
<br />
These time stations are often used by more experienced hobbyists to quickly check propagation in North America and to check to see if their receivers and antennas are functioning properly. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Shortwave Broadcasters'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Amateur (Ham) Radio'''<br />
<br />
Amateur radio operators are people who are licensed to use parts of the HF radio spectrum. Their operation and interest span from technical to having conversations with distant stations. There are many [http://www.arrl.org/band-plan amateur radio bands] on HF. Operators also operate many different modes - voice (AM, LSB, USB), digital, Morse Code, etc. Many of these modes can be monitored on online receivers without any special equipment. Some modes require special decoding hardware or software. The easiest to listen to would be voice communications. Here are a couple of examples of frequencies that have regular activity or nets. Again, propagation can affect whether or not stations can be heard or not.<br />
<br />
75 meter - 3875 kHz, 3885 kHz (AM voice activity)<br />
<br />
40 meter - 7253 kHz, 7255 kHz (LSB nets)<br />
<br />
20 meters - Slow Scan TV (SSTV) - 14230 kHz (with SSTV decoder on)<br />
<br />
More details about amateur radio can be found on the [http://www.arrl.org ARRL website].<br />
<br />
<br />
== Moderately easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_radio Pirate radio stations] are stations that broadcast without a license. [add more info]<br />
<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numbers_station Numbers (Spy) Stations] - While more prevalent in the past there are still some stations that are still operating. These stations are rumored to be used by governments to send coded information to their intelligence assets on the ground. You won't be able to decode any of the message but they are nonetheless interesting. A group called [http://www.priyom.org Priyom] operates a website that makes it easier to hear these stations. The website has a schedule of expected transmission and a link that will automatically take you to an online receiver that has a good chance of receiving it.<br />
<br />
== More difficult to hear ==<br />
<br />
Rare, exotic stations are hunted by groups of listeners called DXers. Often they listen for days, weeks, months, or years in the hope of receiving a specific station. A combination of patience, luck, equipment, and propagation can determine whether the elusive station will be heard. These stations can be low power stations that are target a local audience, political clandestine stations that are short lived and operating illegally in their country, or stations that have a very restricted on the air schedule. Sometimes propagation cooperates and allows easier reception of these stations.<br />
<br />
= Where to Listen Online =<br />
<br />
A quick place to start is to use the links supplied [https://www.hfunderground.com/on_the_air/update.php on this page] to go directly to an online receiver tuned to the correct frequency. This is only intended to be an aid and not a guaranteed method of hearing any particular station. Remember that not all stations are on the air 24/7 and propagation will effect whether or not you can receive them.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Other Resources =<br />
<br />
'''Propagation, Time of Day, and Location'''<br />
<br />
Propagation is the study of how signals can get from the transmitter to the receiver and can vary according to the sun, the Earth's atmosphere, frequency, time of day, and your location. All of this adds to the enjoyment and excitement of radio monitoring. At times a very strong reliable station will become weak and a rare weak station can become strong enough to hear. With practice you can use propagation tools to help you predict the best time to hear a station.<br />
<br />
[https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/antennas-propagation/ionospheric/sunspots-cycle-activity.php HF Radio Propagation and Sunspots]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22"Welcome to the Hobby - Start Here"2020-06-30T18:02:36Z<p>Commsigma: /* Other Resources */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page was created to help those who are interested in the hobby of HF radio monitoring and want to learn more. In addition to resources in this Wiki, there is also a special forum for beginners on the HF Underground Message Board where you can ask questions in a friendly environment.<br />
<br />
Click on highlighted text links to learn more about a specific subject. Do not get frustrated if you don't understand all that is presented to you. This page is designed to help you with getting started successfully monitoring HF radio by offering bite sized pieces of information to you.<br />
<br />
Links associated with frequencies (such as 5000 kHz) will take you to an online receiver that is tuned so you have a chance to hear it live. Be sure to visit [http://www.kiwisdr.com/ks/using_Kiwi.html KiwiSDR Operating Information] to learn more about how to operate these online receivers. There is a [http://kiwisdr.com/public/ list] and [http://rx.linkfanel.net/ map] or receivers available to use worldwide. Using an online receiver allows you to try out HF monitoring before investing in your own equipment. They are also helpful if you have limited capabilities to erect a large antenna or if your location has a lot of radio frequency interference.<br />
<br />
<br />
= What Can I Hear? =<br />
<br />
There is such a wide variety of things to listen to on HF it would be impossible to cover them all here. To get a taste for what is available here are some examples starting with the easiest to monitor. Please be aware that patience is one of your most important tools. Often times station only broadcast on a limited basis and are not on the air continuously. There are many factors that can help and impede your chances of reception so if you are not successful on your first attempt, keep trying!<br />
<br />
== Easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
<br />
''('''Propagation tip''': night time favors lower frequencies, day time favors higher ones)''<br />
<br />
'''Time stations''' - 24/7 broadcast of accurate time:<br />
<br />
[https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/radio-stations/wwv WWV] [https://tf.nist.gov/stations/wwvh.htm WWVH](US) - 2500 kHz, 5000 kHz, 10000 kHz, 15000 kHz, 20000 kHz (WWV only), 25000 kHz (WWV only)<br />
<br />
[https://nrc.canada.ca/en/certifications-evaluations-standards/canadas-official-time/nrc-shortwave-station-broadcasts-chu CHU] (Canada) - 3330 kHz, 7850 kHz, 14670 kHz<br />
<br />
<br />
These time stations are often used by more experienced hobbyists to quickly check propagation in North America and to check to see if their receivers and antennas are functioning properly. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Shortwave Broadcasters'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Amateur (Ham) Radio'''<br />
<br />
Amateur radio operators are people who are licensed to use parts of the HF radio spectrum. Their operation and interest span from technical to having conversations with distant stations. There are many [http://www.arrl.org/band-plan amateur radio bands] on HF. Operators also operate many different modes - voice (AM, LSB, USB), digital, Morse Code, etc. Many of these modes can be monitored on online receivers without any special equipment. Some modes require special decoding hardware or software. The easiest to listen to would be voice communications. Here are a couple of examples of frequencies that have regular activity or nets. Again, propagation can affect whether or not stations can be heard or not.<br />
<br />
75 meter - 3875 kHz, 3885 kHz (AM voice activity)<br />
<br />
40 meter - 7253 kHz, 7255 kHz (LSB nets)<br />
<br />
20 meters - Slow Scan TV (SSTV) - 14230 kHz (with SSTV decoder on)<br />
<br />
More details about amateur radio can be found on the [http://www.arrl.org ARRL website].<br />
<br />
<br />
== Moderately easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_radio Pirate radio stations] are stations that broadcast without a license. [add more info]<br />
<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numbers_station Numbers (Spy) Stations] - While more prevalent in the past there are still some stations that are still operating. These stations are rumored to be used by governments to send coded information to their intelligence assets on the ground. You won't be able to decode any of the message but they are nonetheless interesting. A group called [http://www.priyom.org Priyom] operates a website that makes it easier to hear these stations. The website has a schedule of expected transmission and a link that will automatically take you to an online receiver that has a good chance of receiving it.<br />
<br />
== More difficult to hear ==<br />
<br />
Rare, exotic stations are hunted by groups of listeners called DXers. Often they listen for days, weeks, months, or years in the hope of receiving a specific station. A combination of patience, luck, equipment, and propagation can determine whether the elusive station will be heard. These stations can be low power stations that are target a local audience, political clandestine stations that are short lived and operating illegally in their country, or stations that have a very restricted on the air schedule. Sometimes propagation cooperates and allows easier reception of these stations.<br />
<br />
= Where to Listen Online =<br />
<br />
A quick place to start is to use the links supplied [https://www.hfunderground.com/on_the_air/update.php on this page] to go directly to an online receiver tuned to the correct frequency. This is only intended to be an aid and not a guaranteed method of hearing any particular station. Remember that not all stations are on the air 24/7 and propagation will effect whether or not you can receive them.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Other Resources =<br />
<br />
'''Propagation, Time of Day, and Location'''<br />
<br />
Propagation is the study of how signals can get from the transmitter to the receiver and can vary according to the sun, the Earth's atmosphere, frequency, time of day, and your location. All of this adds to the enjoyment and excitement of radio monitoring. At times a very strong reliable station will become weak and a rare weak station can become strong enough to hear. With practice you can use propagation tools to help you predict the best time to hear a station.<br />
<br />
[https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/antennas-propagation/ionospheric/sunspots-cycle-activity.php HF Radio Propagation and Sunspots]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22"Welcome to the Hobby - Start Here"2020-06-30T18:02:22Z<p>Commsigma: /* Other Resources */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page was created to help those who are interested in the hobby of HF radio monitoring and want to learn more. In addition to resources in this Wiki, there is also a special forum for beginners on the HF Underground Message Board where you can ask questions in a friendly environment.<br />
<br />
Click on highlighted text links to learn more about a specific subject. Do not get frustrated if you don't understand all that is presented to you. This page is designed to help you with getting started successfully monitoring HF radio by offering bite sized pieces of information to you.<br />
<br />
Links associated with frequencies (such as 5000 kHz) will take you to an online receiver that is tuned so you have a chance to hear it live. Be sure to visit [http://www.kiwisdr.com/ks/using_Kiwi.html KiwiSDR Operating Information] to learn more about how to operate these online receivers. There is a [http://kiwisdr.com/public/ list] and [http://rx.linkfanel.net/ map] or receivers available to use worldwide. Using an online receiver allows you to try out HF monitoring before investing in your own equipment. They are also helpful if you have limited capabilities to erect a large antenna or if your location has a lot of radio frequency interference.<br />
<br />
<br />
= What Can I Hear? =<br />
<br />
There is such a wide variety of things to listen to on HF it would be impossible to cover them all here. To get a taste for what is available here are some examples starting with the easiest to monitor. Please be aware that patience is one of your most important tools. Often times station only broadcast on a limited basis and are not on the air continuously. There are many factors that can help and impede your chances of reception so if you are not successful on your first attempt, keep trying!<br />
<br />
== Easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
<br />
''('''Propagation tip''': night time favors lower frequencies, day time favors higher ones)''<br />
<br />
'''Time stations''' - 24/7 broadcast of accurate time:<br />
<br />
[https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/radio-stations/wwv WWV] [https://tf.nist.gov/stations/wwvh.htm WWVH](US) - 2500 kHz, 5000 kHz, 10000 kHz, 15000 kHz, 20000 kHz (WWV only), 25000 kHz (WWV only)<br />
<br />
[https://nrc.canada.ca/en/certifications-evaluations-standards/canadas-official-time/nrc-shortwave-station-broadcasts-chu CHU] (Canada) - 3330 kHz, 7850 kHz, 14670 kHz<br />
<br />
<br />
These time stations are often used by more experienced hobbyists to quickly check propagation in North America and to check to see if their receivers and antennas are functioning properly. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Shortwave Broadcasters'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Amateur (Ham) Radio'''<br />
<br />
Amateur radio operators are people who are licensed to use parts of the HF radio spectrum. Their operation and interest span from technical to having conversations with distant stations. There are many [http://www.arrl.org/band-plan amateur radio bands] on HF. Operators also operate many different modes - voice (AM, LSB, USB), digital, Morse Code, etc. Many of these modes can be monitored on online receivers without any special equipment. Some modes require special decoding hardware or software. The easiest to listen to would be voice communications. Here are a couple of examples of frequencies that have regular activity or nets. Again, propagation can affect whether or not stations can be heard or not.<br />
<br />
75 meter - 3875 kHz, 3885 kHz (AM voice activity)<br />
<br />
40 meter - 7253 kHz, 7255 kHz (LSB nets)<br />
<br />
20 meters - Slow Scan TV (SSTV) - 14230 kHz (with SSTV decoder on)<br />
<br />
More details about amateur radio can be found on the [http://www.arrl.org ARRL website].<br />
<br />
<br />
== Moderately easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_radio Pirate radio stations] are stations that broadcast without a license. [add more info]<br />
<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numbers_station Numbers (Spy) Stations] - While more prevalent in the past there are still some stations that are still operating. These stations are rumored to be used by governments to send coded information to their intelligence assets on the ground. You won't be able to decode any of the message but they are nonetheless interesting. A group called [http://www.priyom.org Priyom] operates a website that makes it easier to hear these stations. The website has a schedule of expected transmission and a link that will automatically take you to an online receiver that has a good chance of receiving it.<br />
<br />
== More difficult to hear ==<br />
<br />
Rare, exotic stations are hunted by groups of listeners called DXers. Often they listen for days, weeks, months, or years in the hope of receiving a specific station. A combination of patience, luck, equipment, and propagation can determine whether the elusive station will be heard. These stations can be low power stations that are target a local audience, political clandestine stations that are short lived and operating illegally in their country, or stations that have a very restricted on the air schedule. Sometimes propagation cooperates and allows easier reception of these stations.<br />
<br />
= Where to Listen Online =<br />
<br />
A quick place to start is to use the links supplied [https://www.hfunderground.com/on_the_air/update.php on this page] to go directly to an online receiver tuned to the correct frequency. This is only intended to be an aid and not a guaranteed method of hearing any particular station. Remember that not all stations are on the air 24/7 and propagation will effect whether or not you can receive them.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Other Resources =<br />
<br />
Propagation, Time of Day, and Location<br />
<br />
Propagation is the study of how signals can get from the transmitter to the receiver and can vary according to the sun, the Earth's atmosphere, frequency, time of day, and your location. All of this adds to the enjoyment and excitement of radio monitoring. At times a very strong reliable station will become weak and a rare weak station can become strong enough to hear. With practice you can use propagation tools to help you predict the best time to hear a station.<br />
<br />
[https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/antennas-propagation/ionospheric/sunspots-cycle-activity.php HF Radio Propagation and Sunspots]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22"Welcome to the Hobby - Start Here"2020-06-30T18:01:49Z<p>Commsigma: /* Moderately easy to hear */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page was created to help those who are interested in the hobby of HF radio monitoring and want to learn more. In addition to resources in this Wiki, there is also a special forum for beginners on the HF Underground Message Board where you can ask questions in a friendly environment.<br />
<br />
Click on highlighted text links to learn more about a specific subject. Do not get frustrated if you don't understand all that is presented to you. This page is designed to help you with getting started successfully monitoring HF radio by offering bite sized pieces of information to you.<br />
<br />
Links associated with frequencies (such as 5000 kHz) will take you to an online receiver that is tuned so you have a chance to hear it live. Be sure to visit [http://www.kiwisdr.com/ks/using_Kiwi.html KiwiSDR Operating Information] to learn more about how to operate these online receivers. There is a [http://kiwisdr.com/public/ list] and [http://rx.linkfanel.net/ map] or receivers available to use worldwide. Using an online receiver allows you to try out HF monitoring before investing in your own equipment. They are also helpful if you have limited capabilities to erect a large antenna or if your location has a lot of radio frequency interference.<br />
<br />
<br />
= What Can I Hear? =<br />
<br />
There is such a wide variety of things to listen to on HF it would be impossible to cover them all here. To get a taste for what is available here are some examples starting with the easiest to monitor. Please be aware that patience is one of your most important tools. Often times station only broadcast on a limited basis and are not on the air continuously. There are many factors that can help and impede your chances of reception so if you are not successful on your first attempt, keep trying!<br />
<br />
== Easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
<br />
''('''Propagation tip''': night time favors lower frequencies, day time favors higher ones)''<br />
<br />
'''Time stations''' - 24/7 broadcast of accurate time:<br />
<br />
[https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/radio-stations/wwv WWV] [https://tf.nist.gov/stations/wwvh.htm WWVH](US) - 2500 kHz, 5000 kHz, 10000 kHz, 15000 kHz, 20000 kHz (WWV only), 25000 kHz (WWV only)<br />
<br />
[https://nrc.canada.ca/en/certifications-evaluations-standards/canadas-official-time/nrc-shortwave-station-broadcasts-chu CHU] (Canada) - 3330 kHz, 7850 kHz, 14670 kHz<br />
<br />
<br />
These time stations are often used by more experienced hobbyists to quickly check propagation in North America and to check to see if their receivers and antennas are functioning properly. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Shortwave Broadcasters'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Amateur (Ham) Radio'''<br />
<br />
Amateur radio operators are people who are licensed to use parts of the HF radio spectrum. Their operation and interest span from technical to having conversations with distant stations. There are many [http://www.arrl.org/band-plan amateur radio bands] on HF. Operators also operate many different modes - voice (AM, LSB, USB), digital, Morse Code, etc. Many of these modes can be monitored on online receivers without any special equipment. Some modes require special decoding hardware or software. The easiest to listen to would be voice communications. Here are a couple of examples of frequencies that have regular activity or nets. Again, propagation can affect whether or not stations can be heard or not.<br />
<br />
75 meter - 3875 kHz, 3885 kHz (AM voice activity)<br />
<br />
40 meter - 7253 kHz, 7255 kHz (LSB nets)<br />
<br />
20 meters - Slow Scan TV (SSTV) - 14230 kHz (with SSTV decoder on)<br />
<br />
More details about amateur radio can be found on the [http://www.arrl.org ARRL website].<br />
<br />
<br />
== Moderately easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_radio Pirate radio stations] are stations that broadcast without a license. [add more info]<br />
<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numbers_station Numbers (Spy) Stations] - While more prevalent in the past there are still some stations that are still operating. These stations are rumored to be used by governments to send coded information to their intelligence assets on the ground. You won't be able to decode any of the message but they are nonetheless interesting. A group called [http://www.priyom.org Priyom] operates a website that makes it easier to hear these stations. The website has a schedule of expected transmission and a link that will automatically take you to an online receiver that has a good chance of receiving it.<br />
<br />
== More difficult to hear ==<br />
<br />
Rare, exotic stations are hunted by groups of listeners called DXers. Often they listen for days, weeks, months, or years in the hope of receiving a specific station. A combination of patience, luck, equipment, and propagation can determine whether the elusive station will be heard. These stations can be low power stations that are target a local audience, political clandestine stations that are short lived and operating illegally in their country, or stations that have a very restricted on the air schedule. Sometimes propagation cooperates and allows easier reception of these stations.<br />
<br />
= Where to Listen Online =<br />
<br />
A quick place to start is to use the links supplied [https://www.hfunderground.com/on_the_air/update.php on this page] to go directly to an online receiver tuned to the correct frequency. This is only intended to be an aid and not a guaranteed method of hearing any particular station. Remember that not all stations are on the air 24/7 and propagation will effect whether or not you can receive them.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Other Resources =<br />
<br />
* Propagation, Time of Day, and Location<br />
<br />
Propagation is the study of how signals can get from the transmitter to the receiver and can vary according to the sun, the Earth's atmosphere, frequency, time of day, and your location. All of this adds to the enjoyment and excitement of radio monitoring. At times a very strong reliable station will become weak and a rare weak station can become strong enough to hear. With practice you can use propagation tools to help you predict the best time to hear a station.<br />
<br />
[https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/antennas-propagation/ionospheric/sunspots-cycle-activity.php HF Radio Propagation and Sunspots]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22"Welcome to the Hobby - Start Here"2020-06-30T18:01:01Z<p>Commsigma: /* What Can I Hear? */</p>
<hr />
<div>This page was created to help those who are interested in the hobby of HF radio monitoring and want to learn more. In addition to resources in this Wiki, there is also a special forum for beginners on the HF Underground Message Board where you can ask questions in a friendly environment.<br />
<br />
Click on highlighted text links to learn more about a specific subject. Do not get frustrated if you don't understand all that is presented to you. This page is designed to help you with getting started successfully monitoring HF radio by offering bite sized pieces of information to you.<br />
<br />
Links associated with frequencies (such as 5000 kHz) will take you to an online receiver that is tuned so you have a chance to hear it live. Be sure to visit [http://www.kiwisdr.com/ks/using_Kiwi.html KiwiSDR Operating Information] to learn more about how to operate these online receivers. There is a [http://kiwisdr.com/public/ list] and [http://rx.linkfanel.net/ map] or receivers available to use worldwide. Using an online receiver allows you to try out HF monitoring before investing in your own equipment. They are also helpful if you have limited capabilities to erect a large antenna or if your location has a lot of radio frequency interference.<br />
<br />
<br />
= What Can I Hear? =<br />
<br />
There is such a wide variety of things to listen to on HF it would be impossible to cover them all here. To get a taste for what is available here are some examples starting with the easiest to monitor. Please be aware that patience is one of your most important tools. Often times station only broadcast on a limited basis and are not on the air continuously. There are many factors that can help and impede your chances of reception so if you are not successful on your first attempt, keep trying!<br />
<br />
== Easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
<br />
''('''Propagation tip''': night time favors lower frequencies, day time favors higher ones)''<br />
<br />
'''Time stations''' - 24/7 broadcast of accurate time:<br />
<br />
[https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/radio-stations/wwv WWV] [https://tf.nist.gov/stations/wwvh.htm WWVH](US) - 2500 kHz, 5000 kHz, 10000 kHz, 15000 kHz, 20000 kHz (WWV only), 25000 kHz (WWV only)<br />
<br />
[https://nrc.canada.ca/en/certifications-evaluations-standards/canadas-official-time/nrc-shortwave-station-broadcasts-chu CHU] (Canada) - 3330 kHz, 7850 kHz, 14670 kHz<br />
<br />
<br />
These time stations are often used by more experienced hobbyists to quickly check propagation in North America and to check to see if their receivers and antennas are functioning properly. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Shortwave Broadcasters'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Amateur (Ham) Radio'''<br />
<br />
Amateur radio operators are people who are licensed to use parts of the HF radio spectrum. Their operation and interest span from technical to having conversations with distant stations. There are many [http://www.arrl.org/band-plan amateur radio bands] on HF. Operators also operate many different modes - voice (AM, LSB, USB), digital, Morse Code, etc. Many of these modes can be monitored on online receivers without any special equipment. Some modes require special decoding hardware or software. The easiest to listen to would be voice communications. Here are a couple of examples of frequencies that have regular activity or nets. Again, propagation can affect whether or not stations can be heard or not.<br />
<br />
75 meter - 3875 kHz, 3885 kHz (AM voice activity)<br />
<br />
40 meter - 7253 kHz, 7255 kHz (LSB nets)<br />
<br />
20 meters - Slow Scan TV (SSTV) - 14230 kHz (with SSTV decoder on)<br />
<br />
More details about amateur radio can be found on the [http://www.arrl.org ARRL website].<br />
<br />
<br />
== Moderately easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_radio Pirate radio stations] are stations that broadcast without a license. [add more info]<br />
<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numbers_station Numbers (Spy) Stations] - While more prevalent in the past there are still some stations that are still operating. These stations are rumored to be used by governments to send coded information to their intelligence assets on the ground. You won't be able to decode any of the message but they are nonetheless interesting. A group called Priyom operates a website that makes it easier to hear these stations. The website has a schedule of expected transmission and a link that will automatically take you to an online receiver that has a good chance of receiving it. <br />
<br />
<br />
== More difficult to hear ==<br />
<br />
Rare, exotic stations are hunted by groups of listeners called DXers. Often they listen for days, weeks, months, or years in the hope of receiving a specific station. A combination of patience, luck, equipment, and propagation can determine whether the elusive station will be heard. These stations can be low power stations that are target a local audience, political clandestine stations that are short lived and operating illegally in their country, or stations that have a very restricted on the air schedule. Sometimes propagation cooperates and allows easier reception of these stations.<br />
<br />
= Where to Listen Online =<br />
<br />
A quick place to start is to use the links supplied [https://www.hfunderground.com/on_the_air/update.php on this page] to go directly to an online receiver tuned to the correct frequency. This is only intended to be an aid and not a guaranteed method of hearing any particular station. Remember that not all stations are on the air 24/7 and propagation will effect whether or not you can receive them.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Other Resources =<br />
<br />
* Propagation, Time of Day, and Location<br />
<br />
Propagation is the study of how signals can get from the transmitter to the receiver and can vary according to the sun, the Earth's atmosphere, frequency, time of day, and your location. All of this adds to the enjoyment and excitement of radio monitoring. At times a very strong reliable station will become weak and a rare weak station can become strong enough to hear. With practice you can use propagation tools to help you predict the best time to hear a station.<br />
<br />
[https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/antennas-propagation/ionospheric/sunspots-cycle-activity.php HF Radio Propagation and Sunspots]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22"Welcome to the Hobby - Start Here"2020-06-30T18:00:42Z<p>Commsigma: </p>
<hr />
<div>This page was created to help those who are interested in the hobby of HF radio monitoring and want to learn more. In addition to resources in this Wiki, there is also a special forum for beginners on the HF Underground Message Board where you can ask questions in a friendly environment.<br />
<br />
Click on highlighted text links to learn more about a specific subject. Do not get frustrated if you don't understand all that is presented to you. This page is designed to help you with getting started successfully monitoring HF radio by offering bite sized pieces of information to you.<br />
<br />
Links associated with frequencies (such as 5000 kHz) will take you to an online receiver that is tuned so you have a chance to hear it live. Be sure to visit [http://www.kiwisdr.com/ks/using_Kiwi.html KiwiSDR Operating Information] to learn more about how to operate these online receivers. There is a [http://kiwisdr.com/public/ list] and [http://rx.linkfanel.net/ map] or receivers available to use worldwide. Using an online receiver allows you to try out HF monitoring before investing in your own equipment. They are also helpful if you have limited capabilities to erect a large antenna or if your location has a lot of radio frequency interference.<br />
<br />
<br />
= What Can I Hear? =<br />
<br />
There is such a wide variety of things to listen to on HF it would be impossible to cover them all here. To get a taste for what is available to you here are some examples starting with the easiest to monitor. Please be aware that patience is one of your most important tools. Often times station only broadcast on a limited basis and are not on the air continuously. There are many factors that can help and impede your chances of reception so if you are not successful on your first attempt, keep trying!<br />
<br />
== Easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
<br />
''('''Propagation tip''': night time favors lower frequencies, day time favors higher ones)''<br />
<br />
'''Time stations''' - 24/7 broadcast of accurate time:<br />
<br />
[https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/radio-stations/wwv WWV] [https://tf.nist.gov/stations/wwvh.htm WWVH](US) - 2500 kHz, 5000 kHz, 10000 kHz, 15000 kHz, 20000 kHz (WWV only), 25000 kHz (WWV only)<br />
<br />
[https://nrc.canada.ca/en/certifications-evaluations-standards/canadas-official-time/nrc-shortwave-station-broadcasts-chu CHU] (Canada) - 3330 kHz, 7850 kHz, 14670 kHz<br />
<br />
<br />
These time stations are often used by more experienced hobbyists to quickly check propagation in North America and to check to see if their receivers and antennas are functioning properly. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Shortwave Broadcasters'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Amateur (Ham) Radio'''<br />
<br />
Amateur radio operators are people who are licensed to use parts of the HF radio spectrum. Their operation and interest span from technical to having conversations with distant stations. There are many [http://www.arrl.org/band-plan amateur radio bands] on HF. Operators also operate many different modes - voice (AM, LSB, USB), digital, Morse Code, etc. Many of these modes can be monitored on online receivers without any special equipment. Some modes require special decoding hardware or software. The easiest to listen to would be voice communications. Here are a couple of examples of frequencies that have regular activity or nets. Again, propagation can affect whether or not stations can be heard or not.<br />
<br />
75 meter - 3875 kHz, 3885 kHz (AM voice activity)<br />
<br />
40 meter - 7253 kHz, 7255 kHz (LSB nets)<br />
<br />
20 meters - Slow Scan TV (SSTV) - 14230 kHz (with SSTV decoder on)<br />
<br />
More details about amateur radio can be found on the [http://www.arrl.org ARRL website].<br />
<br />
<br />
== Moderately easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_radio Pirate radio stations] are stations that broadcast without a license. [add more info]<br />
<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numbers_station Numbers (Spy) Stations] - While more prevalent in the past there are still some stations that are still operating. These stations are rumored to be used by governments to send coded information to their intelligence assets on the ground. You won't be able to decode any of the message but they are nonetheless interesting. A group called Priyom operates a website that makes it easier to hear these stations. The website has a schedule of expected transmission and a link that will automatically take you to an online receiver that has a good chance of receiving it. <br />
<br />
<br />
== More difficult to hear ==<br />
<br />
Rare, exotic stations are hunted by groups of listeners called DXers. Often they listen for days, weeks, months, or years in the hope of receiving a specific station. A combination of patience, luck, equipment, and propagation can determine whether the elusive station will be heard. These stations can be low power stations that are target a local audience, political clandestine stations that are short lived and operating illegally in their country, or stations that have a very restricted on the air schedule. Sometimes propagation cooperates and allows easier reception of these stations. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
= Where to Listen Online =<br />
<br />
A quick place to start is to use the links supplied [https://www.hfunderground.com/on_the_air/update.php on this page] to go directly to an online receiver tuned to the correct frequency. This is only intended to be an aid and not a guaranteed method of hearing any particular station. Remember that not all stations are on the air 24/7 and propagation will effect whether or not you can receive them.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Other Resources =<br />
<br />
* Propagation, Time of Day, and Location<br />
<br />
Propagation is the study of how signals can get from the transmitter to the receiver and can vary according to the sun, the Earth's atmosphere, frequency, time of day, and your location. All of this adds to the enjoyment and excitement of radio monitoring. At times a very strong reliable station will become weak and a rare weak station can become strong enough to hear. With practice you can use propagation tools to help you predict the best time to hear a station.<br />
<br />
[https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/antennas-propagation/ionospheric/sunspots-cycle-activity.php HF Radio Propagation and Sunspots]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22"Welcome to the Hobby - Start Here"2020-06-30T17:59:05Z<p>Commsigma: </p>
<hr />
<div>This page was created to help those who are interested in the hobby of HF radio monitoring and want to learn more. In addition to resources in this Wiki, there is also a special forum for beginners on the HF Underground Message Board where you can ask questions in a friendly environment.<br />
<br />
Click on highlighted text links to learn more about a specific subject. Do not get frustrated if you don't understand all that is presented to you. This page is designed to help you with getting started successfully monitoring HF radio.<br />
<br />
Links associated with frequencies (such as 5000 kHz) will take you to an online receiver that is tuned so you have a chance to hear it live. Be sure to visit [http://www.kiwisdr.com/ks/using_Kiwi.html KiwiSDR Operating Information] to learn more about how to operate these online receivers. There is a [http://kiwisdr.com/public/ list] and [http://rx.linkfanel.net/ map] or receivers available to use worldwide. Using an online receiver allows you to try out HF monitoring before investing in your own equipment. They are also helpful if you have limited capabilities to erect a large antenna or if your location has a lot of radio frequency interference.<br />
<br />
<br />
= What Can I Hear? =<br />
<br />
There is such a wide variety of things to listen to on HF it would be impossible to cover them all here. To get a taste for what is available to you here are some examples starting with the easiest to monitor. Please be aware that patience is one of your most important tools. Often times station only broadcast on a limited basis and are not on the air continuously. There are many factors that can help and impede your chances of reception <br />
<br />
== Easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
<br />
''('''Propagation tip''': night time favors lower frequencies, day time favors higher ones)''<br />
<br />
'''Time stations''' - 24/7 broadcast of accurate time:<br />
<br />
[https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/radio-stations/wwv WWV] [https://tf.nist.gov/stations/wwvh.htm WWVH](US) - 2500 kHz, 5000 kHz, 10000 kHz, 15000 kHz, 20000 kHz (WWV only), 25000 kHz (WWV only)<br />
<br />
[https://nrc.canada.ca/en/certifications-evaluations-standards/canadas-official-time/nrc-shortwave-station-broadcasts-chu CHU] (Canada) - 3330 kHz, 7850 kHz, 14670 kHz<br />
<br />
<br />
These time stations are often used by more experienced hobbyists to quickly check propagation in North America and to check to see if their receivers and antennas are functioning properly. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Shortwave Broadcasters'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Amateur (Ham) Radio'''<br />
<br />
Amateur radio operators are people who are licensed to use parts of the HF radio spectrum. Their operation and interest span from technical to having conversations with distant stations. There are many [http://www.arrl.org/band-plan amateur radio bands] on HF. Operators also operate many different modes - voice (AM, LSB, USB), digital, Morse Code, etc. Many of these modes can be monitored on online receivers without any special equipment. Some modes require special decoding hardware or software. The easiest to listen to would be voice communications. Here are a couple of examples of frequencies that have regular activity or nets. Again, propagation can affect whether or not stations can be heard or not.<br />
<br />
75 meter - 3875 kHz, 3885 kHz (AM voice activity)<br />
<br />
40 meter - 7253 kHz, 7255 kHz (LSB nets)<br />
<br />
20 meters - Slow Scan TV (SSTV) - 14230 kHz (with SSTV decoder on)<br />
<br />
More details about amateur radio can be found on the [http://www.arrl.org ARRL website].<br />
<br />
<br />
== Moderately easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_radio Pirate radio stations] are stations that broadcast without a license. [add more info]<br />
<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numbers_station Numbers (Spy) Stations] - While more prevalent in the past there are still some stations that are still operating. These stations are rumored to be used by governments to send coded information to their intelligence assets on the ground. You won't be able to decode any of the message but they are nonetheless interesting. A group called Priyom operates a website that makes it easier to hear these stations. The website has a schedule of expected transmission and a link that will automatically take you to an online receiver that has a good chance of receiving it. <br />
<br />
<br />
== More difficult to hear ==<br />
<br />
Rare, exotic stations are hunted by groups of listeners called DXers. Often they listen for days, weeks, months, or years in the hope of receiving a specific station. A combination of patience, luck, equipment, and propagation can determine whether the elusive station will be heard. These stations can be low power stations that are target a local audience, political clandestine stations that are short lived and operating illegally in their country, or stations that have a very restricted on the air schedule. Sometimes propagation cooperates and allows easier reception of these stations. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
= Where to Listen Online =<br />
<br />
A quick place to start is to use the links supplied [https://www.hfunderground.com/on_the_air/update.php on this page] to go directly to an online receiver tuned to the correct frequency. This is only intended to be an aid and not a guaranteed method of hearing any particular station. Remember that not all stations are on the air 24/7 and propagation will effect whether or not you can receive them.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Other Resources =<br />
<br />
* Propagation, Time of Day, and Location<br />
<br />
Propagation is the study of how signals can get from the transmitter to the receiver and can vary according to the sun, the Earth's atmosphere, frequency, time of day, and your location. All of this adds to the enjoyment and excitement of radio monitoring. At times a very strong reliable station will become weak and a rare weak station can become strong enough to hear. With practice you can use propagation tools to help you predict the best time to hear a station.<br />
<br />
[https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/antennas-propagation/ionospheric/sunspots-cycle-activity.php HF Radio Propagation and Sunspots]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22"Welcome to the Hobby - Start Here"2020-06-30T17:53:40Z<p>Commsigma: </p>
<hr />
<div>This page was created to help those who are interested in the hobby of HF radio monitoring and want to learn more. In addition to resources in this Wiki, there is also a special forum for beginners on the HF Underground Message Board where you can ask questions in a friendly environment.<br />
<br />
Click on highlighted text links to learn more about a specific subject. <br />
<br />
Links associated with frequencies (such as 5000 kHz) will take you to an online receiver that is tuned so you have a chance to hear it live. Be sure to visit [http://www.kiwisdr.com/ks/using_Kiwi.html KiwiSDR Operating Information] to learn more about how to operate these online receivers. There is a [http://kiwisdr.com/public/ list] and [http://rx.linkfanel.net/ map] or receivers available to use worldwide. Using an online receiver allows you to try out HF monitoring before investing in your own equipment. They are also helpful if you have limited capabilities to erect a large antenna or if your location has a lot of radio frequency interference.<br />
<br />
<br />
= What Can I Hear? =<br />
<br />
== Easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
<br />
''('''Propagation tip''': night time favors lower frequencies, day time favors higher ones)''<br />
<br />
'''Time stations''' - 24/7 broadcast of accurate time:<br />
<br />
[https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/radio-stations/wwv WWV] [https://tf.nist.gov/stations/wwvh.htm WWVH](US) - 2500 kHz, 5000 kHz, 10000 kHz, 15000 kHz, 20000 kHz (WWV only), 25000 kHz (WWV only)<br />
<br />
[https://nrc.canada.ca/en/certifications-evaluations-standards/canadas-official-time/nrc-shortwave-station-broadcasts-chu CHU] (Canada) - 3330 kHz, 7850 kHz, 14670 kHz<br />
<br />
<br />
These time stations are often used by more experienced hobbyists to quickly check propagation in North America and to check to see if their receivers and antennas are functioning properly. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Shortwave Broadcasters'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Amateur (Ham) Radio'''<br />
<br />
Amateur radio operators are people who are licensed to use parts of the HF radio spectrum. Their operation and interest span from technical to having conversations with distant stations. There are many [http://www.arrl.org/band-plan amateur radio bands] on HF. Operators also operate many different modes - voice (AM, LSB, USB), digital, Morse Code, etc. Many of these modes can be monitored on online receivers without any special equipment. Some modes require special decoding hardware or software. The easiest to listen to would be voice communications. Here are a couple of examples of frequencies that have regular activity or nets. Again, propagation can affect whether or not stations can be heard or not.<br />
<br />
75 meter - 3875 kHz, 3885 kHz (AM voice activity)<br />
<br />
40 meter - 7253 kHz, 7255 kHz (LSB nets)<br />
<br />
20 meters - Slow Scan TV (SSTV) - 14230 kHz (with SSTV decoder on)<br />
<br />
More details about amateur radio can be found on the [http://www.arrl.org ARRL website].<br />
<br />
<br />
== Moderately easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirate_radio Pirate radio stations] are stations that broadcast without a license. [add more info]<br />
<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numbers_station Numbers (Spy) Stations] - While more prevalent in the past there are still some stations that are still operating. These stations are rumored to be used by governments to send coded information to their intelligence assets on the ground. You won't be able to decode any of the message but they are nonetheless interesting. A group called Priyom operates a website that makes it easier to hear these stations. The website has a schedule of expected transmission and a link that will automatically take you to an online receiver that has a good chance of receiving it. <br />
<br />
<br />
== More difficult to hear ==<br />
<br />
Rare, exotic stations are hunted by groups of listeners called DXers. Often they listen for days, weeks, months, or years in the hope of receiving a specific station. A combination of patience, luck, equipment, and propagation can determine whether the elusive station will be heard. These stations can be low power stations that are target a local audience, political clandestine stations that are short lived and operating illegally in their country, or stations that have a very restricted on the air schedule. Sometimes propagation cooperates and allows easier reception of these stations. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
= Where to Listen Online =<br />
<br />
A quick place to start is to use the links supplied [https://www.hfunderground.com/on_the_air/update.php on this page] to go directly to an online receiver tuned to the correct frequency. This is only intended to be an aid and not a guaranteed method of hearing any particular station. Remember that not all stations are on the air 24/7 and propagation will effect whether or not you can receive them.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Other Resources =<br />
<br />
* Propagation, Time of Day, and Location<br />
<br />
Propagation is the study of how signals can get from the transmitter to the receiver and can vary according to the sun, the Earth's atmosphere, frequency, time of day, and your location. All of this adds to the enjoyment and excitement of radio monitoring. At times a very strong reliable station will become weak and a rare weak station can become strong enough to hear. With practice you can use propagation tools to help you predict the best time to hear a station.<br />
<br />
[https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/antennas-propagation/ionospheric/sunspots-cycle-activity.php HF Radio Propagation and Sunspots]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22"Welcome to the Hobby - Start Here"2020-06-30T17:43:36Z<p>Commsigma: </p>
<hr />
<div>This page was created to help those who are interested in the hobby of HF radio monitoring and want to learn more. In addition to resources in this Wiki, there is also a special forum for beginners on the HF Underground Message Board where you can ask questions in a friendly environment.<br />
<br />
Click on highlighted text links to learn more about a subject. Links associated with frequencies (such as 5000 kHz) will take you to an online receiver that is tuned so you have a chance to hear it live. Be sure to visit [http://www.kiwisdr.com/ks/using_Kiwi.html KiwiSDR Operating Information] to learn more about how to operate these online receivers. There is a [http://kiwisdr.com/public/ list] and [http://rx.linkfanel.net/ map] or receivers available to use worldwide.<br />
<br />
<br />
= What Can I Hear? =<br />
<br />
== Easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
<br />
''('''Propagation tip''': night time favors lower frequencies, day time favors higher ones)''<br />
<br />
'''Time stations''' - 24/7 broadcast of accurate time:<br />
<br />
[https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/radio-stations/wwv WWV] [https://tf.nist.gov/stations/wwvh.htm WWVH](US) - 2500 kHz, 5000 kHz, 10000 kHz, 15000 kHz, 20000 kHz (WWV only), 25000 kHz (WWV only)<br />
<br />
[https://nrc.canada.ca/en/certifications-evaluations-standards/canadas-official-time/nrc-shortwave-station-broadcasts-chu CHU] (Canada) - 3330 kHz, 7850 kHz, 14670 kHz<br />
<br />
<br />
These time stations are often used by more experienced hobbyists to quickly check propagation in North America and to check to see if their receivers and antennas are functioning properly. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Shortwave Broadcasters'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Amateur (Ham) Radio'''<br />
<br />
Amateur radio operators are people who are licensed to use parts of the HF radio spectrum. Their operation and interest span from technical to having conversations with distant stations. There are many [http://www.arrl.org/band-plan amateur radio bands] on HF. Operators also operate many different modes - voice (AM, LSB, USB), digital, Morse Code, etc. Many of these modes can be monitored on online receivers without any special equipment. Some modes require special decoding hardware or software. The easiest to listen to would be voice communications. Here are a couple of examples of frequencies that have regular activity or nets. Again, propagation can affect whether or not stations can be heard or not.<br />
<br />
75 meter - 3875 kHz, 3885 kHz (AM voice activity)<br />
<br />
40 meter - 7253 kHz, 7255 kHz (LSB nets)<br />
<br />
20 meters - Slow Scan TV (SSTV) - 14230 kHz (with SSTV decoder on)<br />
<br />
More details about amateur radio can be found on the [http://www.arrl.org ARRL website].<br />
<br />
<br />
== Moderately easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numbers_station Numbers (Spy) Stations] - While more prevalent in the past there are still some stations that are still operating. These stations are rumored to be used by governments to send coded information to their intelligence assets on the ground. You won't be able to decode any of the message but they are nonetheless interesting. A group called Priyom operates a website that makes it easier to hear these stations. The website has a schedule of expected transmission and a link that will automatically take you to an online receiver that has a good chance of receiving it. <br />
<br />
<br />
= Where to Listen Online =<br />
<br />
A quick place to start is to use the links supplied [https://www.hfunderground.com/on_the_air/update.php on this page] to go directly to an online receiver tuned to the correct frequency. This is only intended to be an aid and not a guaranteed method of hearing any particular station. Remember that not all stations are on the air 24/7 and propagation will effect whether or not you can receive them.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Other Resources =<br />
<br />
* Propagation, Time of Day, and Location<br />
<br />
Propagation is the study of how signals can get from the transmitter to the receiver and can vary according to the sun, the Earth's atmosphere, frequency, time of day, and your location. All of this adds to the enjoyment and excitement of radio monitoring. At times a very strong reliable station will become weak and a rare weak station can become strong enough to hear. With practice you can use propagation tools to help you predict the best time to hear a station.<br />
<br />
[https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/antennas-propagation/ionospheric/sunspots-cycle-activity.php HF Radio Propagation and Sunspots]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22"Welcome to the Hobby - Start Here"2020-06-30T17:28:48Z<p>Commsigma: </p>
<hr />
<div>This page was created to help those who are interested in the hobby of HF radio monitoring and want to learn more. In addition to resources in this Wiki, there is also a special forum for beginners on the HF Underground Message Board where you can ask questions in a friendly environment.<br />
<br />
Click on highlighted text links to learn more about a subject. Links associated with frequencies (such as 5000 kHz) will take you to an online receiver that is tuned so you have a chance to hear it live. Be sure to visit [http://www.kiwisdr.com/ks/using_Kiwi.html KiwiSDR Operating Information] to learn more about how to operate these online receivers.<br />
<br />
<br />
= What Can I Hear? =<br />
<br />
== Easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
<br />
''('''Propagation tip''': night time favors lower frequencies, day time favors higher ones)''<br />
<br />
'''Time stations''' - 24/7 broadcast of accurate time:<br />
<br />
[https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/radio-stations/wwv WWV] [https://tf.nist.gov/stations/wwvh.htm WWVH](US) - 2500 kHz, 5000 kHz, 10000 kHz, 15000 kHz, 20000 kHz (WWV only), 25000 kHz (WWV only)<br />
<br />
[https://nrc.canada.ca/en/certifications-evaluations-standards/canadas-official-time/nrc-shortwave-station-broadcasts-chu CHU] (Canada) - 3330 kHz, 7850 kHz, 14670 kHz<br />
<br />
<br />
These time stations are often used by more experienced hobbyists to quickly check propagation in North America and to check to see if their receivers and antennas are functioning properly. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Shortwave Broadcasters'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Amateur (Ham) Radio'''<br />
<br />
There are many amateur radio bands [link to ham bands] on HF. Operators also operate many different modes - voice (AM, LSB, USB), digital, Morse Code, etc. Many of these modes can be monitored on online receivers without any special equipment. Some modes require special decoding hardware or software. The easiest to listen to would be voice communications. Here are a couple of examples of frequencies that have regular activity. Again, propagation can affect whether or not stations can be heard or not.<br />
<br />
75 meter AM - 3875 kHz, 3885 kHz<br />
40 meter <br />
20 meters - Slow Scan TV (SSTV) - 14230 kHz (with SSTV decoder on)<br />
<br />
More details about amateur radio can be found on the [http://www.arrl.org ARRL website].<br />
<br />
<br />
== Moderately easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numbers_station Numbers (Spy) Stations] - While more prevalent in the past there are still some stations that are still operating. These stations are used by governments to send coded information to their assets on the ground. You won't be able to decode any of the message but they are nonetheless interesting. A group called Priyom operates a website that makes it easier to hear these stations. The website has a schedule of expected transmission and a link that will automatically take you to an online receiver that has a good chance of receiving it. <br />
<br />
<br />
= Where to Listen Online =<br />
<br />
A quick place to start is to use the links supplied [https://www.hfunderground.com/on_the_air/update.php on this page] to go directly to an online receiver tuned to the correct frequency. This is only intended to be an aid and not a guaranteed method of hearing any particular station. Remember that not all stations are on the air 24/7 and propagation will effect whether or not you can receive them.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Learning Resources =<br />
<br />
* Propagation, Time of Day, and Location<br />
<br />
Propagation is the study of how signals can get from the transmitter to the receiver and can vary according to the sun, the Earth's atmosphere, frequency, time of day, and your location. All of this adds to the enjoyment and excitement of radio monitoring. At times a very strong reliable station will become weak and a rare weak station can become strong enough to hear. With practice you can use propagation tools to help you predict the best time to hear a station.<br />
<br />
[https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/antennas-propagation/ionospheric/sunspots-cycle-activity.php HF Radio Propagation and Sunspots]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22"Welcome to the Hobby - Start Here"2020-06-30T13:06:23Z<p>Commsigma: </p>
<hr />
<div>This page was created to help those who are interested in the hobby of HF radio monitoring and want to learn more. In addition to resources in this Wiki, there is also a special forum for beginners on the HF Underground Message Board where you can ask questions in a friendly environment.<br />
<br />
Click on highlighted text links to learn more about a subject. Links associated with frequencies (such as 5000 kHz) will take you to an online receiver that is tuned so you have a chance to hear it live. Be sure to visit [http://www.kiwisdr.com/ks/using_Kiwi.html KiwiSDR Operating Information] to learn more about how to operate these online receivers.<br />
<br />
<br />
= What Can I Hear? =<br />
<br />
== Easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
<br />
''('''Propagation tip''': night time favors lower frequencies, day time favors higher ones)''<br />
<br />
'''Time stations''' - 24/7 broadcast of accurate time:<br />
<br />
[https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/radio-stations/wwv WWV] [https://tf.nist.gov/stations/wwvh.htm WWVH](US) - 2500 kHz, 5000 kHz, 10000 kHz, 15000 kHz, 20000 kHz (WWV only), 25000 kHz (WWV only)<br />
<br />
[https://nrc.canada.ca/en/certifications-evaluations-standards/canadas-official-time/nrc-shortwave-station-broadcasts-chu CHU] (Canada) - 3330 kHz, 7850 kHz, 14670 kHz<br />
<br />
<br />
These time stations are often used by more experienced hobbyists to quickly check propagation in North America and to check to see if their receivers and antennas are functioning properly. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Shortwave Broadcasters'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Amateur (Ham) Radio'''<br />
<br />
<br />
== Moderately easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numbers_station Numbers (Spy) Stations] - While more prevalent in the past there are still some stations that are still operating. These stations are used by governments to send coded information to their assets on the ground. You won't be able to decode any of the message but they are nonetheless interesting. A group called Priyom operates a website that makes it easier to hear these stations. The website has a schedule of expected transmission and a link that will automatically take you to an online receiver that has a good chance of receiving it. <br />
<br />
<br />
= Where to Listen Online =<br />
<br />
A quick place to start is to use the links supplied [https://www.hfunderground.com/on_the_air/update.php on this page] to go directly to an online receiver tuned to the correct frequency. This is only intended to be an aid and not a guaranteed method of hearing any particular station. Remember that not all stations are on the air 24/7 and propagation will effect whether or not you can receive them.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Learning Resources =<br />
<br />
* Propagation, Time of Day, and Location<br />
<br />
Propagation is the study of how signals can get from the transmitter to the receiver and can vary according to the sun, the Earth's atmosphere, frequency, time of day, and your location. All of this adds to the enjoyment and excitement of radio monitoring. At times a very strong reliable station will become weak and a rare weak station can become strong enough to hear. With practice you can use propagation tools to help you predict the best time to hear a station.<br />
<br />
[https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/antennas-propagation/ionospheric/sunspots-cycle-activity.php HF Radio Propagation and Sunspots]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22"Welcome to the Hobby - Start Here"2020-06-30T13:03:13Z<p>Commsigma: </p>
<hr />
<div>This page was created to help those who are interested in the hobby of HF radio monitoring and want to learn more. In addition to resources in this Wiki, there is also a special forum for beginners on the HF Underground Message Board where you can ask questions in a friendly environment.<br />
<br />
Click on highlighted text links to learn more about a subject. Links associated with frequencies (such as 5000 kHz) will take you to an online receiver that is tuned so you have a chance to hear it live.<br />
<br />
<br />
= What Can I Hear? =<br />
<br />
== Easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
<br />
''('''Propagation tip''': night time favors lower frequencies, day time favors higher ones)''<br />
<br />
'''Time stations''' - 24/7 broadcast of accurate time:<br />
<br />
[https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/radio-stations/wwv WWV] [https://tf.nist.gov/stations/wwvh.htm WWVH](US) - 2500 kHz, 5000 kHz, 10000 kHz, 15000 kHz, 20000 kHz (WWV only), 25000 kHz (WWV only)<br />
<br />
[https://nrc.canada.ca/en/certifications-evaluations-standards/canadas-official-time/nrc-shortwave-station-broadcasts-chu CHU] (Canada) - 3330 kHz, 7850 kHz, 14670 kHz<br />
<br />
<br />
These time stations are often used by more experienced hobbyists to help quickly check propagation in North America and to check to see if their receivers and antennas are functioning properly. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Shortwave Broadcasters'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Amateur (Ham) Radio'''<br />
<br />
<br />
== Moderately easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numbers_station Numbers (Spy) Stations] - While more prevalent in the past there are still some stations that are still operating. These stations are used by governments to send coded information to their assets on the ground. You won't be able to decode any of the message but they are nonetheless interesting. A group called Priyom operates a website that makes it easier to hear these stations. The website has a schedule of expected transmission and a link that will automatically take you to an online receiver that has a good chance of receiving it. <br />
<br />
<br />
= Where to Listen Online =<br />
<br />
A quick place to start is to use the links supplied [https://www.hfunderground.com/on_the_air/update.php on this page] to go directly to an online receiver tuned to the correct frequency. This is only intended to be an aid and not a guaranteed method of hearing any particular station. Remember that not all stations are on the air 24/7 and propagation will effect whether or not you can receive them.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Learning Resources =<br />
<br />
* Propagation, Time of Day, and Location<br />
<br />
Propagation is the study of how signals can get from the transmitter to the receiver and can vary according to the sun, the Earth's atmosphere, frequency, time of day, and your location. All of this adds to the enjoyment and excitement of radio monitoring. At times a very strong reliable station will become weak and a rare weak station can become strong enough to hear. With practice you can use propagation tools to help you predict the best time to hear a station.<br />
<br />
[https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/antennas-propagation/ionospheric/sunspots-cycle-activity.php HF Radio Propagation and Sunspots]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22"Welcome to the Hobby - Start Here"2020-06-30T13:00:54Z<p>Commsigma: </p>
<hr />
<div>This page was created to help those who are interested in the hobby of HF radio monitoring and want to learn more. In addition to resources in this Wiki, there is also a special forum for beginners on the HF Underground Message Board where you can ask questions in a friendly environment.<br />
<br />
<br />
= What Can I Hear? =<br />
<br />
== Easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
<br />
''('''Propagation tip''': night time favors lower frequencies, day time favors higher ones)''<br />
<br />
'''Time stations''' - 24/7 broadcast of accurate time:<br />
<br />
[https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/radio-stations/wwv WWV] [https://tf.nist.gov/stations/wwvh.htm WWVH](US) - 2500 kHz, 5000 kHz, 10000 kHz, 15000 kHz, 20000 kHz (WWV only), 25000 kHz (WWV only)<br />
<br />
[https://nrc.canada.ca/en/certifications-evaluations-standards/canadas-official-time/nrc-shortwave-station-broadcasts-chu CHU] (Canada) - 3330 kHz, 7850 kHz, 14670 kHz<br />
<br />
<br />
These time stations are often used by more experienced hobbyists to help quickly check propagation in North America and to check to see if their receivers and antennas are functioning properly. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Shortwave Broadcasters'''<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Amateur (Ham) Radio'''<br />
<br />
<br />
== Moderately easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numbers_station Numbers (Spy) Stations] - While more prevalent in the past there are still some stations that are still operating. These stations are used by governments to send coded information to their assets on the ground. You won't be able to decode any of the message but they are nonetheless interesting. A group called Priyom operates a website that makes it easier to hear these stations. The website has a schedule of expected transmission and a link that will automatically take you to an online receiver that has a good chance of receiving it. <br />
<br />
<br />
= Where to Listen Online =<br />
<br />
A quick place to start is to use the links supplied [https://www.hfunderground.com/on_the_air/update.php on this page] to go directly to an online receiver tuned to the correct frequency. This is only intended to be an aid and not a guaranteed method of hearing any particular station. Remember that not all stations are on the air 24/7 and propagation will effect whether or not you can receive them.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Learning Resources =<br />
<br />
* Propagation, Time of Day, and Location<br />
<br />
Propagation is the study of how signals can get from the transmitter to the receiver and can vary according to the sun, the Earth's atmosphere, frequency, time of day, and your location. All of this adds to the enjoyment and excitement of radio monitoring. At times a very strong reliable station will become weak and a rare weak station can become strong enough to hear. With practice you can use propagation tools to help you predict the best time to hear a station.<br />
<br />
[https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/antennas-propagation/ionospheric/sunspots-cycle-activity.php HF Radio Propagation and Sunspots]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22"Welcome to the Hobby - Start Here"2020-06-30T12:45:21Z<p>Commsigma: </p>
<hr />
<div>This page was created to help those who are interested in the hobby of radio monitoring and want to learn more. In addition to resources in this Wiki, there is also a special forum for beginners on the HF Underground Message Board.<br />
<br />
<br />
= What Can I Hear? =<br />
<br />
== Easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
<br />
''('''Propagation tip''': night time favors lower frequencies, day time favors higher ones)''<br />
''('''Term tip''': 1000 kHz = 1 MHz, so, 14670 kHz = 14.670 MHz)''<br />
<br />
Time stations - 24/7 broadcast of accurate time:<br />
<br />
[https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division/radio-stations/wwv WWV] [https://tf.nist.gov/stations/wwvh.htm WWVH](US) - 2500 kHz, 5000 kHz, 10000 kHz, 15000 kHz, 20000 kHz (WWV only), 25000 kHz (WWV only)<br />
[https://nrc.canada.ca/en/certifications-evaluations-standards/canadas-official-time/nrc-shortwave-station-broadcasts-chu CHU] (Canada) - 3330 kHz, 7850 kHz, 14670 kHz<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
= Where to Listen Online =<br />
<br />
A quick place to start is to use the links supplied [https://www.hfunderground.com/on_the_air/update.php on this page] to go directly to an online receiver tuned to the correct frequency. This is only intended to be an aid and not a guaranteed method of hearing any particular station. Remember that not all stations are on the air 24/7 and propagation will effect whether or not you can receive them.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Learning Resources =<br />
<br />
* Propagation, Time of Day, and Location<br />
<br />
Propagation is the study of how signals can get from the transmitter to the receiver and can vary according to the sun, the Earth's atmosphere, frequency, time of day, and your location. All of this adds to the enjoyment and excitement of radio monitoring. At times a very strong reliable station will become weak and a rare weak station can become strong enough to hear. With practice you can use propagation tools to help you predict the best time to hear a station.<br />
<br />
[https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/antennas-propagation/ionospheric/sunspots-cycle-activity.php HF Radio Propagation and Sunspots]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/%22Welcome_to_the_Hobby_-_Start_Here%22"Welcome to the Hobby - Start Here"2020-06-30T12:41:39Z<p>Commsigma: Created page with "This page was created to help those who are interested in the hobby of radio monitoring and want to learn more. In addition to resources in this Wiki, there is also a special for..."</p>
<hr />
<div>This page was created to help those who are interested in the hobby of radio monitoring and want to learn more. In addition to resources in this Wiki, there is also a special forum for beginners on the HF Underground Message Board.<br />
<br />
<br />
= What Can I Hear? =<br />
<br />
== Easy to hear ==<br />
<br />
<br />
''('''Propagation tip''': night time favors lower frequencies, day time favors higher ones)''<br />
''('''Term tip''': 1000 kHz = 1 MHz, so, 14670 kHz = 14.670 MHz)''<br />
<br />
Time stations - 24/7 broadcast of accurate time:<br />
<br />
WWV (US) - 2500 kHz, 5000 kHz, 10000 kHz, 15000 kHz, 20000 kHz, 25000 kHz <br />
CHU (Canada) - 3330 kHz, 7850 kHz, 14670 kHz<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
= Where to Listen Online =<br />
<br />
A quick place to start is to use the links supplied [https://www.hfunderground.com/on_the_air/update.php on this page] to go directly to an online receiver tuned to the correct frequency. This is only intended to be an aid and not a guaranteed method of hearing any particular station. Remember that not all stations are on the air 24/7 and propagation will effect whether or not you can receive them.<br />
<br />
<br />
= Learning Resources =<br />
<br />
* Propagation, Time of Day, and Location<br />
<br />
Propagation is the study of how signals can get from the transmitter to the receiver and can vary according to the sun, the Earth's atmosphere, frequency, time of day, and your location. All of this adds to the enjoyment and excitement of radio monitoring. At times a very strong reliable station will become weak and a rare weak station can become strong enough to hear. With practice you can use propagation tools to help you predict the best time to hear a station.<br />
<br />
[https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/antennas-propagation/ionospheric/sunspots-cycle-activity.php HF Radio Propagation and Sunspots]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Welcome_New_UsersWelcome New Users2020-06-29T23:43:18Z<p>Commsigma: Created page with "New Users Start Here"</p>
<hr />
<div>New Users Start Here</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/User:CommsigmaUser:Commsigma2020-06-29T23:17:51Z<p>Commsigma: Created page with "My KiwiSDR: http://sigmasdr.ddns.net:8073/ KiwiSDR Blog: https://sigmasdr.blogspot.com/"</p>
<hr />
<div>My KiwiSDR: http://sigmasdr.ddns.net:8073/<br />
<br />
KiwiSDR Blog: https://sigmasdr.blogspot.com/</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/KiwiSDRKiwiSDR2019-04-27T18:00:46Z<p>Commsigma: /* KiwiSDR Status and Information Pages */</p>
<hr />
<div>= Overview =<br />
<br />
The KiwiSDR is a 14-bit wideband receive only HF software defined radio that can receive the entire 10 kHz – 30 MHz VLF/LF/MW/HF spectrum. A large number of these receivers are available online for use by anyone with interest. A [http://sdr.hu directory] and a [http://sdr.hu/map map] of these receivers is updated on a regular basis.<br />
<br />
* [http://www.kiwisdr.com KiwiSDR Home Page]<br />
<br />
= KiwiSDRs run by HFU Members =<br />
* Wake Forest, NC USA http://chimay.homelinux.org:8073<br />
* Westminster, MD USA http://sdr.hfunderpants.com:8073<br />
* CT/MA Border, Northeast USA http://sigmasdr.ddns.net:8073<br />
* Mojave Desert, CA USA http://tokenradio.proxy.kiwisdr.com:8073/<br />
* Westerville, OH USA http://ohioswl.com:8073<br />
* Old Hickory, TN USA http://midtn.dynu.net:8073<br />
* Warwick, RI USA http://joeflips.hopto.org:8073/<br />
* Seattle, WA USA http://strangebeacons.proxy.kiwisdr.com:8073/<br />
<br />
<br />
= KiwiSDRs Admin Tips =<br />
<br />
== Power Supplies ==<br />
<br />
One solid option for a nice regulated 5vdc power supply are supplies made by Acopian. Beerus Maximus found one of these supplies on eBay for $35, model number 5EB200. The list price for this supply is $170(!)* but the one Beerus got was like new. Search "Acopian" on eBay for deals like this.<br />
<br />
*https://www.acopian.com/store/productdetail.aspx?q=i574<br />
*https://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_from=R40&_trksid=m570.l1313&_nkw=acopian+5EB200&_sacat=0<br />
<br />
== Set Static IP Address ==<br />
<br />
You may want to set the IP address of your KiwiSDR statically, rather than a dynamic DCHP address obtained from your router. Go to the Network tab on the KiwiSDR admin page to do this.<br />
<br />
== GPS Antenna ==<br />
The antenna that comes with the KiwiSDR works, but can be marginal, especially when used indoors. I bought [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00LXRQY9A/ref=oh_aui_detailpage_o00_s01?tag=blackcatsyste-20&linkCode=w00 this antenna ] from Amazon, and it seems to work better. I also found that it helps tremendously to have the antenna sitting on a metal ground plane. A simple small aluminum baking sheet works great. I carefully adjusted the location of the antenna on the sheet, as well as the location of both (they are sitting on a shelf) for maximum signal(s) from the GPS satellites. <br />
<br />
I just replace the pan with a sheet of aluminum foil, and that seems to work even better.<br />
<br />
== Enclosures ==<br />
<br />
An all aluminum case is available from [https://www.seeedstudio.com/KiwiSDR-Enclosure-p-3012.html Seeed Studios] that includes a small cooling fan.<br />
<br />
== DX Labels ==<br />
<br />
DX Labels can be added to help users quickly identify and choose frequencies, automatically set passband, mode, and extension, etc. Users can click on a label and the receiver will be set to the parameters you choose. Only administrators can add or make changes to labels.<br />
<br />
To add, edit, or modify labels:<br />
<br />
Press and hold the shift key and then click on the label bar to add a new label. To modify or delete an existing label, press and hold the shift key and click on the label you wish to change.<br />
<br />
* The Freq and Mode fields are taken from the receiver's settings when you add a new label. These can be edited if desired.<br />
<br />
* The Ident field is the text that is shown on the DX label bar. HTML tags (e.g. <nowiki><br></nowiki> to make two lines of text) can be used to make labels more readable if desired.<br />
<br />
* The Notes field allows for additional information to be displayed by hovering the mouse over the label (such as day or time station is active). <br />
<br />
* The Passband field can be set by specifying it in Hz. <br />
<br />
* The Extension field can be set by specifying an available extension<br />
<br />
== Command Line Tips/Tricks ==<br />
<br />
You can SSH to the Beagle controlling your KiwiSDR, and login as 'root'. There is no password, by default.<br />
<br />
Watch user logins and departures in real time:<br />
<br />
<code><br />
tail -F /var/log/user.log | egrep 'ARRIVED|LEAVING' /var/log/user.log<br />
</code></div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/KiwiSDRKiwiSDR2019-03-20T16:24:23Z<p>Commsigma: </p>
<hr />
<div>= Overview =<br />
<br />
The KiwiSDR is a 14-bit wideband receive only HF software defined radio that can receive the entire 10 kHz – 30 MHz VLF/LF/MW/HF spectrum. A large number of these receivers are available online for use by anyone with interest. A [http://sdr.hu directory] and a [http://sdr.hu/map map] of these receivers is updated on a regular basis.<br />
<br />
* [http://www.kiwisdr.com KiwiSDR Home Page]<br />
<br />
= KiwiSDRs run by HFU Members =<br />
* Wake Forest, NC USA http://chimay.homelinux.org:8073<br />
* Westminster, MD USA http://sdr.hfunderpants.com:8073<br />
* CT/MA Border, Northeast USA http://sigmasdr.ddns.net:8073<br />
* Mojave Desert, CA USA http://tokenradio.proxy.kiwisdr.com:8073/<br />
* Westerville, OH USA http://ohioswl.com:8073<br />
* Old Hickory, TN USA http://midtn.dynu.net:8073<br />
* Warwick, RI USA http://joeflips.hopto.org:8073/<br />
* Seattle, WA USA http://strangebeacons.proxy.kiwisdr.com:8073/<br />
<br />
<br />
= KiwiSDR Status and Information Pages =<br />
* [https://www.hfunderground.com/kiwisdr/ KiwiSDR Ranking By Estimated Signal To Noise Level] <br />
* [https://www.hfunderground.com/kiwisdr/kiwi_users.html Worldwide KiwiSDR Receiver Usage] <br />
* [https://www.hfunderground.com/kiwisdr/kiwi_frequency_usage.html Worldwide KiwiSDR Receiver Usage Sorted By Frequency]<br />
* [https://www.hfunderground.com/kiwisdr/kiwi_frequency_usage_no_wspr.html Worldwide KiwiSDR Receiver Usage Sorted By Frequency Without WSPR]<br />
<br />
<br />
= KiwiSDRs Admin Tips =<br />
<br />
== Power Supplies ==<br />
<br />
One solid option for a nice regulated 5vdc power supply are supplies made by Acopian. Beerus Maximus found one of these supplies on eBay for $35, model number 5EB200. The list price for this supply is $170(!)* but the one Beerus got was like new. Search "Acopian" on eBay for deals like this.<br />
<br />
*https://www.acopian.com/store/productdetail.aspx?q=i574<br />
*https://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_from=R40&_trksid=m570.l1313&_nkw=acopian+5EB200&_sacat=0<br />
<br />
== Set Static IP Address ==<br />
<br />
You may want to set the IP address of your KiwiSDR statically, rather than a dynamic DCHP address obtained from your router. Go to the Network tab on the KiwiSDR admin page to do this.<br />
<br />
== GPS Antenna ==<br />
The antenna that comes with the KiwiSDR works, but can be marginal, especially when used indoors. I bought [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00LXRQY9A/ref=oh_aui_detailpage_o00_s01?tag=blackcatsyste-20&linkCode=w00 this antenna ] from Amazon, and it seems to work better. I also found that it helps tremendously to have the antenna sitting on a metal ground plane. A simple small aluminum baking sheet works great. I carefully adjusted the location of the antenna on the sheet, as well as the location of both (they are sitting on a shelf) for maximum signal(s) from the GPS satellites. <br />
<br />
I just replace the pan with a sheet of aluminum foil, and that seems to work even better.<br />
<br />
== Enclosures ==<br />
<br />
An all aluminum case is available from [https://www.seeedstudio.com/KiwiSDR-Enclosure-p-3012.html Seeed Studios] that includes a small cooling fan.<br />
<br />
== DX Labels ==<br />
<br />
DX Labels can be added to help users quickly identify and choose frequencies, automatically set passband, mode, and extension, etc. Users can click on a label and the receiver will be set to the parameters you choose. Only administrators can add or make changes to labels.<br />
<br />
To add, edit, or modify labels:<br />
<br />
Press and hold the shift key and then click on the label bar to add a new label. To modify or delete an existing label, press and hold the shift key and click on the label you wish to change.<br />
<br />
* The Freq and Mode fields are taken from the receiver's settings when you add a new label. These can be edited if desired.<br />
<br />
* The Ident field is the text that is shown on the DX label bar. HTML tags (e.g. <nowiki><br></nowiki> to make two lines of text) can be used to make labels more readable if desired.<br />
<br />
* The Notes field allows for additional information to be displayed by hovering the mouse over the label (such as day or time station is active). <br />
<br />
* The Passband field can be set by specifying it in Hz. <br />
<br />
* The Extension field can be set by specifying an available extension<br />
<br />
== Command Line Tips/Tricks ==<br />
<br />
You can SSH to the Beagle controlling your KiwiSDR, and login as 'root'. There is no password, by default.<br />
<br />
Watch user logins and departures in real time:<br />
<br />
<code><br />
tail -F /var/log/user.log | egrep 'ARRIVED|LEAVING' /var/log/user.log<br />
</code></div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/KiwiSDRKiwiSDR2019-01-02T21:20:39Z<p>Commsigma: /* DX Labels */</p>
<hr />
<div>= Overview =<br />
<br />
The KiwiSDR is a 14-bit wideband receive only HF software defined radio that can receive the entire 10 kHz – 30 MHz VLF/LF/MW/HF spectrum. A large number of these receivers are available online for use by anyone with interest. A [http://sdr.hu directory] and a [http://sdr.hu/map map] of these receivers is updated on a regular basis.<br />
<br />
* [http://www.kiwisdr.com KiwiSDR Home Page]<br />
<br />
= KiwiSDRs run by HFU Members =<br />
* Wake Forest, NC USA http://chimay.homelinux.org:8073<br />
* Westminster, MD USA http://sdr.hfunderpants.com:8073<br />
* CT/MA Border, Northeast USA http://sigmasdr.ddns.net:8073<br />
* Mojave Desert, CA USA http://tokenradio.proxy.kiwisdr.com:8073/<br />
* Westerville, OH USA http://ohioswl.com:8073<br />
* Old Hickory, TN USA http://midtn.dynu.net:8073<br />
* Warwick, RI USA http://joeflips.hopto.org:8073/<br />
* Seattle, WA USA http://strangebeacons.proxy.kiwisdr.com:8073/<br />
<br />
= KiwiSDRs Admin Tips =<br />
<br />
== Power Supplies ==<br />
<br />
One solid option for a nice regulated 5vdc power supply are supplies made by Acopian. Beerus Maximus found one of these supplies on eBay for $35, model number 5EB200. The list price for this supply is $170(!)* but the one Beerus got was like new. Search "Acopian" on eBay for deals like this.<br />
<br />
*https://www.acopian.com/store/productdetail.aspx?q=i574<br />
*https://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_from=R40&_trksid=m570.l1313&_nkw=acopian+5EB200&_sacat=0<br />
<br />
== Set Static IP Address ==<br />
<br />
You may want to set the IP address of your KiwiSDR statically, rather than a dynamic DCHP address obtained from your router. Go to the Network tab on the KiwiSDR admin page to do this.<br />
<br />
== GPS Antenna ==<br />
The antenna that comes with the KiwiSDR works, but can be marginal, especially when used indoors. I bought [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00LXRQY9A/ref=oh_aui_detailpage_o00_s01?tag=blackcatsyste-20&linkCode=w00 this antenna ] from Amazon, and it seems to work better. I also found that it helps tremendously to have the antenna sitting on a metal ground plane. A simple small aluminum baking sheet works great. I carefully adjusted the location of the antenna on the sheet, as well as the location of both (they are sitting on a shelf) for maximum signal(s) from the GPS satellites. <br />
<br />
I just replace the pan with a sheet of aluminum foil, and that seems to work even better.<br />
<br />
== Enclosures ==<br />
<br />
An all aluminum case is available from [https://www.seeedstudio.com/KiwiSDR-Enclosure-p-3012.html Seeed Studios] that includes a small cooling fan.<br />
<br />
== DX Labels ==<br />
<br />
DX Labels can be added to help users quickly identify and choose frequencies, automatically set passband, mode, and extension, etc. Users can click on a label and the receiver will be set to the parameters you choose. Only administrators can add or make changes to labels.<br />
<br />
To add, edit, or modify labels:<br />
<br />
Press and hold the shift key and then click on the label bar to add a new label. To modify or delete an existing label, press and hold the shift key and click on the label you wish to change.<br />
<br />
* The Freq and Mode fields are taken from the receiver's settings when you add a new label. These can be edited if desired.<br />
<br />
* The Ident field is the text that is shown on the DX label bar. HTML tags (e.g. <nowiki><br></nowiki> to make two lines of text) can be used to make labels more readable if desired.<br />
<br />
* The Notes field allows for additional information to be displayed by hovering the mouse over the label (such as day or time station is active). <br />
<br />
* The Passband field can be set by specifying it in Hz. <br />
<br />
* The Extension field can be set by specifying an available extension<br />
<br />
== Command Line Tips/Tricks ==<br />
<br />
You can SSH to the Beagle controlling your KiwiSDR, and login as 'root'. There is no password, by default.<br />
<br />
Watch user logins and departures in real time:<br />
<br />
<code><br />
tail -F /var/log/user.log | egrep 'ARRIVED|LEAVING' /var/log/user.log<br />
</code></div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/KiwiSDRKiwiSDR2019-01-02T21:08:13Z<p>Commsigma: /* Overview */</p>
<hr />
<div>= Overview =<br />
<br />
The KiwiSDR is a 14-bit wideband receive only HF software defined radio that can receive the entire 10 kHz – 30 MHz VLF/LF/MW/HF spectrum. A large number of these receivers are available online for use by anyone with interest. A [http://sdr.hu directory] and a [http://sdr.hu/map map] of these receivers is updated on a regular basis.<br />
<br />
* [http://www.kiwisdr.com KiwiSDR Home Page]<br />
<br />
= KiwiSDRs run by HFU Members =<br />
* Wake Forest, NC USA http://chimay.homelinux.org:8073<br />
* Westminster, MD USA http://sdr.hfunderpants.com:8073<br />
* CT/MA Border, Northeast USA http://sigmasdr.ddns.net:8073<br />
* Mojave Desert, CA USA http://tokenradio.proxy.kiwisdr.com:8073/<br />
* Westerville, OH USA http://ohioswl.com:8073<br />
* Old Hickory, TN USA http://midtn.dynu.net:8073<br />
* Warwick, RI USA http://joeflips.hopto.org:8073/<br />
* Seattle, WA USA http://strangebeacons.proxy.kiwisdr.com:8073/<br />
<br />
= KiwiSDRs Admin Tips =<br />
<br />
== Power Supplies ==<br />
<br />
One solid option for a nice regulated 5vdc power supply are supplies made by Acopian. Beerus Maximus found one of these supplies on eBay for $35, model number 5EB200. The list price for this supply is $170(!)* but the one Beerus got was like new. Search "Acopian" on eBay for deals like this.<br />
<br />
*https://www.acopian.com/store/productdetail.aspx?q=i574<br />
*https://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_from=R40&_trksid=m570.l1313&_nkw=acopian+5EB200&_sacat=0<br />
<br />
== Set Static IP Address ==<br />
<br />
You may want to set the IP address of your KiwiSDR statically, rather than a dynamic DCHP address obtained from your router. Go to the Network tab on the KiwiSDR admin page to do this.<br />
<br />
== GPS Antenna ==<br />
The antenna that comes with the KiwiSDR works, but can be marginal, especially when used indoors. I bought [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00LXRQY9A/ref=oh_aui_detailpage_o00_s01?tag=blackcatsyste-20&linkCode=w00 this antenna ] from Amazon, and it seems to work better. I also found that it helps tremendously to have the antenna sitting on a metal ground plane. A simple small aluminum baking sheet works great. I carefully adjusted the location of the antenna on the sheet, as well as the location of both (they are sitting on a shelf) for maximum signal(s) from the GPS satellites. <br />
<br />
I just replace the pan with a sheet of aluminum foil, and that seems to work even better.<br />
<br />
== Enclosures ==<br />
<br />
An all aluminum case is available from [https://www.seeedstudio.com/KiwiSDR-Enclosure-p-3012.html Seeed Studios] that includes a small cooling fan.<br />
<br />
== DX Labels ==<br />
<br />
DX Labels can be added to help users quickly identify and choose frequencies, automatically set passband, mode, and extension, etc. Users can click on a label and the receiver will be set to the parameters you choose. Only administrators can add or make changes to labels.<br />
<br />
To add, edit, or modify labels:<br />
<br />
Press and hold the shift key and then click on the label bar to add a new label. To modify or delete an existing label, press and hold the shift key and click on the label you wish to change.<br />
<br />
* The Freq and Mode fields are taken from the receiver's settings when you add a new label. These can be edited if desired.<br />
<br />
* The Ident field is the text that is shown on the DX label bar. HTML tags (e.g. <nowiki><br></nowiki> to make two lines of text) can be used to make labels more readable if desired.<br />
<br />
* The Notes field allows for additional information to be displayed by hovering the mouse over the label (such as day or time station is active). <br />
<br />
* The Passband field can be set by specifying it in Hz. <br />
<br />
* The Extension field can be set my specifying an available extension<br />
<br />
== Command Line Tips/Tricks ==<br />
<br />
You can SSH to the Beagle controlling your KiwiSDR, and login as 'root'. There is no password, by default.<br />
<br />
Watch user logins and departures in real time:<br />
<br />
<code><br />
tail -F /var/log/user.log | egrep 'ARRIVED|LEAVING' /var/log/user.log<br />
</code></div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/KiwiSDRKiwiSDR2019-01-02T20:58:19Z<p>Commsigma: /* Overview */</p>
<hr />
<div>= Overview =<br />
* [http://www.kiwisdr.com KiwiSDR Home Page]<br />
<br />
= KiwiSDRs run by HFU Members =<br />
* Wake Forest, NC USA http://chimay.homelinux.org:8073<br />
* Westminster, MD USA http://sdr.hfunderpants.com:8073<br />
* CT/MA Border, Northeast USA http://sigmasdr.ddns.net:8073<br />
* Mojave Desert, CA USA http://tokenradio.proxy.kiwisdr.com:8073/<br />
* Westerville, OH USA http://ohioswl.com:8073<br />
* Old Hickory, TN USA http://midtn.dynu.net:8073<br />
* Warwick, RI USA http://joeflips.hopto.org:8073/<br />
* Seattle, WA USA http://strangebeacons.proxy.kiwisdr.com:8073/<br />
<br />
= KiwiSDRs Admin Tips =<br />
<br />
== Power Supplies ==<br />
<br />
One solid option for a nice regulated 5vdc power supply are supplies made by Acopian. Beerus Maximus found one of these supplies on eBay for $35, model number 5EB200. The list price for this supply is $170(!)* but the one Beerus got was like new. Search "Acopian" on eBay for deals like this.<br />
<br />
*https://www.acopian.com/store/productdetail.aspx?q=i574<br />
*https://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_from=R40&_trksid=m570.l1313&_nkw=acopian+5EB200&_sacat=0<br />
<br />
== Set Static IP Address ==<br />
<br />
You may want to set the IP address of your KiwiSDR statically, rather than a dynamic DCHP address obtained from your router. Go to the Network tab on the KiwiSDR admin page to do this.<br />
<br />
== GPS Antenna ==<br />
The antenna that comes with the KiwiSDR works, but can be marginal, especially when used indoors. I bought [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00LXRQY9A/ref=oh_aui_detailpage_o00_s01?tag=blackcatsyste-20&linkCode=w00 this antenna ] from Amazon, and it seems to work better. I also found that it helps tremendously to have the antenna sitting on a metal ground plane. A simple small aluminum baking sheet works great. I carefully adjusted the location of the antenna on the sheet, as well as the location of both (they are sitting on a shelf) for maximum signal(s) from the GPS satellites. <br />
<br />
I just replace the pan with a sheet of aluminum foil, and that seems to work even better.<br />
<br />
== Enclosures ==<br />
<br />
An all aluminum case is available from [https://www.seeedstudio.com/KiwiSDR-Enclosure-p-3012.html Seeed Studios] that includes a small cooling fan.<br />
<br />
== DX Labels ==<br />
<br />
DX Labels can be added to help users quickly identify and choose frequencies, automatically set passband, mode, and extension, etc. Users can click on a label and the receiver will be set to the parameters you choose. Only administrators can add or make changes to labels.<br />
<br />
To add, edit, or modify labels:<br />
<br />
Press and hold the shift key and then click on the label bar to add a new label. To modify or delete an existing label, press and hold the shift key and click on the label you wish to change.<br />
<br />
* The Freq and Mode fields are taken from the receiver's settings when you add a new label. These can be edited if desired.<br />
<br />
* The Ident field is the text that is shown on the DX label bar. HTML tags (e.g. <nowiki><br></nowiki> to make two lines of text) can be used to make labels more readable if desired.<br />
<br />
* The Notes field allows for additional information to be displayed by hovering the mouse over the label (such as day or time station is active). <br />
<br />
* The Passband field can be set by specifying it in Hz. <br />
<br />
* The Extension field can be set my specifying an available extension<br />
<br />
== Command Line Tips/Tricks ==<br />
<br />
You can SSH to the Beagle controlling your KiwiSDR, and login as 'root'. There is no password, by default.<br />
<br />
Watch user logins and departures in real time:<br />
<br />
<code><br />
tail -F /var/log/user.log | egrep 'ARRIVED|LEAVING' /var/log/user.log<br />
</code></div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/KiwiSDRKiwiSDR2019-01-02T20:53:45Z<p>Commsigma: /* KiwiSDRs Tips */</p>
<hr />
<div>= Overview =<br />
Placeholder page<br />
<br />
<br />
= KiwiSDRs run by HFU Members =<br />
* Wake Forest, NC USA http://chimay.homelinux.org:8073<br />
* Westminster, MD USA http://sdr.hfunderpants.com:8073<br />
* CT/MA Border, Northeast USA http://sigmasdr.ddns.net:8073<br />
* Mojave Desert, CA USA http://tokenradio.proxy.kiwisdr.com:8073/<br />
* Westerville, OH USA http://ohioswl.com:8073<br />
* Old Hickory, TN USA http://midtn.dynu.net:8073<br />
* Warwick, RI USA http://joeflips.hopto.org:8073/<br />
* Seattle, WA USA http://strangebeacons.proxy.kiwisdr.com:8073/<br />
<br />
= KiwiSDRs Admin Tips =<br />
<br />
== Power Supplies ==<br />
<br />
One solid option for a nice regulated 5vdc power supply are supplies made by Acopian. Beerus Maximus found one of these supplies on eBay for $35, model number 5EB200. The list price for this supply is $170(!)* but the one Beerus got was like new. Search "Acopian" on eBay for deals like this.<br />
<br />
*https://www.acopian.com/store/productdetail.aspx?q=i574<br />
*https://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_from=R40&_trksid=m570.l1313&_nkw=acopian+5EB200&_sacat=0<br />
<br />
== Set Static IP Address ==<br />
<br />
You may want to set the IP address of your KiwiSDR statically, rather than a dynamic DCHP address obtained from your router. Go to the Network tab on the KiwiSDR admin page to do this.<br />
<br />
== GPS Antenna ==<br />
The antenna that comes with the KiwiSDR works, but can be marginal, especially when used indoors. I bought [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00LXRQY9A/ref=oh_aui_detailpage_o00_s01?tag=blackcatsyste-20&linkCode=w00 this antenna ] from Amazon, and it seems to work better. I also found that it helps tremendously to have the antenna sitting on a metal ground plane. A simple small aluminum baking sheet works great. I carefully adjusted the location of the antenna on the sheet, as well as the location of both (they are sitting on a shelf) for maximum signal(s) from the GPS satellites. <br />
<br />
I just replace the pan with a sheet of aluminum foil, and that seems to work even better.<br />
<br />
== Enclosures ==<br />
<br />
An all aluminum case is available from [https://www.seeedstudio.com/KiwiSDR-Enclosure-p-3012.html Seeed Studios] that includes a small cooling fan.<br />
<br />
== DX Labels ==<br />
<br />
DX Labels can be added to help users quickly identify and choose frequencies, automatically set passband, mode, and extension, etc. Users can click on a label and the receiver will be set to the parameters you choose. Only administrators can add or make changes to labels.<br />
<br />
To add, edit, or modify labels:<br />
<br />
Press and hold the shift key and then click on the label bar to add a new label. To modify or delete an existing label, press and hold the shift key and click on the label you wish to change.<br />
<br />
* The Freq and Mode fields are taken from the receiver's settings when you add a new label. These can be edited if desired.<br />
<br />
* The Ident field is the text that is shown on the DX label bar. HTML tags (e.g. <nowiki><br></nowiki> to make two lines of text) can be used to make labels more readable if desired.<br />
<br />
* The Notes field allows for additional information to be displayed by hovering the mouse over the label (such as day or time station is active). <br />
<br />
* The Passband field can be set by specifying it in Hz. <br />
<br />
* The Extension field can be set my specifying an available extension<br />
<br />
== Command Line Tips/Tricks ==<br />
<br />
You can SSH to the Beagle controlling your KiwiSDR, and login as 'root'. There is no password, by default.<br />
<br />
Watch user logins and departures in real time:<br />
<br />
<code><br />
tail -F /var/log/user.log | egrep 'ARRIVED|LEAVING' /var/log/user.log<br />
</code></div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/KiwiSDRKiwiSDR2018-11-12T14:01:48Z<p>Commsigma: /* DX Tags */</p>
<hr />
<div>= Overview =<br />
Placeholder page<br />
<br />
<br />
= KiwiSDRs run by HFU Members =<br />
* Wake Forest, NC USA http://chimay.homelinux.org:8073<br />
* Westminster, MD USA http://sdr.hfunderpants.com:8073<br />
* CT/MA Border, Northeast USA http://sigmasdr.ddns.net:8073<br />
* Mojave Desert, CA USA http://tokenradio.proxy.kiwisdr.com:8073/<br />
* Westerville, OH USA http://ohioswl.com:8073<br />
<br />
= KiwiSDRs Tips =<br />
<br />
== Set Static IP Address ==<br />
<br />
You may want to set the IP address of your KiwiSDR statically, rather than a dynamic DCHP address obtained from your router. Go to the Network tab on the KiwiSDR admin page to do this.<br />
<br />
== GPS Antenna ==<br />
The antenna that comes with the KiwiSDR works, but can be marginal, especially when used indoors. I bought [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00LXRQY9A/ref=oh_aui_detailpage_o00_s01?tag=blackcatsyste-20&linkCode=w00 this antenna ] from Amazon, and it seems to work better. I also found that it helps tremendously to have the antenna sitting on a metal ground plane. A simple small aluminum baking sheet works great. I carefully adjusted the location of the antenna on the sheet, as well as the location of both (they are sitting on a shelf) for maximum signal(s) from the GPS satellites. <br />
<br />
I just replace the pan with a sheet of aluminum foil, and that seems to work even better.<br />
<br />
== Enclosures ==<br />
<br />
An all aluminum case is available from [https://www.seeedstudio.com/KiwiSDR-Enclosure-p-3012.html Seeed Studios] that includes a small cooling fan.<br />
<br />
== DX Labels ==<br />
<br />
DX Labels can be added to help users quickly identify and choose frequencies, automatically set passband, mode, and extension, etc. Users can click on a label and the receiver will be set to the parameters you choose. Only administrators can add or make changes to labels.<br />
<br />
To add, edit, or modify labels:<br />
<br />
Press and hold the shift key and then click on the label bar to add a new label. To modify or delete an existing label, press and hold the shift key and click on the label you wish to change.<br />
<br />
* The Freq and Mode fields are taken from the receiver's settings when you add a new label. These can be edited if desired.<br />
<br />
* The Ident field is the text that is shown on the DX label bar. HTML tags (e.g. <nowiki><br></nowiki> to make two lines of text) can be used to make labels more readable if desired.<br />
<br />
* The Notes field allows for additional information to be displayed by hovering the mouse over the label (such as day or time station is active). <br />
<br />
* The Passband field can be set by specifying it in Hz. <br />
<br />
* The Extension field can be set my specifying an available extension</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/KiwiSDRKiwiSDR2018-11-11T21:20:07Z<p>Commsigma: /* KiwiSDRs Tips */</p>
<hr />
<div>= Overview =<br />
Placeholder page<br />
<br />
<br />
= KiwiSDRs run by HFU Members =<br />
* Wake Forest, NC USA http://chimay.homelinux.org:8073<br />
* Westminster, MD USA http://sdr.hfunderpants.com:8073<br />
* CT/MA Border, Northeast USA http://sigmasdr.ddns.net:8073<br />
* Mojave Desert, CA USA http://tokenradio.proxy.kiwisdr.com:8073/<br />
* Westerville, OH USA http://ohioswl.com:8073<br />
<br />
= KiwiSDRs Tips =<br />
<br />
== Set Static IP Address ==<br />
<br />
You may want to set the IP address of your KiwiSDR statically, rather than a dynamic DCHP address obtained from your router. Go to the Network tab on the KiwiSDR admin page to do this.<br />
<br />
== GPS Antenna ==<br />
The antenna that comes with the KiwiSDR works, but can be marginal, especially when used indoors. I bought [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00LXRQY9A/ref=oh_aui_detailpage_o00_s01?tag=blackcatsyste-20&linkCode=w00 this antenna ] from Amazon, and it seems to work better. I also found that it helps tremendously to have the antenna sitting on a metal ground plane. A simple small aluminum baking sheet works great. I carefully adjusted the location of the antenna on the sheet, as well as the location of both (they are sitting on a shelf) for maximum signal(s) from the GPS satellites. <br />
<br />
I just replace the pan with a sheet of aluminum foil, and that seems to work even better.<br />
<br />
== Enclosures ==<br />
<br />
An all aluminum case is available from [https://www.seeedstudio.com/KiwiSDR-Enclosure-p-3012.html Seeed Studios] that includes a small cooling fan.<br />
<br />
== DX Tags ==<br />
<br />
DX tags can be added to help users quickly identify and choose frequencies, automatically set passband, mode, and extension, etc. Users can click on a tag and the receiver will be set to the parameters you choose. Only administrators can add or make changes to tags.<br />
<br />
To add, edit, or modify tags:<br />
<br />
Press and hold the shift key and then click on the tag bar to add a new tag. To modify or delete an existing tag, press and hold the shift key and click on the tag you wish to change.<br />
<br />
* The Freq and Mode fields are taken from the receiver's settings when you add a new tag. These can be edited if desired.<br />
<br />
* The Ident field is the text that is shown on the tag bar. HTML tags (e.g. <nowiki><br></nowiki> to make two lines of text) can be used to make tags more readable if desired.<br />
<br />
* The Notes field allows for additional information to be displayed by hovering the mouse over the tag (such as day or time station is active). <br />
<br />
* The Passband field can be set by specifying it in Hz. <br />
<br />
* The Extension field can be set my specifying an available extension</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Main_PageMain Page2018-11-09T20:25:07Z<p>Commsigma: </p>
<hr />
<div>Welcome to HFUnderground.com, aka the HFU. This site is dedicated to documenting longwave, mediumwave, and shortwave stations, including broadcasters, utility/military stations, pirate radio and spy numbers stations. <br />
<br />
'''Be sure to visit the [http://www.hfunderground.com/board/ HF Underground Message Board] for the latest reception reports and news about pirate and other shortwave radio stations.<br />
'''<br />
<br />
Everyone who is a radio enthusiast is encouraged to add information to the site. Just become a registered user, and you can start to contribute!<br />
<br />
*[[Radio Hobby Related Software]]<br />
*[[Amateur radio|Amateur (ham) radio]]<br />
*[[DXing]]<br />
*[[Pirate radio stations]]<br />
*[[List of Pirate Radio Frequencies|Pirate radio frequencies]]<br />
*[[Pirate radio station email addresses]]<br />
*[[Pirate QSL Collection]]<br />
*[[Pirate Radio New Listener Guide and FAQ]]<br />
*[[:Category:People]]<br />
*[[Signal Identification]]<br />
*[[Shortwave Broadcast Stations]]<br />
*[[Shortwave jammers]]<br />
*[[Shortwave Utility Stations]]<br />
*[[Spy numbers stations]]<br />
*[[Mediumwave Broadcast Stations]]<br />
*[[Mediumwave Utility Stations]]<br />
*[[Longwave Broadcast Stations]]<br />
*[[Longwave Utility Stations]]<br />
*[[HF_marine|MF/HF marine radio]]<br />
*[[Maritime Weather Transmissions|MF/HF maritime weather transmissions]]<br />
*[[Maritime Fax Transmissions|MF/HF maritime fax transmissions]]<br />
*[[VHF / UHF Radio]]<br />
*[[Business Radio|Business Radio Service]]<br />
*[[CB|CB and Freebanding]]<br />
*[[Community Audio Distribution Service|Community Audio Distribution Service (CADS) and Wireless Public Address System (WPAS) (27 MHz Church Radio)]]<br />
*[[Remote Control]]<br />
*[[HF_pagers|26-28 MHz Data Link Networks and Pagers]]<br />
*[[Miscellaneous]]<br />
*[[Pescadores|Pescadores peskies HF freebanders]]<br />
*[[RTL-SDR]]<br />
*[[Technical Topics]]<br />
*[[NIST_Digital_Archives|NIST Digital Archives]]<br />
*[[Part_15_Beacons|Part 15 Beacons]]<br />
*[[High Frequency Beacon]]<br />
*Radio Related [[Blogs]] <br />
*[[KiwiSDR]]<br />
<br />
'''[[:Category:Main topics]]''':Top level category of articles and images.<br />
<br />
[http://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/Special:Recentchanges?feed=rss Recent Changes RSS Feed]<br />
<br />
[http://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/Special:Newpages?feed=rss New Pages RSS Feed]<br />
<br />
<br />
== Internet Relay Chat ==<br />
<br />
Many pirate and other radio enthusiasts hang out on the #PirateRadio and #WUNClub IRC (Internet Relay Chat) channels on the StarChat network.<br />
This is a place where you can chat with fellow listeners, as well as share monitoring catches in real time.<br />
<br />
Joining the chat is fairly easy. You can use the online chat below until you get an IRC client.<br />
The Java chat requires a browser with Java enabled.<br />
<br />
[http://www.starchat.net/chat/?chan=PirateRadio Click here to be taken to the #PirateRadio chat]<br />
<br />
[http://www.starchat.net/chat/?chan=WUNClub Click here to be taken to the #WUNClub chat]<br />
<br />
[http://www.starchat.net/chat/?chan=mid-atlantic-scan Click here to be taken to the #mid-atlantic-scan chat] (Mid Atlantic VHF/UHF Radio Scanning)</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/KiwiSDRKiwiSDR2018-11-04T13:23:57Z<p>Commsigma: </p>
<hr />
<div>= Overview =<br />
Placeholder page<br />
<br />
<br />
= KiwiSDRs run by HFU Members =<br />
* Wake Forest, NC USA http://chimay.homelinux.org:8073<br />
* Westminster, MD USA http://sdr.hfunderpants.com:8073<br />
* CT/MA Border, Northeast USA http://sigmasdr.ddns.net:8073<br />
<br />
= KiwiSDRs Tips =<br />
<br />
== Set Static IP Address ==<br />
<br />
You may want to set the IP address of your KiwiSDR statically, rather than a dynamic DCHP address obtained from your router. Go to the Network tab on the KiwiSDR admin page to do this.<br />
<br />
== GPS Antenna ==<br />
The antenna that comes with the KiwiSDR works, but can be marginal, especially when used indoors. I bought [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00LXRQY9A/ref=oh_aui_detailpage_o00_s01?tag=blackcatsyste-20&linkCode=w00 this antenna ] from Amazon, and it seems to work better. I also found that it helps tremendously to have the antenna sitting on a metal ground plane. A simple small aluminum baking sheet works great. I carefully adjusted the location of the antenna on the sheet, as well as the location of both (they are sitting on a shelf) for maximum signal(s) from the GPS satellites.<br />
<br />
== Enclosures ==<br />
<br />
An all aluminum case is available from [https://www.seeedstudio.com/KiwiSDR-Enclosure-p-3012.html Seeed Studios] that includes a small cooling fan.</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/KiwiSDRKiwiSDR2018-11-04T13:18:43Z<p>Commsigma: </p>
<hr />
<div>= Overview =<br />
Placeholder page<br />
<br />
<br />
= KiwiSDRs run by HFU Members =<br />
* Wake Forest, NC USA http://chimay.homelinux.org:8073<br />
* Westminster, MD USA http://sdr.hfunderpants.com:8073<br />
* CT/MA Border, Northeast USA http://sigmasdr.ddns.net:8073<br />
<br />
= KiwiSDRs Tips =<br />
<br />
== Set Static IP Address ==<br />
<br />
You may want to set the IP address of your KiwiSDR statically, rather than a dynamic DCHP address obtained from your router. Go to the Network tab on the KiwiSDR admin page to do this.<br />
<br />
== GPS Antenna ==<br />
The antenna that comes with the KiwiSDR works, but can be marginal, especially when used indoors. I bought [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00LXRQY9A/ref=oh_aui_detailpage_o00_s01?tag=blackcatsyste-20&linkCode=w00 this antenna ] from Amazon, and it seems to work better. I also found that it helps tremendously to have the antenna sitting on a metal ground plane. A simple small aluminum baking sheet works great. I carefully adjusted the location of the antenna on the sheet, as well as the location of both (they are sitting on a shelf) for maximum signal(s) from the GPS satellites.</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/KiwiSDRKiwiSDR2018-11-04T13:18:16Z<p>Commsigma: </p>
<hr />
<div>= Overview =<br />
Placeholder page<br />
<br />
<br />
= KiwiSDRs run by HFU Members =<br />
* Wake Forest, NC USA http://chimay.homelinux.org:8073<br />
* Westminster, MD USA http://sdr.hfunderpants.com:8073<br />
* CT/MA Border, NE USA http://sigmasdr.ddns.net:8073<br />
<br />
= KiwiSDRs Tips =<br />
<br />
== Set Static IP Address ==<br />
<br />
You may want to set the IP address of your KiwiSDR statically, rather than a dynamic DCHP address obtained from your router. Go to the Network tab on the KiwiSDR admin page to do this.<br />
<br />
== GPS Antenna ==<br />
The antenna that comes with the KiwiSDR works, but can be marginal, especially when used indoors. I bought [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00LXRQY9A/ref=oh_aui_detailpage_o00_s01?tag=blackcatsyste-20&linkCode=w00 this antenna ] from Amazon, and it seems to work better. I also found that it helps tremendously to have the antenna sitting on a metal ground plane. A simple small aluminum baking sheet works great. I carefully adjusted the location of the antenna on the sheet, as well as the location of both (they are sitting on a shelf) for maximum signal(s) from the GPS satellites.</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Part_15_BeaconsPart 15 Beacons2018-01-01T19:39:29Z<p>Commsigma: </p>
<hr />
<div>= Overview =<br />
<br />
There are three bands available to hobbyists for Part 15 transmitters:<br />
* 160 - 190 kHz<br />
* 13.553 - 13.567 kHz (often referred to as 13560 kHz)<br />
* 26960 - 27280 kHz<br />
<br />
== 160-190 kHz Part 15 Beacons ==<br />
* 167.180 LC Sacramento CA <br />
* 180.580 6R El Dorado Hills CA<br />
* 181.818 JH Florence SC<br />
* 182.448 R Keeler CA<br />
* 183.500 WD2XFJ Burbank CA<br />
* 185.100 22A Baraga MI<br />
* 185.185 SIW Oswego IL<br />
* 185.290 KT Oswego KS<br />
* 185.295 MBD Westminster CO <br />
* 185.297 TAG Raymond ME<br />
* 185.298 CV South Coffeyville OK<br />
* 185.299 SIW Oswego IL<br />
* 185.303 SJ East Haven CT<br />
* 185.650 WE2XEB Penn Yan NY<br />
* 186.008 WG2XNI Denver CO<br />
* 186.204 MLS Massilon OH<br />
* 187.015 J La Crescenta CA<br />
* 187.507 WI Aiken SC<br />
* 188.830 EAR Saltford, ON<br />
<br />
<br />
== 13560 kHz Part 15 Beacons ==<br />
<br />
*13554.000 AZ Oro Valley AZ<br />
*13555.380 USC Spartanburg SC<br />
*13555.414 TAG Holden MA<br />
*13555.420 JIM Dallas TX<br />
*13555.430 SIW Elgin IL<br />
*13555.440 SIW Elgin IL<br />
*13555.450 MP London ON<br />
*13555.462 EH East Haven CT<br />
*13555.465 XR Friendsville TN <br />
*13555.472 7P Ajo AZ<br />
*13555.484 BC Spring Creek NV<br />
*13555.500 NC Stanfield NC<br />
*13555.528 EDJ Monroe GA<br />
*13555.600 MTI Stone Mountain GA<br />
*13555.920 WV Richwood, WV<br />
*13555.98 TSN<br />
*13556.200 HHH CT/MA Border (testing, may not be 24/7)<br />
*13556.600 OH Findlay OH<br />
*13557.50 PBJ Tracey City TN<br />
*13557.800 PLM [UNKNOWN]<br />
*13558.2 PVC<br />
*13558.510 AJO Ajo AZ<br />
*13562.080 NDB<br />
*13562.950 SZX Macomb IL<br />
*13563.000 RR<br />
*13563.55 PCO Colorado<br />
*13564.280 T Sun City CA<br />
*13565.050 FRC Patterson CA<br />
*13562.80 GNK Madison WI<br />
*13564.00 K6FRC<br />
*13564.20 RF Grid EM96 NC<br />
<br />
Pending beacons:<br />
<br />
<br />
*''Freq TBD VVV CT/MA Border (Vertical dipole, solar powered)''<br />
*''Freq TBD WOO Worcester, MA (Solar powered)''<br />
<br />
== 26960-27280 kHz Part 15 Beacons ==<br />
None reported<br />
<br />
== 22 meter band beacon kit ==<br />
<br />
This beacon includes a custom programmed micro controller which sends the CW ID.<br />
<br />
Available from: [https://blackcatsystems.com/rf-products/22_meter_band_part_15_beacon_kit.html https://blackcatsystems.com/rf-products/22_meter_band_part_15_beacon_kit.html]<br />
<br />
https://blackcatsystems.com/rf-products/pics/beacon/beacon_finished.jpg<br />
<br />
<br />
== FCC Regulations ==<br />
<br />
=== 160 - 190 kHz ===<br />
15.217 Operation in the band 160-190 kHz.<br />
(a) The total input power to the final radio frequency stage (exclusive of <br />
filament or heater power) shall not exceed one watt.<br />
(b) The total length of the transmission line, antenna, and ground lead<br />
(if used) shall not exceed 15 meters.<br />
(c) All emissions below 160 kHz or above 190 kHz shall be attenuated at<br />
least 20 dB below the level of the unmodulated carrier. Determination<br />
of compliance with the 20 dB attenuation specification may be based on<br />
measurements at the intentional radiator's antenna output terminal<br />
unless the intentional radiator uses a permanently attached antenna, in<br />
which case compliance shall be demonstrated by measuring the radiated<br />
emissions.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 13560 kHz ===<br />
15.225 Operation within the band 13.110-14.010 MHz.<br />
(a) The field strength of any emissions within the band 13.553-13.567<br />
MHz shall not exceed 15,848 microvolts/meter at 30 meters.<br />
(b) Within the bands 13.410-13.553 MHz and 13.567-13.710 MHz, the field<br />
strength of any emissions shall not exceed 334 microvolts/meter at 30<br />
meters.<br />
(c) Within the bands 13.110-13.410 MHz and 13.710-14.010 MHz the field<br />
strength of any emissions shall not exceed 106 microvolts/meter at 30<br />
meters.<br />
(d) The field strength of any emissions appearing outside of the<br />
13.110-14.010 MHz band shall not exceed the general radiated emission<br />
limits in § 15.209.<br />
(e) The frequency tolerance of the carrier signal shall be maintained<br />
within ±0.01% of the operating frequency over a temperature variation<br />
of −20 degrees to +50 degrees C at normal supply voltage, and for a<br />
variation in the primary supply voltage from 85% to 115% of the rated<br />
supply voltage at a temperature of 20 degrees C. For battery operated<br />
equipment, the equipment tests shall be performed using a new battery.<br />
(f) In the case of radio frequency powered tags designed to operate<br />
with a device authorized under this section, the tag may be approved<br />
with the device or be considered as a separate device subject to its<br />
own authorization. Powered tags approved with a device under a single<br />
application shall be labeled with the same identification number as the<br />
device.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 26960 - 27280 kHz ===<br />
15.227 Operation within the band 26.96-27.28 MHz.<br />
(a) The field strength of any emission within this band shall not<br />
exceed 10,000 microvolts/meter at 3 meters. The emission limit in this<br />
paragraph is based on measurement instrumentation employing an average<br />
detector. The provisions in § 15.35 for limiting peak emissions apply.<br />
(b) The field strength of any emissions which appear outside of this<br />
band shall not exceed the general radiated emission limits in § 15.209.<br />
<br />
UNDERSTANDING THE FCC REGULATIONS FOR LOW-POWER, NON-LICENSED TRANSMITTERS<br />
http://transition.fcc.gov/Bureaus/Engineering_Technology/Documents/bulletins/oet63/oet63rev.pdf<br />
<br />
[[Category:Beacons]]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Part_15_BeaconsPart 15 Beacons2018-01-01T19:38:33Z<p>Commsigma: </p>
<hr />
<div>= Overview =<br />
<br />
There are three bands available to hobbyists for Part 15 transmitters:<br />
* 160 - 190 kHz<br />
* 13.553 - 13.567 kHz (often referred to as 13560 kHz)<br />
* 26960 - 27280 kHz<br />
<br />
== 160-190 kHz Part 15 Beacons ==<br />
* 167.180 LC Sacramento CA <br />
* 180.580 6R El Dorado Hills CA<br />
* 181.818 JH Florence SC<br />
* 182.448 R Keeler CA<br />
* 183.500 WD2XFJ Burbank CA<br />
* 185.100 22A Baraga MI<br />
* 185.185 SIW Oswego IL<br />
* 185.290 KT Oswego KS<br />
* 185.295 MBD Westminster CO <br />
* 185.297 TAG Raymond ME<br />
* 185.298 CV South Coffeyville OK<br />
* 185.299 SIW Oswego IL<br />
* 185.303 SJ East Haven CT<br />
* 185.650 WE2XEB Penn Yan NY<br />
* 186.008 WG2XNI Denver CO<br />
* 186.204 MLS Massilon OH<br />
* 187.015 J La Crescenta CA<br />
* 187.507 WI Aiken SC<br />
* 188.830 EAR Saltford, ON<br />
<br />
<br />
== 13560 kHz Part 15 Beacons ==<br />
<br />
*13554.000 AZ Oro Valley AZ<br />
*13555.380 USC Spartanburg SC<br />
*13555.414 TAG Holden MA<br />
*13555.420 JIM Dallas TX<br />
*13555.430 SIW Elgin IL<br />
*13555.440 SIW Elgin IL<br />
*13555.450 MP London ON<br />
*13555.462 EH East Haven CT<br />
*13555.465 XR Friendsville TN <br />
*13555.472 7P Ajo AZ<br />
*13555.484 BC Spring Creek NV<br />
*13555.500 NC Stanfield NC<br />
*13555.528 EDJ Monroe GA<br />
*13555.600 MTI Stone Mountain GA<br />
*13555.920 WV Richwood, WV<br />
*13555.98 TSN<br />
*13556.200 HHH CT/MA Border (testing, may not be 24/7)<br />
*13556.600 OH Findlay OH<br />
*13557.50 PBJ Tracey City TN<br />
*13557.80 PLM [UNKNOWN]<br />
*13558.2 PVC<br />
*13558.510 AJO Ajo AZ<br />
*13562.080 NDB<br />
*13562.950 SZX Macomb IL<br />
*13563.000 RR<br />
*13563.55 PCO Colorado<br />
*13564.280 T Sun City CA<br />
*13565.050 FRC Patterson CA<br />
*13562.80 GNK Madison WI<br />
*13564.00 K6FRC<br />
*13564.20 RF Grid EM96 NC<br />
<br />
Pending beacons:<br />
<br />
<br />
*''Freq TBD VVV CT/MA Border (Vertical dipole, solar powered)''<br />
*''Freq TBD WOO Worcester, MA (Solar powered)''<br />
<br />
== 26960-27280 kHz Part 15 Beacons ==<br />
None reported<br />
<br />
== 22 meter band beacon kit ==<br />
<br />
This beacon includes a custom programmed micro controller which sends the CW ID.<br />
<br />
Available from: [https://blackcatsystems.com/rf-products/22_meter_band_part_15_beacon_kit.html https://blackcatsystems.com/rf-products/22_meter_band_part_15_beacon_kit.html]<br />
<br />
https://blackcatsystems.com/rf-products/pics/beacon/beacon_finished.jpg<br />
<br />
<br />
== FCC Regulations ==<br />
<br />
=== 160 - 190 kHz ===<br />
15.217 Operation in the band 160-190 kHz.<br />
(a) The total input power to the final radio frequency stage (exclusive of <br />
filament or heater power) shall not exceed one watt.<br />
(b) The total length of the transmission line, antenna, and ground lead<br />
(if used) shall not exceed 15 meters.<br />
(c) All emissions below 160 kHz or above 190 kHz shall be attenuated at<br />
least 20 dB below the level of the unmodulated carrier. Determination<br />
of compliance with the 20 dB attenuation specification may be based on<br />
measurements at the intentional radiator's antenna output terminal<br />
unless the intentional radiator uses a permanently attached antenna, in<br />
which case compliance shall be demonstrated by measuring the radiated<br />
emissions.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 13560 kHz ===<br />
15.225 Operation within the band 13.110-14.010 MHz.<br />
(a) The field strength of any emissions within the band 13.553-13.567<br />
MHz shall not exceed 15,848 microvolts/meter at 30 meters.<br />
(b) Within the bands 13.410-13.553 MHz and 13.567-13.710 MHz, the field<br />
strength of any emissions shall not exceed 334 microvolts/meter at 30<br />
meters.<br />
(c) Within the bands 13.110-13.410 MHz and 13.710-14.010 MHz the field<br />
strength of any emissions shall not exceed 106 microvolts/meter at 30<br />
meters.<br />
(d) The field strength of any emissions appearing outside of the<br />
13.110-14.010 MHz band shall not exceed the general radiated emission<br />
limits in § 15.209.<br />
(e) The frequency tolerance of the carrier signal shall be maintained<br />
within ±0.01% of the operating frequency over a temperature variation<br />
of −20 degrees to +50 degrees C at normal supply voltage, and for a<br />
variation in the primary supply voltage from 85% to 115% of the rated<br />
supply voltage at a temperature of 20 degrees C. For battery operated<br />
equipment, the equipment tests shall be performed using a new battery.<br />
(f) In the case of radio frequency powered tags designed to operate<br />
with a device authorized under this section, the tag may be approved<br />
with the device or be considered as a separate device subject to its<br />
own authorization. Powered tags approved with a device under a single<br />
application shall be labeled with the same identification number as the<br />
device.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 26960 - 27280 kHz ===<br />
15.227 Operation within the band 26.96-27.28 MHz.<br />
(a) The field strength of any emission within this band shall not<br />
exceed 10,000 microvolts/meter at 3 meters. The emission limit in this<br />
paragraph is based on measurement instrumentation employing an average<br />
detector. The provisions in § 15.35 for limiting peak emissions apply.<br />
(b) The field strength of any emissions which appear outside of this<br />
band shall not exceed the general radiated emission limits in § 15.209.<br />
<br />
UNDERSTANDING THE FCC REGULATIONS FOR LOW-POWER, NON-LICENSED TRANSMITTERS<br />
http://transition.fcc.gov/Bureaus/Engineering_Technology/Documents/bulletins/oet63/oet63rev.pdf<br />
<br />
[[Category:Beacons]]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Part_15_BeaconsPart 15 Beacons2017-12-09T20:06:41Z<p>Commsigma: </p>
<hr />
<div>= Overview =<br />
<br />
There are three bands available to hobbyists for Part 15 transmitters:<br />
* 160 - 190 kHz<br />
* 13.553 - 13.567 kHz (often referred to as 13560 kHz)<br />
* 26960 - 27280 kHz<br />
<br />
== 160-190 kHz Part 15 Beacons ==<br />
* 167.180 LC Sacramento CA <br />
* 180.580 6R El Dorado Hills CA<br />
* 181.818 JH Florence SC<br />
* 182.448 R Keeler CA<br />
* 183.500 WD2XFJ Burbank CA<br />
* 185.100 22A Baraga MI<br />
* 185.185 SIW Oswego IL<br />
* 185.290 KT Oswego KS<br />
* 185.295 MBD Westminster CO <br />
* 185.297 TAG Raymond ME<br />
* 185.298 CV South Coffeyville OK<br />
* 185.299 SIW Oswego IL<br />
* 185.303 SJ East Haven CT<br />
* 185.650 WE2XEB Penn Yan NY<br />
* 186.008 WG2XNI Denver CO<br />
* 186.204 MLS Massilon OH<br />
* 187.015 J La Crescenta CA<br />
* 187.507 WI Aiken SC<br />
* 188.830 EAR Saltford, ON<br />
<br />
<br />
== 13560 kHz Part 15 Beacons ==<br />
<br />
*13554.000 AZ Oro Valley AZ<br />
*13555.380 USC Spartanburg SC<br />
*13555.414 TAG Holden MA<br />
*13555.420 JIM Dallas TX<br />
*13555.430 SIW Elgin IL<br />
*13555.440 SIW Elgin IL<br />
*13555.450 MP London ON<br />
*13555.462 EH East Haven CT<br />
*13555.465 XR Friendsville TN <br />
*13555.472 7P Ajo AZ<br />
*13555.484 BC Spring Creek NV<br />
*13555.500 NC Stanfield NC<br />
*13555.528 EDJ Monroe GA<br />
*13555.600 MTI Stone Mountain GA<br />
*13556.200 HHH CT/MA Border (testing, may not be 24/7)<br />
*13556.600 OH Findlay OH<br />
*13557.50 PBJ Tracey City TN<br />
*13558.510 AJO Ajo AZ<br />
*13562.080 NDB<br />
*13562.950 SZX Macomb IL<br />
*13563.000 RR<br />
*13564.280 T Sun City CA<br />
*13565.050 FRC Patterson CA<br />
*13562.80 GNK Madison WI<br />
*13564.00 K6FRC<br />
<br />
Pending beacons:<br />
<br />
<br />
*''Freq TBD VVV CT/MA Border (Vertical dipole, solar powered)''<br />
*''Freq TBD WOO Worcester, MA (Solar powered)''<br />
<br />
<br />
== 26960-27280 kHz Part 15 Beacons ==<br />
None reported<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== FCC Regulations ==<br />
<br />
=== 160 - 190 kHz ===<br />
15.217 Operation in the band 160-190 kHz.<br />
(a) The total input power to the final radio frequency stage (exclusive of <br />
filament or heater power) shall not exceed one watt.<br />
(b) The total length of the transmission line, antenna, and ground lead<br />
(if used) shall not exceed 15 meters.<br />
(c) All emissions below 160 kHz or above 190 kHz shall be attenuated at<br />
least 20 dB below the level of the unmodulated carrier. Determination<br />
of compliance with the 20 dB attenuation specification may be based on<br />
measurements at the intentional radiator's antenna output terminal<br />
unless the intentional radiator uses a permanently attached antenna, in<br />
which case compliance shall be demonstrated by measuring the radiated<br />
emissions.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 13560 kHz ===<br />
15.225 Operation within the band 13.110-14.010 MHz.<br />
(a) The field strength of any emissions within the band 13.553-13.567<br />
MHz shall not exceed 15,848 microvolts/meter at 30 meters.<br />
(b) Within the bands 13.410-13.553 MHz and 13.567-13.710 MHz, the field<br />
strength of any emissions shall not exceed 334 microvolts/meter at 30<br />
meters.<br />
(c) Within the bands 13.110-13.410 MHz and 13.710-14.010 MHz the field<br />
strength of any emissions shall not exceed 106 microvolts/meter at 30<br />
meters.<br />
(d) The field strength of any emissions appearing outside of the<br />
13.110-14.010 MHz band shall not exceed the general radiated emission<br />
limits in § 15.209.<br />
(e) The frequency tolerance of the carrier signal shall be maintained<br />
within ±0.01% of the operating frequency over a temperature variation<br />
of −20 degrees to +50 degrees C at normal supply voltage, and for a<br />
variation in the primary supply voltage from 85% to 115% of the rated<br />
supply voltage at a temperature of 20 degrees C. For battery operated<br />
equipment, the equipment tests shall be performed using a new battery.<br />
(f) In the case of radio frequency powered tags designed to operate<br />
with a device authorized under this section, the tag may be approved<br />
with the device or be considered as a separate device subject to its<br />
own authorization. Powered tags approved with a device under a single<br />
application shall be labeled with the same identification number as the<br />
device.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 26960 - 27280 kHz ===<br />
15.227 Operation within the band 26.96-27.28 MHz.<br />
(a) The field strength of any emission within this band shall not<br />
exceed 10,000 microvolts/meter at 3 meters. The emission limit in this<br />
paragraph is based on measurement instrumentation employing an average<br />
detector. The provisions in § 15.35 for limiting peak emissions apply.<br />
(b) The field strength of any emissions which appear outside of this<br />
band shall not exceed the general radiated emission limits in § 15.209.<br />
<br />
UNDERSTANDING THE FCC REGULATIONS FOR LOW-POWER, NON-LICENSED TRANSMITTERS<br />
http://transition.fcc.gov/Bureaus/Engineering_Technology/Documents/bulletins/oet63/oet63rev.pdf<br />
<br />
[[Category:Beacons]]</div>Commsigmahttps://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/index.php/Part_15_BeaconsPart 15 Beacons2017-12-02T17:43:28Z<p>Commsigma: </p>
<hr />
<div>= Overview =<br />
<br />
There are three bands available to hobbyists for Part 15 transmitters:<br />
* 160 - 190 kHz<br />
* 13.553 - 13.567 kHz (often referred to as 13560 kHz)<br />
* 26960 - 27280 kHz<br />
<br />
== 160-190 kHz Part 15 Beacons ==<br />
* 167.180 LC Sacramento CA <br />
* 180.580 6R El Dorado Hills CA<br />
* 181.818 JH Florence SC<br />
* 182.448 R Keeler CA<br />
* 183.500 WD2XFJ Burbank CA<br />
* 185.100 22A Baraga MI<br />
* 185.185 SIW Oswego IL<br />
* 185.290 KT Oswego KS<br />
* 185.295 MBD Westminster CO <br />
* 185.297 TAG Raymond ME<br />
* 185.298 CV South Coffeyville OK<br />
* 185.299 SIW Oswego IL<br />
* 185.303 SJ East Haven CT<br />
* 185.650 WE2XEB Penn Yan NY<br />
* 186.008 WG2XNI Denver CO<br />
* 186.204 MLS Massilon OH<br />
* 187.015 J La Crescenta CA<br />
* 187.507 WI Aiken SC<br />
* 188.830 EAR Saltford, ON<br />
<br />
<br />
== 13560 kHz Part 15 Beacons ==<br />
<br />
*13554.000 AZ Oro Valley AZ<br />
*13555.380 USC Spartanburg SC<br />
*13555.414 TAG Holden MA<br />
*13555.420 JIM Dallas TX<br />
*13555.430 SIW Elgin IL<br />
*13555.440 SIW Elgin IL<br />
*13555.450 MP London ON<br />
*13555.462 EH East Haven CT<br />
*13555.465 XR Friendsville TN <br />
*13555.472 7P Ajo AZ<br />
*13555.484 BC Spring Creek NV<br />
*13555.500 NC Stanfield NC<br />
*13555.528 EDJ Monroe GA<br />
*13555.600 MTI Stone Mountain GA<br />
*13556.600 OH Findlay OH<br />
*13557.50 PBJ Tracey City TN<br />
*13558.510 AJO Ajo AZ<br />
*13562.080 NDB<br />
*13562.950 SZX Macomb IL<br />
*13563.000 RR<br />
*13564.280 T Sun City CA<br />
*13565.050 FRC Patterson CA<br />
*13562.80 GNK Madison WI<br />
*13564.00 K6FRC<br />
<br />
Pending beacons:<br />
<br />
*''Freq TBD HHH CT/MA Border (Horizontal dipole, solar powered)''<br />
*''Freq TBD VVV CT/MA Border (Vertical dipole, solar powered)''<br />
*''Freq TBD WOO Worcester, MA (Solar powered)''<br />
<br />
<br />
== 26960-27280 kHz Part 15 Beacons ==<br />
None reported<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== FCC Regulations ==<br />
<br />
=== 160 - 190 kHz ===<br />
15.217 Operation in the band 160-190 kHz.<br />
(a) The total input power to the final radio frequency stage (exclusive of <br />
filament or heater power) shall not exceed one watt.<br />
(b) The total length of the transmission line, antenna, and ground lead<br />
(if used) shall not exceed 15 meters.<br />
(c) All emissions below 160 kHz or above 190 kHz shall be attenuated at<br />
least 20 dB below the level of the unmodulated carrier. Determination<br />
of compliance with the 20 dB attenuation specification may be based on<br />
measurements at the intentional radiator's antenna output terminal<br />
unless the intentional radiator uses a permanently attached antenna, in<br />
which case compliance shall be demonstrated by measuring the radiated<br />
emissions.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 13560 kHz ===<br />
15.225 Operation within the band 13.110-14.010 MHz.<br />
(a) The field strength of any emissions within the band 13.553-13.567<br />
MHz shall not exceed 15,848 microvolts/meter at 30 meters.<br />
(b) Within the bands 13.410-13.553 MHz and 13.567-13.710 MHz, the field<br />
strength of any emissions shall not exceed 334 microvolts/meter at 30<br />
meters.<br />
(c) Within the bands 13.110-13.410 MHz and 13.710-14.010 MHz the field<br />
strength of any emissions shall not exceed 106 microvolts/meter at 30<br />
meters.<br />
(d) The field strength of any emissions appearing outside of the<br />
13.110-14.010 MHz band shall not exceed the general radiated emission<br />
limits in § 15.209.<br />
(e) The frequency tolerance of the carrier signal shall be maintained<br />
within ±0.01% of the operating frequency over a temperature variation<br />
of −20 degrees to +50 degrees C at normal supply voltage, and for a<br />
variation in the primary supply voltage from 85% to 115% of the rated<br />
supply voltage at a temperature of 20 degrees C. For battery operated<br />
equipment, the equipment tests shall be performed using a new battery.<br />
(f) In the case of radio frequency powered tags designed to operate<br />
with a device authorized under this section, the tag may be approved<br />
with the device or be considered as a separate device subject to its<br />
own authorization. Powered tags approved with a device under a single<br />
application shall be labeled with the same identification number as the<br />
device.<br />
<br />
<br />
=== 26960 - 27280 kHz ===<br />
15.227 Operation within the band 26.96-27.28 MHz.<br />
(a) The field strength of any emission within this band shall not<br />
exceed 10,000 microvolts/meter at 3 meters. The emission limit in this<br />
paragraph is based on measurement instrumentation employing an average<br />
detector. The provisions in § 15.35 for limiting peak emissions apply.<br />
(b) The field strength of any emissions which appear outside of this<br />
band shall not exceed the general radiated emission limits in § 15.209.<br />
<br />
UNDERSTANDING THE FCC REGULATIONS FOR LOW-POWER, NON-LICENSED TRANSMITTERS<br />
http://transition.fcc.gov/Bureaus/Engineering_Technology/Documents/bulletins/oet63/oet63rev.pdf<br />
<br />
[[Category:Beacons]]</div>Commsigma