If I am thinking of the sound you are describing, then I believe it is either OTH radar or ionosonde transmissions.
The sweeps last for a few seconds each, jump around the band, and vary in speeds, right? If you hear them strong and clear, you'll usually get three beeps just before the sweeping starts, right?
Sometimes you'll hear just one speed, sometimes you'll get two or three, and occasionally you'll get what I think of as a "full diagnostic sweep" with every flavor from the fastest burr to the slowest "whoop-whoop" that they generate.