Some food for thought;
https://www.okdxf.eu/lankford/Measurements%20Of%20Some%20Loop%20And%20Vertical%20S%20to%20mmN%20Ratios.pdf"LF AM stations from Eu.. 160 Khz to 200 KHz. Any evening I can hear 3 or 4 of these on the Lankford vertical array, sometimes even 6 or 7 of these stations, and often at S6 or 7 comfortable listening levels. I CAN NOT EVEN DETECT THEM ON ANY OTHER ANTENNA ! You want a demo of low noise receive methods ? This is it ! BTW, my receivers are an IC7700, K3 and mint condition R390A, although the R390A and K3 don’t go down to the LF band. This is with 2 small 15 foot whips, 60 feet apart, fed with speaker wire, on a small urban lot. Power lines all around, crap ground, lots and lots of negative antenna influences. The array is influenced by nearby antennas, something I cannot do much about. But it still works in a highly remarkable fashion.
160M, 80M and 40M ham signals.. very good reception with the Lankford verticals. In all cases, there is less noise and improved intelligibility on weak signals compared to any other antenna. On 160M, it compares favourably or better than the K9AY, although it is more convenient to use the K9AY because of the simple K9AY switching direction system. My Lankford array requires tweaking the phaser controls, plus the null from this 2 element array is bi directional and can only be moved through 180 degrees. The SWA has the capability of moving a 360 degree very deep null towards the noise source you don’t want. This can be effective, but takes quite a bit of fiddling to make it work. "
http://www.ve1zac.com/Lankford%20Antenna%20References%20.htm