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Messages - makeRF

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1
The RF Workbench / Re: Ten Minute Transmitter
« on: March 09, 2016, 1351 UTC »
Yes, for sure!  I always add warnings for folks to use low pass filters to clean up the signal and a dummy load for experimentation.  The waveform is often not clean, especially when it's on a breadboard.  It usually looks a bit nicer when soldered, but even then it typically needs filtering for a clean waveform.

2
The RF Workbench / Ten Minute Transmitter
« on: February 26, 2016, 0423 UTC »
It's been a while since I've had time to do some radio tinkering.  I came across an interesting schematic last weekend for a very simple transmitter called the Ten Minute Transmitter.  I wrote about it here: http://makerf.com/posts/ten-minute-transmitter

If you buy a store bought RFC and use some capacitors in parallel instead of a variable capacitor, the only 'hard to get' part is the crystal.

I've done some tinkering with it since the initial build and have been able to amplify the signal up to about 9 watts!  I'm going to play with it some more and post about it again soon.

3
The RF Workbench / Re: 5 watt crystal oscillator transmitter
« on: October 31, 2014, 0110 UTC »
I finally got around to improving this circuit, thanks to the suggestions posted on this thread:
http://makerf.com/posts/a-better-amplified-crystal-oscillator-transmitter

As I mention in my writeup, depending on the crystal oscillator used, I get anywhere from 1 watt to 20 watts out of this!  Some of those metal can oscillators can generate some serious power that the IRF510 amplifies greatly.  I'll be working on another oscillator stage for this circuit soon and dump the crystal oscillator for obvious reasons.

4
The RF Workbench / Re: Symptoms of an oscillating amplifier?
« on: October 17, 2014, 1404 UTC »
There are several versions of the LM386.  Dave Martin's Corsair also used one to series modulate the driver stage of his Corsair.  The consensus in our builder's group was that the best modulation came from the LM386-N3 or N4 that was capable of more current output.  The typical '386 is the N1, which runs out of gas in these applications.  You might have better results with an N3.  Worth a try...
Good point ff!  I used an N3 in my build.  The audio is still muted a bit, but perhaps not as much as the other variants.  I believe I ordered a handful of the LM386 N3's from Jameco at some point.  I simply chose the N3 because it puts out more power.  IIRC, Radio Shack only sells the N1.

5
The RF Workbench / Re: Symptoms of an oscillating amplifier?
« on: October 16, 2014, 1537 UTC »
Ah, I see... I was thinking you were talking about amplifying the RF.

Yes, the LM386 works as an audio modulation source for the transmitter, but it's not ideal.  In my tests the audio was always a bit dampened.  It works, but it's not the best.  It's really simple to construct, so that's the tradeoff.

As for the LM386 getting hot, I'm not sure if mine did or not... It's been a while since I tinkered with that circuit.  What I presented in the schematic was the bare essential parts to get it working.  You might have better luck building the full LM386 circuit presented in the datasheet.  It has a few more parts that might help with stability.  Also, now that I think about it, one reason it might be heating up is the voltage input is too high.  You could try to step the voltage down to the chip, which might help.  Or, the current might be too high, and in such a case you might need to add in a resistor to limit the current at the input.

6
The RF Workbench / Re: Symptoms of an oscillating amplifier?
« on: October 10, 2014, 0350 UTC »
The best way to see what's happening is with an oscilloscope, otherwise you are shooting in the dark.  But, like ff said, you should be able to hear the circuit oscillating on an AM/shortwave radio.  Tune to the frequency of the crystal, and tune your variable capacitor.  You should hear a tone if you are in USB/LSB mode or silence if in AM once it is oscillating at the resonant frequency.

EDIT:  I just re-read the subject line and realized that you were talking about an oscillating amplifier, not oscillating transmitter.  So, disregard everything I said above about crystals and tuning with the variable capacitor, etc.  A scope would still help identify stray oscillations in an amplifier.  What type of amplifier are you using, and how is it hooked into your circuit?

7
The RF Workbench / Re: 5 watt crystal oscillator transmitter
« on: August 04, 2014, 1635 UTC »
@OZNRH Thanks for taking the time to sketch up the schematic improvements!  I would have replied sooner, but I was away for a few days.  I'll be trying all the discussed improvements soon.

8
The RF Workbench / Re: 5 watt crystal oscillator transmitter
« on: July 31, 2014, 1422 UTC »
Hey ff, thanks for the comments, and I appreciate the kind words about my site!  I'm planning on getting an improved version of the article out with these suggestions (with credits to this forum!).

One thing I would add is a 0.1 uF cap to ground on the V+ side of your 3.3 uH choke.  That will work with the choke to help keep RF out of your voltage feed.
I added a 100uF capacitor at the RFC as a voltage stabilizer.  Would the 0.1uF be enough capacitance?  I guess it depends on the stability of the power supply.  I've usually used a higher value electrolytic as voltage stabilizers.  One structure I've seen in similar circuits, is a 100uF capacitor and a 0.1uF in series at the RFC.  I assume there is a reason for this, but it just looks like a 99.9uF capacitor to me.

Also, using two 100K as a divider sets your gate bias point at 6V.  In this situation there's no reason to make the IRF amplify linearly.  The higher the bias point, the hotter the IRF will run because it will be conducting for longer portions of the cycle.  A single gate resistor to ground will set the gate impedance.  I normally use one between 1K-10K, but that's just my fetish :).
For some reason my IRF510 stops working if I just add a single resistor bias on the gate.  If I lower the voltage with the divider it starts working.  I'm really not sure why this is, as I believe it's suppose to operate with a 12v input.  I might edit the divider though to bring the voltage up to +9 or +10v and see if it still operates.  Maybe I have some knock off FET's, although I bought them from a reputable source.

And Ole makes great points - use a 0.1 uF coupling cap in the drain circuit followed by a C-L-C LPF.  This will improve your output waveform by reducing the harmonic energy.
Yes, for sure if I was to use this in any serious way.  I've plugged it into the altoids low pass filter I've previously created just to see how it cleans things up, although that filter is for 40m, so it's not really ideal.  It is improving the waveform on the harmonics in that range though.

At the moment I'm just using the canned crystal oscillator as a simple RF source to amplify.  I don't plan to keep it in a final design, but I do find it interesting to be able to max the power output of these things.  I usually build things out in stages, and then combine into something more useful -- It's all a learning experience for me.  One project I have in queue, is to better understand some standard crystal oscillator designs, and once I'm happy with a configuration, combine the two into a QRP transmitter.  Baby steps  :)

9
The RF Workbench / Re: 5 watt crystal oscillator transmitter
« on: July 31, 2014, 0108 UTC »
OZNRH, thanks for the input!  I added two 100K ohm resistors as a voltage divider on the IRF510 gate for biasing.  This seems to have done the trick.  I also tried the 0.1 uF cap and this too worked just as well as the 1000uF capacitor.  I now measure 4 watts RF going into a dummy load.

I'm more pleased with this circuit, because it's less of a hack.  I was scratching my head when originally playing with this wondering why I couldn't bias it and make it work.  I must have had something plugged in wrong at the time.

10
The RF Workbench / Re: 5 watt crystal oscillator transmitter
« on: July 30, 2014, 1535 UTC »
If I was you, so put a 100K resistor direct from Gate to ground. I do not like the gate hangs and 'float'  :-\..
That's a good point.  I did originally have a 100K resistor in there for biasing, but was having problems with it distorting the waveform.  But, I also changed things from the original circuit I threw on the breadboard, so I'll try adding it in again and see what happens.

11
The RF Workbench / 5 watt crystal oscillator transmitter
« on: July 28, 2014, 0401 UTC »
I was playing around with amplifying a basic crystal oscillator transmitter.  I was able to get it up to 5 watts with an IRF510.  As I mention in my write up, this isn't a design you want to put on the air.  IMHO it's far too dangerous to be amplifying square waves to 5 watts -- the RF pollution will be all over the place.  But, it's a fun little circuit to experiment with into a dummy load, and burn your fingers (the IRF510 gets HOT!).

More Fun With Crystal Oscillators: Amplifying RF:
http://makerf.com/posts/more-fun-with-crystal-oscillators-amplifying-rf

12
The RF Workbench / Experimenting with Colpitts Oscillators
« on: April 05, 2014, 0346 UTC »
Just posted a write up on my site that some may be interested in:

Experimenting with Colpitts Oscillators
http://makerf.com/posts/experimenting_with_colpitts_oscillators

For those of you who don't know, the Colpitts oscillator is a common RF oscillator circuit.  Useful for when you don't have a crystal in the frequency range you want to use.  The colpitts can be scaled for pretty much any frequency range based on the L and C values in the tank circuit.

13
Got an email from Jameco today, and it appears they are soliciting radio enthusiasts about what parts they should stock.  Might be a great opportunity if they start stocking some hard to find components.

Here's the link, which has another link at the end where you can send feedback:
http://www.jameco.com/Jameco/email/ham-world.html


14
The RF Workbench / Re: Measuring transmitters with an oscilloscope
« on: September 10, 2013, 1512 UTC »
and the only book that really tells you how to design is

Solid State Design for the Radio Amateur - by Hayward    
I also recommend Experimental Methods in RF Design by Hayward.  The Solid State book I believe is no longer in print, and the Experimental Methods book is the updated version.  The nice part is you can pull docs from decades ago and they still apply today.  Analog radio is a century old technology, and not much has changed since the early days.

15
The RF Workbench / Re: Measuring transmitters with an oscilloscope
« on: September 10, 2013, 1316 UTC »
Moof, I agree with ff...  Don't get down on yourself.  I consider myself just a step or two above novice, and have only recently started understanding this stuff more.  I'm a software guy who was always interested in electronics, but never had any formal training.  Lots of reading and experimenting for years got me somewhat competent and building some basic circuits.

As for the oscilloscope, I've worked for years blind on these designs.  It's sometimes tough to know why something isn't working without a scope.  Usually a small tweak will make things magically start working, but it's difficult to pin down what the tweak should be without the ability to debug with the scope.  Purchasing one is an investment, but worth it if you can squirrel away enough cash.  And they are easy enough to use...  At its most basic functionality, hook up your leads and press the Auto button.  This will get you close to where you need to be to see if your circuit is oscillating.

But, you definitely don't need one to experiment...  Especially if you can find some decent schematics.  Just make sure you plug the parts in correctly (something I often do wrong) :D

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