Have you ever wondered why other listeners are hearing a pirate with a very strong signal, while you can’t hear it at all? Or have you been listening to a station with a solid SIO of 555, only to have it fade to nothing, while others on IRC are still reporting solid copy? Chances are, the station was operating in NVIS (Near Vertical Incident Sky Wave) mode, where the radio signals go straight up from the transmitter, and down to the receiving site. NVIS is the mode used for all short distance communications on HF. Think of it as the opposite of “skip”...
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