Messages

3976

North American Shortwave Pirate / Re: Amphetamine Radio 4025 USB 2240 UTC 13 Nov 2016

« on: November 13, 2016, 2320 UTC »

2309Z 25442 S5 Pat Benatar "Heartbreaker"
2318Z 25442 S5 Men At Work "Who Can It Be Now"
2522Z 25442 S5 SSTV



_{Perseus SDR with Wellbrook ALA1530S+ loop antenna}

3977

DGPS / DGPS Logs Nov 13, 2016 UTC 0450-1430

« on: November 13, 2016, 2203 UTC »

Count    ID   ref1 ref2 kHz   Baud City                           Country              Lat      Lon      km     Deg
6        926  318  319  300.0 200  Riviere du Loop, QC            Canada               47.762   -69.606  1,846  72 
8        891  282  283  295.0 100  Level Island, AK               Alaska               56.467   -133.098 3,014  309
9        942  340  341  288.0 200  Cape Ray, NL                   Canada               47.636   -59.241  2,621  71 
16       935  334  335  312.0 200  Western Head, NS               Canada               43.993   -64.67   2,273  83 
31       888  276  277  302.0 100  Whidbey Island, WA             United States        48.322   -122.706 2,249  290
64       816  032  033  304.0 100  Aransas Pass, TX               United States        27.842   -97.065  1,936  191
160      929  312  313  296.0 200  St Jean Richelieu, QC          Canada               45.324   -73.317  1,574  82 
255      803  006  007  293.0 100  Moriches, NY                   United States        40.794   -72.756  1,743  98 
393      907  304  305  320.0 200  Richmond, BC                   Canada               49.114   -123.183 2,283  292
419      939  326  327  295.0 200  Partridge Island, NB           Canada               45.239   -66.056  2,138  80 
468      809  018  019  289.0 100  Cape Canaveral, FL             United States        28.467   -80.554  2,162  144
540      919  308  309  306.0 200  Cardinal, ON                   Canada               44.783   -75.417  1,417  85 
653      839  118  119  322.0 100  Youngstown, NY                 United States        43.239   -78.972  1,170  95 
1040     881  262  263  302.0 100  Point Loma, CA                 United States        32.677   -117.25  2,462  244
1513     808  016  017  314.0 200  Card Sound, FL                 United States        25.442   -80.452  2,468  147
2136     799  044  045  290.0 200  Penobscot, ME                  United States        44.453   -68.776  1,942  83 
2613     870  170  171  309.0 200  Reedy Point, DE                United States        39.569   -75.572  1,585  106
3128     927  316  317  309.0 200  Lauzon, QC                     Canada               46.821   -71.165  1,729  75 
3249     886  272  273  287.0 100  Fort Stevens, OR               United States        46.208   -123.96  2,363  284
3284     918  310  311  286.0 200  Wiarton, ON                    Canada               44.75    -81.117  971    87 
3409     778  192  193  292.0 100  Kensington, SC                 United States        33.491   -79.349  1,759  132
4280     804  008  009  286.0 200  Sandy Hook, NJ                 United States        40.475   -74.02   1,659  101
5453     847  058  059  301.0 200  Annapolis, MD                  United States        39.018   -76.61   1,538  110
8605     764  210  211  314.0 200  Lincoln, CA                    United States        38.855   -121.361 2,395  263
10177    828  246  247  301.0 100  Angleton, TX                   United States        29.301   -95.484  1,756  187
12006    871  172  173  300.0 100  Appleton, WA                   United States        45.792   -121.332 2,168  282
12436    814  028  029  293.0 200  English Turn, LA               United States        29.886   -89.947  1,709  169
12916    772  198  199  306.0 200  Acushnet, MA                   United States        41.749   -70.889  1,852  93 
12934    865  160  161  320.0 200  Millers Ferry, AL              United States        32.095   -87.397  1,528  158
13168    806  012  013  289.0 100  Driver, VA                     United States        36.963   -76.562  1,670  116
13554    771  196  197  294.0 100  New Bern, NC                   United States        35.181   -77.059  1,765  123
14862    836  112  113  292.0 200  Cheboygan, MI                  United States        45.656   -84.475  704    81 
20013    831  102  103  298.0 100  Upper Keweenaw, MI             United States        47.233   -88.628  446    55 
20087    830  100  101  296.0 100  Wisconsin, Point WI            United States        46.708   -92.025  219    30 
20526    869  168  169  290.0 200  Louisville, KY                 United States        38.018   -85.31   1,030  136
24768    827  244  245  312.0 200  Tampa, FL                      United States        27.85    -82.543  2,138  149
25382    844  094  095  324.0 200  Hudson Falls, NY               United States        43.272   -73.542  1,595  90 
26447    838  116  117  319.0 200  Detroit, MI                    United States        42.306   -83.103  883    106
31582    792  136  137  297.0 200  Bobo, MS                       United States        34.125   -90.696  1,233  168
33738    866  162  163  299.0 200  Sallisaw, OK                   United States        35.369   -94.817  1,078  187
36673    862  154  155  322.0 200  St Louis, MO                   United States        38.619   -89.764  773    156
39903    777  218  219  304.0 200  Mequon, WI                     United States        43.202   -88.066  474    113
40330    864  158  159  317.0 200  St Paul [Alma], MN             United States        44.306   -91.906  144    122
41191    863  156  157  311.0 200  Rock Island IL                 United States        42.02    -90.231  421    141


The one from AK looks to be valid:
Sunday, November 13, 2016 08:34:50
Sunday, November 13, 2016 08:35:05
Sunday, November 13, 2016 08:35:19
Sunday, November 13, 2016 08:35:52
Sunday, November 13, 2016 08:36:12
Sunday, November 13, 2016 08:39:12
Sunday, November 13, 2016 08:39:46
Sunday, November 13, 2016 08:39:56






_{Perseus SDR with Bonito Boni-Whip antenna}

3978

Software / Amalgamated DGPS Software Feature Request: Frequency Measurement

« on: November 13, 2016, 2018 UTC »

According to:

COMMANDANT INSTRUCTION M16577.1:
Ch 3, Section C:
Frequency Tolerance: The carrier shall maintain a frequency accuracy within plus or minus 6ppm. (e.g., 2Hz for a 325KHz broadcast)


With stability like this, I think it would be useful to provide the current measurement from the recorded file with what it should be which could show the freq offset of the receiver.

Along with frequency measurement:
- What is the drift over time
- Do all stations show this drift or some or one?
- If more than one are drifting, are they consistent or have their own drift?
- Do stations in a region drift similarly?

3979

Software / Amalgamated DGPS Software Feature Request: CLI Only Mode

« on: November 13, 2016, 1935 UTC »

Would it be possible to have a version that is CLI (Terminal) only and no GUI?

It would only do the processing of data & saving it to the decodes file, and would be especially useful along with the batch mode (and watched folders).

If feasible, could there also be a CLI-only version for FreeBSD and/or Linux?

3980

Software / Amalgamated DGPS Software Feature Request: Batch Mode

« on: November 13, 2016, 1927 UTC »

Would like a batch mode that would take some sort of input list of files to process, and then process them.

While processing these, periodically (after each file, more often?) save the decodes that are already complete to a file in case of problems and don't have to start over. And autosave at the end.

Some ideas to specify files:
- Put all files in a folder, and specify that folder in the standard Mac GUI dialog for Open... (this is already done & works)
- Put them in a text file

Adding complexity- be able for it to watch a folder for new files and work on them, so they don't have to be specified in total at the start. Each watched folder would have its decode save file specified, and as the files are processed, they would be deleted (if someone wants to save them, then could be moved to another folder). This way only active & pending files would be present.

3981

North American Shortwave Pirate / Re: Wolverine Radio 4020 USB *0118 UTC 11/13/16

« on: November 13, 2016, 0231 UTC »

0230Z 35443 S8 "The Lady Is A Tramp"  -- Signal is much better here since the 43m band went long (but only a little worse before it changed)
0232Z 35443 S8 ID "Wolverine Radio"
0232Z 35443 S8 Lloyd Price "Lady Luck"
0235Z 35443 S8 The Rolling Stones "Lady Jane"
0240Z 35443 S8 Jimi Hendrix "Foxey Lady"
0241Z 35443 S8 ID "Wolverine Radio"
0241Z 35443 S8 Fats Domino "Lady Madonna"
0243Z 35443 S8 Brewer & Shipley "Lady Like You"
0246Z 35443 S8 Joe Cocker "Delta Lady"
0248Z 35443 S8 ID "Wolverine Radio"
0248Z 35443 S8 Bob Dylan "Lay Lady Lay"
0252Z 35443 S8 Joni Mitchell "Ladies Of The Canyon"
0255Z 35443 S8 Sugarloaf "Green-Eyed Lady"
0258Z 35443 S8 ID "Wolverine Radio"
0258Z 35443 S8 Cornelius Brothers & Sister Rose "Treat Her Like A Lady"
0301Z 35443 S8 The Isley Brothers "That Lady"
0305Z 35443 S8 Leon Russell "Lady Blue"
0308Z 35443 S8 ID "Wolverine Radio"
0308Z 35443 S8 Dire Straits "Lady Writer"
0312Z 35443 S8 Bonnie Raitt "No Way To Treat A Lady"
0315Z 35443 S8 Lyle Lovett "She's No Lady"
0319Z 35443 S8 Echo ID "Wolverine Radio"
0319Z 45444 S9 SSTV
0321Z 35443 S8 ID "Wolverine Radio"
0321Z 35443 S8 Ted Lewis "The Darktown Strutter's Ball"
0324Z 35443 S8 Casa Loma Orchestra "Two Cigarettes In The Dark"
0327Z 35443 S8 ID "Wolverine Radio"
0327Z 35443 S8 Ben Selvin & His Orchestra "Dancing In The Dark"
0330Z 35443 S8 Billie Holliday "Romance In The Dark"
0332Z 35443 S8 B.B. King "Dark Is The Night, Part 1"
0335Z 35443 S8 Dinah Washington "Romance In The Dark"
0337Z 35443 S8 The Youngbloods "Darkness, Darkness"
0341Z 35443 S8 War "Slippin' Into Darkness"
0344Z 35443 S8 Bruce Springsteen "Dancing In The Dark"
0348Z 35443 S8 ID "Wolverine Radio"
0348Z 35443 S8 John Cafferty & The Beaver Brown Band "On The Dark Side"
0351Z 35443 S8 The Robert Cray Band "Don't Be Afraid Of the Dark"
0355Z 35443 S7 Bonnie Raitt "Tangled And Dark"
0359Z 35443 S7 ID "Wolverine Radio"
0359Z 35443 S7 Leonard Cohen "By The Rivers Dark"
0404Z 35443 S7 Red Hot Chili Peppers "Dark Necessities"
0409Z 35443 S7 Echo ID "Wolverine Radio"
0409Z 45444 S9 SSTV
0411Z Off Air.


_{Perseus SDR with Bonito Boni-Whip and Wellbrook ALA100LN 43' N-S loop}

3982

North American Shortwave Pirate / Wolverine Radio 6950 kHz USB 0120 UTC November 13, 2016

« on: November 13, 2016, 0121 UTC »

0119Z 45444 S9+ Wolverine IS
0120Z 45444 S9+ ID "Wolverine Radio"
0120Z 45444 S9 "Ukelele Lady"
0127Z 45444 S9 The Boswell Sisters "Sophisticated Lady"
0133Z 45444 S9 ID "Wolverine Radio"
0133Z 45444 S9 Lloyd Price "Lady Luck"
0135Z 45444 S9 The Rolling Stones "Lady Jane"
0138Z 45444 S9 Jimi Hendrix "Foxey Lady"
0141Z 45444 S9 ID "Wolverine Radio"
0141Z 45554 S9 Fats Domino "Lady Madonna"
0144Z 45554 S9 Brewer & Shipley "Lady Like You"
0146Z 45554 S9 Joe Cocker "Delta Lady"
0149Z 45554 S9 ID "Wolverine Radio"
0149Z 45554 S9 Bob Dylan "Lay Lady Lay"
0152Z 45554 S9 Sugarloaf "Green-Eyed Lady"
0154Z 35443 S5 Signal dropped in the middle of "Green-Eyed Lady"
0156Z 35443 S5 ID "Wolverine Radio"
0156Z 25442 S4 Cornelius Brothers & Sister Rose "Treat Her Like A Lady" - Signal is now dropping slowly into the noise
0158Z 25442 S4 The Isley Brothers "That Lady"
0202Z 15441 Signal is now weak and barely readable. Can tell there's a song, but unable to ID the song.
0209Z 15441 ID "Wolverine Radio"
0209Z 15441 SSTV
0211Z Off Air.


_{Perseus SDR with Bonito Boni-Whip and Wellbrook ALA-100LN antennas.}

3983

DGPS / Re: DGPS Logs Nov 12, 2016 UTC 0007-0955

« on: November 13, 2016, 0112 UTC »

Ooooooooo... that's exciting. I think that may be the furthest LW/MW station I've heard. I know when listening for NAVTEX stations a couple of years ago, I had some that were a ways away, but don't think I got Hawaii.

3984

DGPS / Re: DGPS Logs Nov 12, 2016 UTC 0007-0955

« on: November 12, 2016, 2239 UTC »

Max zCount Error = 6

Upolu Point, HI  ID: 879  286 kHz
Saturday, November 12, 2016 09:20:01
Saturday, November 12, 2016 09:20:10
Saturday, November 12, 2016 09:20:26
Saturday, November 12, 2016 09:52:41
Saturday, November 12, 2016 09:53:48
Saturday, November 12, 2016 09:53:50


Cape Aghulas, South Africa  ID:203  301 kHz
Saturday, November 12, 2016 01:40:20
Saturday, November 12, 2016 02:43:06
Saturday, November 12, 2016 03:11:34
Saturday, November 12, 2016 06:23:17
Saturday, November 12, 2016 08:09:46
Saturday, November 12, 2016 08:19:03
Saturday, November 12, 2016 11:51:56

3985

DGPS / DGPS Logs Nov 12, 2016 UTC 0007-0955

« on: November 12, 2016, 2143 UTC »

Let the thing run through the night.

Not displaying any stations with fewer than 4 counts.

Count    ID   ref1 ref2 kHz   Baud City                           Country              Lat      Lon      km     Deg
6        879  258  259  286.0 100  Upolu Point, Hi                Hawaii               20.257   -155.885 6,285  266
7        203  223  243  301.0 100  Cape Aghulas                   South Africa         -34.838  20.021   14,392 103
16       870  170  171  309.0 200  Reedy Point, DE                United States        39.569   -75.572  1,585  106
21       929  312  313  296.0 200  St Jean Richelieu, QC          Canada               45.324   -73.317  1,574  82  
33       942  340  341  288.0 200  Cape Ray, NL                   Canada               47.636   -59.241  2,621  71  
48       908  302  303  315.0 200  Tofino [Amphitrite Point], BC  Canada               48.931   -125.545 2,456  292
51       881  262  263  302.0 100  Point Loma, CA                 United States        32.677   -117.25  2,462  244
111      972  901  902  302.0 200  Miraflores                     Panama               8.993    -79.585  4,220  157
226      888  276  277  302.0 100  Whidbey Island, WA             United States        48.322   -122.706 2,249  290
442      919  308  309  306.0 200  Cardinal, ON                   Canada               44.783   -75.417  1,417  85  
562      847  058  059  301.0 200  Annapolis, MD                  United States        39.018   -76.61   1,538  110
699      803  006  007  293.0 100  Moriches, NY                   United States        40.794   -72.756  1,743  98  
846      816  032  033  304.0 100  Aransas Pass, TX               United States        27.842   -97.065  1,936  191
852      799  044  045  290.0 200  Penobscot, ME                  United States        44.453   -68.776  1,942  83  
944      839  118  119  322.0 100  Youngstown, NY                 United States        43.239   -78.972  1,170  95  
1165     804  008  009  286.0 200  Sandy Hook, NJ                 United States        40.475   -74.02   1,659  101
1757     907  304  305  320.0 200  Richmond, BC                   Canada               49.114   -123.183 2,283  292
1761     886  272  273  287.0 100  Fort Stevens, OR               United States        46.208   -123.96  2,363  284
2289     778  192  193  292.0 100  Kensington, SC                 United States        33.491   -79.349  1,759  132
3136     809  018  019  289.0 100  Cape Canaveral, FL             United States        28.467   -80.554  2,162  144
4291     808  016  017  314.0 200  Card Sound, FL                 United States        25.442   -80.452  2,468  147
4505     918  310  311  286.0 200  Wiarton, ON                    Canada               44.75    -81.117  971    87  
5416     927  316  317  309.0 200  Lauzon, QC                     Canada               46.821   -71.165  1,729  75  
5760     772  198  199  306.0 200  Acushnet, MA                   United States        41.749   -70.889  1,852  93  
6741     764  210  211  314.0 200  Lincoln, CA                    United States        38.855   -121.361 2,395  263
10150    865  160  161  320.0 200  Millers Ferry, AL              United States        32.095   -87.397  1,528  158
10295    806  012  013  289.0 100  Driver, VA                     United States        36.963   -76.562  1,670  116
11630    871  172  173  300.0 100  Appleton, WA                   United States        45.792   -121.332 2,168  282
17339    771  196  197  294.0 100  New Bern, NC                   United States        35.181   -77.059  1,765  123
18421    836  112  113  292.0 200  Cheboygan, MI                  United States        45.656   -84.475  704    81  
19589    814  028  029  293.0 200  English Turn, LA               United States        29.886   -89.947  1,709  169
21976    869  168  169  290.0 200  Louisville, KY                 United States        38.018   -85.31   1,030  136
23033    828  246  247  301.0 100  Angleton, TX                   United States        29.301   -95.484  1,756  187
31608    838  116  117  319.0 200  Detroit, MI                    United States        42.306   -83.103  883    106
33108    827  244  245  312.0 200  Tampa, FL                      United States        27.85    -82.543  2,138  149
33295    831  102  103  298.0 100  Upper Keweenaw, MI             United States        47.233   -88.628  446    55  
33999    844  094  095  324.0 200  Hudson Falls, NY               United States        43.272   -73.542  1,595  90  
34180    830  100  101  296.0 100  Wisconsin, Point WI            United States        46.708   -92.025  219    30  
43102    792  136  137  297.0 200  Bobo, MS                       United States        34.125   -90.696  1,233  168
45522    866  162  163  299.0 200  Sallisaw, OK                   United States        35.369   -94.817  1,078  187
48036    862  154  155  322.0 200  St Louis, MO                   United States        38.619   -89.764  773    156
59869    777  218  219  304.0 200  Mequon, WI                     United States        43.202   -88.066  474    113
65151    863  156  157  311.0 200  Rock Island IL                 United States        42.02    -90.231  421    141
67422    864  158  159  317.0 200  St Paul [Alma], MN             United States        44.306   -91.906  144    122






_{Perseus SDR with Bonito Boni-Whip and Wellbrook ALA-100LN (43' loop running N-S)}

3986

Huh? / Re: Singer-songwriter Leonard Cohen dies at age 82.

« on: November 11, 2016, 2029 UTC »

This is very sad. I really enjoyed his songs, especially "Everybody Knows."

3987

DGPS / DGPS Logs Nov 11, 2016 UTC 1651-1811

« on: November 11, 2016, 2017 UTC »

Count    ID   ref1 ref2 kHz   Baud City                           Country              Lat      Lon      km     Deg
1        113  426  427  323.0 100  Nagapatinam                    India                10.766   79.85    13,777 8  
1        707  007  001  285.0 100  Brisbane, QD                   Australia            -27.087  153.059  13,896 265
1        036  036  001  285.0 100  Temiryukskiy 1                 Russia [Eu]          45.333   37.233   8,861  33  
1        741  167  168  285.0 200  Truong Sa                      Vietnam              8.643    111.918  13,532 330
1        409  609  001  286.0 100  Savonlinna                     Finland              62.083   28.65    7,041  26  
1        413  626  627  289.0 100  Skagata Lt                     Iceland              66.121   -20.109  4,806  34  
1        022  022  001  292.0 100  Doobsky                        Russia [Eu]          44.633   37.922   8,956  33  
1        891  282  283  295.0 100  Level Island, AK               Alaska               56.467   -133.098 3,014  309
1        001  850  851  295.0 100  Obristvi                       Czech Republic       50.301   14.484   7,350  42  
1        743  126  127  296.0 200  Kuala Besar                    Malaysia             6.217    102.233  14,109 340
1        674  753  754  318.0 200  Chungju                        South Korea          36.967   127.75   10,007 328
1        446  686  696  297.0 100  Girdle Ness Lt                 Scotland             57.142   -2.056   6,028  42  
1        940  338  339  315.0 200  Cape Race, NL                  Canada               46.661   -53.075  3,098  72  
1        821  1008 1009 313.0 200  C2CEN Portsmouth, VA           United States        36.892   -76.369  1,689  116
1        005  005  001  311.0 100  Shepelevskiy 2                 Russia [Eu]          59.983   29.15    7,233  28  
1        666  000  732  310.0 200  Changgigot (Homigot) Lt        South Korea          36.088   129.569  10,016 327
1        944  342  343  310.0 200  Cape Norman, NL                Canada               51.509   -55.831  2,842  62  
1        001  463  001  310.0 100  Canivete                       Brazil               0.516    -50.424  6,499  127
1        972  901  902  302.0 200  Miraflores                     Panama               8.993    -79.585  4,220  157
1        467  733  001  302.0 100  Hjortens Udde                  Sweden               58.633   12.667   6,659  35  
1        673  751  752  303.0 200  Pyeongchang                    South Korea          37.333   128.483  9,940  328
1        611  622  623  304.0 200  Haozhi Gang                    China                32.017   121.717  10,743 331
1        896  292  293  310.0 100  Kenai, AK                      Alaska               60.681   -151.35  4,094  316
1        342  484  485  308.0 200  Horta                          Azores               38.533   -28.617  5,280  74  
1        634  668  669  309.0 200  Matsumae                       Japan                41.428   140.091  9,030  322
2        828  246  247  301.0 100  Angleton, TX                   United States        29.301   -95.484  1,756  187
2        808  016  017  314.0 200  Card Sound, FL                 United States        25.442   -80.452  2,468  147
3        140  480  481  298.0 200  Bahrain                        Bahrain              26.117   50.65    11,309 33  
4        746  000  132  298.0 200  Pulau Satumu (Raffles)         Singapore            1.165    103.746  14,608 337
4        669  000  738  298.0 200  Soh                            South Korea          34.096   125.1    10,400 329
6        323  446  447  298.0 200  Ras Gharib                     Egypt                28.353   33.117   10,229 45  
2658     831  102  103  298.0 100  Upper Keweenaw, MI             United States        47.233   -88.628  446    55  
2929     830  100  101  296.0 100  Wisconsin, Point WI            United States        46.708   -92.025  219    30  
5189     862  154  155  322.0 200  St Louis, MO                   United States        38.619   -89.764  773    156
5218     863  156  157  311.0 200  Rock Island IL                 United States        42.02    -90.231  421    141
5252     777  218  219  304.0 200  Mequon, WI                     United States        43.202   -88.066  474    113
5692     864  158  159  317.0 200  St Paul [Alma], MN             United States        44.306   -91.906  144    122



_{Perseus SDR with Bonito Boni-Wip + Wellbrook ALA-100LN antennas.}

3988

Longwave Loggings / Re: LORAN is back again 1610 UTC 22 Oct 2016

« on: October 23, 2016, 0127 UTC »

This is great!

I turned on my LORAN-C receiver (23 Oct 2016  0130 UTC) and it found the master station (Dana, in GRI 8970)!  

On a lark, I bought a SportNav on eBay for $25 a couple of months ago. All its said since then for the SNR display is that it was searching and can't find anything. Until tonight.

This is truly exciting.


0135Z - It found Seneca and is trying for Baudette, but alas... nothing.

24 Oct 2016 0001 UTC: Dana & Seneca are gone now. Don't know when they went away.

3989

North American Shortwave Pirate / Re: Wolverine Radio 6935 USB 0025 UTC October 23, 2016

« on: October 23, 2016, 0111 UTC »

0103Z 55444 S9+ ID
0110Z 55444 S9+ Crowded House "Weather With You"
0112Z 55444 S9+ Gladys Knight "Stormy Weather"
0116Z 55444 S9 ID
0116Z 55444 S9 Buddy Guy "Change In The Weather"
0126Z 55444 S9 SSTV
0126Z Off Air.




_{Yaesu FT-847 with Bonito Boni-Whip and Wellbrook ALA100LN}

3990

Huh? / Re: Dennis Ritchie, Father of C and Co-Developer of Unix, Dies

« on: October 16, 2016, 0050 UTC »

Even though its been a few years, it still hard. *nix is is the world I live in. While I complain daily about the noise around me at work, I often think, would it be better if I work in the server room with a clattering TTY? Honestly, yes, that would be less distraction than people.

http://s7.computerhistory.org/is/image/CHM/102680487-03-01?$re-medium$